US3578578A - Measuring means for measuring the exygen content in liquid and gaseous media - Google Patents

Measuring means for measuring the exygen content in liquid and gaseous media Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3578578A
US3578578A US763760A US3578578DA US3578578A US 3578578 A US3578578 A US 3578578A US 763760 A US763760 A US 763760A US 3578578D A US3578578D A US 3578578DA US 3578578 A US3578578 A US 3578578A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
measuring means
current collector
reference system
metal
measuring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US763760A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Otto Von Krusenstierna
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Norden Holding AB
Original Assignee
ASEA AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ASEA AB filed Critical ASEA AB
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3578578A publication Critical patent/US3578578A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
    • G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
    • G01N27/411—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing of liquid metals
    • G01N27/4111—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing of liquid metals using sensor elements of laminated structure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the measurement of oxygen content of a liquid or gasseous material.
  • the prior art One method of determining the oxygen content in a medium is to measure the electromatoric force in an oxygen concentration element having a solid oxygen-ion conducting electrolyte, for example Ilime-stabilised zirconium dioxide.
  • the solid electrolyte of the measuring means normally consists of a relatively thick-walled tube provided with a bottom, on the inside of which is air or a mixture of a metal and its oxide.
  • a platinum Wire is often used as current collector.
  • the electrolyte is arranged only as a relatively thick-walled bottom While the cylindrical walls consist of an indifferent material.
  • the measuring means according to the invention permits measurement of the oxygen content in, for example, metal melts and exhause gases, with a maximum time delay of 3-5 seconds from the moment when the measuring means is inserted in the medium. This provides an essential improvement of the process control for, among other things, steel manufacture, casting and combustion.
  • the present invention relates to a measuring means for measuring the oxygen content in a liquid or gaseous medium, comprising a solid oxygen ion conducting electrolyte arranged in contact with a reference system having known oxygen potential and consisting of a metal and its oxide, which is ⁇ arranged in contact with a current collector, characterised in that the current collector is designed as a carrying element for the reference system and the electrolyte which are both arranged as layers on the current collector with the electrolyte outside the reference system.
  • the metal in the reference system may form a continuously coherent unit with the current collector which is then of the same metal and the metal exide may be arranged as a layer on the unit.
  • the surface layer of the body acting as current collector thus serves as the metal in the reference system.
  • the reference system may consist of a separate layer arranged on the current collector, which is then normally of a different metal from the metal in the current collector, and of a layer of the metal oxide arranged outside this layer, or consist of a layer of a mixture of the metal and the metal oxide.
  • the current collector is in the form of a wire or a rod having a thickness less than 5 mm. preferably less than 3 mm.
  • a particularly simple measuring means is obtained which is cheap to manufacture, especially in view of the fact that a wire or rod can be manufactured, for example, with layers of the reference system and electrolyte applied by plasma spraying, in great lengths which can then be cut into shorter lengths suitable for each measuring means to be manufactured from the wire or rod.
  • a current collector having wire or rod shape is used or some other shape, it is advantageous to use a thickness for the current collector less than 5 mm., preferably less than 3 mm., because the measuring means then has little thermal capacity.
  • the layer of the reference system may suitably have a thickness of 0.001-0.5, preferably 0.05-0.3 mm., and the electrolyte layer a thickness of (lOl-0 5 mm., preferably 0.05-0.3 mm.
  • the necessary counter-electrode may consist of a separate unit which is placed in the medium Whose oxygen content is to be determined. It may also be arranged together with the measuring means in a common casing or itself be shaped as a casing around part of the electrolyte layer of the measuring means.
  • the current collector may consist, for example, of one of the metals nickel, cobalt, iron, chromium, manganese, tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum or platinum.
  • the metal in the reference system may consist, for example, of one of the metals, nickel cobalt, iron, chromium, manganise, molybdenum, tungsten, niobium or tantalum.
  • suitable material in the electrolyte layer may be mentioned, amongst other things, lime-stabilised zirconium dioxide, which consists of ⁇ about mole percent Zr02 and about l5 mole percent CaO, or other oxygen ion conducting oxides such as yttrium-stabilised thorum oxide which consists of about 92.5 mole percent ThOg and about 7.5 mole percent Y2O3 and other substances described in Zeitschrift fr Chemie, March 1964, volume 3, pages 81-94.
  • lime-stabilised zirconium dioxide which consists of ⁇ about mole percent Zr02 and about l5 mole percent CaO
  • oxygen ion conducting oxides such as yttrium-stabilised thorum oxide which consists of about 92.5 mole percent ThOg and about 7.5 mole percent Y2O3 and other substances described in Zeitschrift fr Chemie, March 1964, volume 3, pages 81-94.
  • a suitable method of applying the layer of the reference system and the electrolyte is by means of plasma spraying or flame spraying them one after the other on the current collector. It is also possible to immerse the current collector first in a powder mixture of the metal of the reference system and the metal oxide (or only in the metal oxide if the current collector consists of the meta of the reference system) and then to sinter the product thus applied, after which the electrolyte is also applied by the same method in a second step.
  • An alternative method of applying the metal oxide on the current collector if this consists of the metal of the reference system is to oxidize the surface of the current collector so that it Abecomes coated with an oxide.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a measuring means according to the invention in which the current collector is of the same metal as the metal in the reference system and forms a continuously coherent unit with the metal in the reference system
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically a measuring means according to the invention in which the reference system consists of a mixture of a metal and its oxide,
  • FIG. 3 shows schematically a measuring means according to the invention which is built together with a counter electrode in an insulating casing
  • FIG. 4 shows schematically a measuring means according to the invention arranged together with a separate counter electrode in a space containing a liquid medium
  • FIG. 5 shows schematically a measuring means according to the invention, in which a counter electrode is arranged as a casing around a part of the electrolyte layer and which is arranged in a liquid medium,
  • FIG. 6 is a modification of the arrangement according to FIG. 5, and
  • FIG. 7 shows schematically a measuring means according to the invention arranged together with a coherent coutner-electrode in a space containing a gaseous medium.
  • the measuring means 1 consists rst of a nickel wire 2 having a diameter of 1 mm. and a length of cm. which, for example by being exposed to an oxygen-rich atmosphere, is oxidized on the surface thus forming a layer 3 of nickel oxide which may have a thickness of, for example, about 0.01 mm.
  • the nickel wire acts as current collector and at the same time forms part of the reference system, since the part of the surface layer of the nickel wire which faces the nickel oxide forms, together with the nickel oxide, the reference system of the measuring means.
  • the electrolyte layer consists of a 0.1 mm. thick layer 4 of particles of lime-stabilised zirconium dioxide sintered together and applied by plasma or llame spraying in a conventional manner.
  • the current collector of the Ineasf uring means 5 consists of a l mm. thick tungsten wire 6 on which is rst applied a reference system consisting of a layer 7 of particles of a mixture of chromium and chromium oxide (Cr203) sintered together and then a layer 8 of particles of lime-stabilised zirconium dioxide sintered together.
  • the layers 7 and 8 may both be applied by means of plasma spraying or ame spraying.
  • the lower end 11 of the measuring means is surrounded by the casing and the electrolyte layer 8 is instead exposed at a distance from said end by the arrangement of a window or opening 12 in the casing.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 3 has advantages, particularly in cases Where the measuring means comprises a piece cut from a Wire having great length on which the reference system and the electrolyte have been applied. In such cases no reference system layer or electrolyte layer is obtained at the ends after cutting. The ends are protected by the casing 10.
  • the counter electrode 9 has an exposed end 13 which, like the electrolyte layer 8, cornes into contact with the oxygen-rich medium at the opening when the measuring means is being used.
  • the measuring means 5 according to FIG. 2, together with the counter electrode 14, is arranged in a vessel 1S with molten copper 16.
  • the size of the measuring means and the counter electrode is considerably exaggerated in relation to the size of the vessel.
  • the measuring means and the counter electrode are arranged in a common holder 17 and connected to a high-impedance voltmeter 18 to determine the oxygen content in the molten copper, or to a registering instrument.
  • the counter electrode 14 may consist, for example, of a molybdenum wire partly surrounded by a potective layer 19, for example of aluminium oxide.
  • the counter electrode is arranged as a tubular casing 20, 21, respectively, around a part of the electrolyte layer of the measuring means. At the same time the casing provides a protection for the electrolyte layer of the measuring means.
  • the measuring means and the counter electrode are arranged in a melt of steel 22 in the Vessel 23.
  • the measuring means and the counter electrode are connected to a Voltmeter 18. They may also be connected to a registering instrument or to a means regulating the supply of components to the melt to inuence its oxygen content.
  • the lower part 24 of the measuring means is exposed to be in contact with the melt.
  • FIG. 5 the arrangement according to FIG.
  • the casing tube 20 may consist of tungsten or of a metal ceramic material such as a mixture of molybdenum and aluminum oxide.
  • the wall thickness may be, for example, 2 mm.
  • the measuring means 1 according to FIG. l together with the counter electrode 27 joined to this, is arranged in a drum 28 for exhaust gases.
  • the measuring means and counter electrode are insulated from the drum by the insulation 29 and connected to the voltmeter 18 to determine the oxygen content in the exhaust gases. They may also be connected to a registering instrument or to a means influencing valves in conduits for the supply of fuel and air to the space where the combustion takes place.
  • the counter electrode 27 which is in electron-conducting contact with the electrolyte layer may, for example, consist of platinum in the form of a coherent net or a layer with open pores.
  • Measuring means for measuring the oxygen content in a liquid or gaseous medium comprising a current collector, a solid oxygen ion conducting eyectrolyte having an exposed surface and a reference system having known oxygen potential and consisting essentially of a metal and its oxide, in which the current collector constitutes a carrying element for the reference system and the electrolyte which are both arranged as layers on and around the current collector with the reference system in contact with and secured to the current collector and the electrolyte outside and in contact with and secured to the reference system, said current collector comprising a solid wire or rod having a thickness of less than 5 mm, said reference system layer having a thickness of 0.001-0.5 mm., and said electrolyte layer having a thickness of G01-0.5mm.
  • Measuring means in which the metal in the reference system forms a continuous coherent unit with the current collector which is of the same metal and that the metal oxide is arranged as a layer on the unit.
  • Measuring means in which the reference system comprises a separate layer of the metal arranged on the current collector and a layer of metal oxide or a layer of a mixture of the metal and the metal oxide arranged on the current collector.
  • Measuring means in which a protective casing is arranged around a part of the electrolyte layer.
  • Measuring means according to claim 4 in which the protective casing is electrically conducting and constitutes a counter-electrode.
  • the metal of the reference system consists essentially of a metal of the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron, chromium manganese, molybdenum, tungsten, niobium and tantalum.
  • VMeasurisg means according to claim 1, in which the current collector and the metal in the reference system consist essentially of nickel.
  • Measuring means according to claim 1 in which the current collector consists essentially of tungsten and the metal in the reference system consists essentially of chromium.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Measuring Oxygen Concentration In Cells (AREA)
US763760A 1967-09-28 1968-09-30 Measuring means for measuring the exygen content in liquid and gaseous media Expired - Lifetime US3578578A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE13306/67A SE322927B (en)) 1967-09-28 1967-09-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3578578A true US3578578A (en) 1971-05-11

Family

ID=20297185

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US763760A Expired - Lifetime US3578578A (en) 1967-09-28 1968-09-30 Measuring means for measuring the exygen content in liquid and gaseous media

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3578578A (en))
DE (1) DE1798307C3 (en))
FR (1) FR1582347A (en))
GB (1) GB1232487A (en))
SE (1) SE322927B (en))

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3652427A (en) * 1969-12-22 1972-03-28 Little Inc A Method for monitoring the oxygen and carbon contents in a molten metal
US3711394A (en) * 1970-10-29 1973-01-16 Atomic Energy Commission Continuous oxygen monitoring of liquid metals
US3768259A (en) * 1971-07-06 1973-10-30 Universal Oil Prod Co Control for an engine system
US3793155A (en) * 1969-12-22 1974-02-19 Little Inc A Apparatus for monitoring the oxygen content of a molten metal
US3915830A (en) * 1974-06-12 1975-10-28 Westinghouse Electric Corp Solid electrolyte electrochemical cell with self contained reference
US4021326A (en) * 1972-06-02 1977-05-03 Robert Bosch G.M.B.H. Electro-chemical sensor
US4035244A (en) * 1974-11-01 1977-07-12 Mita Industrial Company Limited Electric recording process
US4040929A (en) * 1975-09-15 1977-08-09 Universal Oil Products Company Oxygen sensor having thin film electrolyte
US4076608A (en) * 1976-11-04 1978-02-28 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Oxygen sensor
US4126532A (en) * 1976-09-22 1978-11-21 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Oxygen sensor
FR2422951A1 (fr) * 1977-12-24 1979-11-09 Max Planck Inst Eisenforschung Sonde a immersion
US4174258A (en) * 1978-05-03 1979-11-13 Bendix Autolite Corporation Solid electrolyte oxygen sensor with zero oxygen reference
DE2833397A1 (de) * 1978-07-29 1980-02-14 Ferrotron Elektronik Gmbh Messzelle
US4208265A (en) * 1977-11-11 1980-06-17 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Oxygen sensor element and process of manufacture
EP0024192A1 (en) * 1979-08-13 1981-02-25 EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY (a New Jersey corporation) Silver/silver halide electrodes and process for preparing same
DE2934244A1 (de) 1979-08-24 1981-03-12 Ferrotron Elektronik Gmbh Messzelle.
US4313799A (en) * 1980-04-04 1982-02-02 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Oxygen sensor and method for determining the oxygen activity in molten glass
US4354912A (en) * 1979-02-03 1982-10-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Solid electrochemical sensor
US4406754A (en) * 1980-03-28 1983-09-27 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Method and probe for the rapid determination of sulfur level
US4636292A (en) * 1984-05-03 1987-01-13 Ab Asea-Atom Electrode for electrochemical measurements in aqueous solutions of high temperatures
US4828673A (en) * 1987-03-09 1989-05-09 Yokogawa Electric Corporation Apparatus for measuring combustible gas concentration in flue gas
DE2954228C2 (en)) * 1979-08-24 1989-06-22 Fischer, Wilhelm Anton, Prof. Dr.-Ing.Habil.
US5332449A (en) * 1991-10-28 1994-07-26 Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. Immersion sensor for molten metals
US5480523A (en) * 1992-03-24 1996-01-02 Pilkington Plc Method of using oxygen measuring probe
US5792329A (en) * 1995-04-12 1998-08-11 Heraeus Electro-Nite International, N.V. Apparatus to measure an electro-chemical activity
DE10310387B3 (de) * 2003-03-07 2004-07-22 Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. Messeinrichtung zur Bestimmung der Sauerstoffaktivität in Metall- oder Schlackeschmelzen
DE102004022763B3 (de) * 2004-05-05 2005-09-15 Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. Messeinrichtung zur Bestimmung der Sauerstoffaktivität in Metall- oder Schlackeschmelzen
US20060096861A1 (en) * 2002-11-26 2006-05-11 Wilhelm Merkens Probe for determination of oxygen activity in metal melts and methods for its production
US20100018348A1 (en) * 2007-01-22 2010-01-28 Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. Method for Influencing the Properties of Cast Iron, and Oxygen Sensor
DE102012002027A1 (de) 2012-02-03 2013-08-08 Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. Messeinrichtung zur Bestimmung der Sauerstoffaktivität in Metall- oder Schlackeschmelzen

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2819381C2 (de) * 1978-05-03 1982-08-19 Ferrotron Elektronik Gmbh, 4030 Ratingen Festelektrolytzelle zur korrekturfreien Messung geringer Sauerstoffaktivitäten in Stahlschmelzen
JPS6034062B2 (ja) * 1979-05-25 1985-08-06 日産自動車株式会社 空燃比検出装置
JPS564047A (en) * 1979-06-26 1981-01-16 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Lamination type membrane-covered oxygen sensor
JPS6034064B2 (ja) * 1979-12-18 1985-08-06 日産自動車株式会社 積層型膜構造酸素センサ
HU191839B (en) * 1983-05-16 1987-04-28 Nehezipari Mueszaki Egyetem Method and device for measuring continuously the solute alumina content of cryolite melts with alumina content during operation
JPS6283641A (ja) * 1985-10-08 1987-04-17 Sharp Corp 電界効果型半導体センサ
DE102006005476A1 (de) * 2006-01-26 2007-09-13 Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. Vorrichtung zum Bestimmen einer Kenngröße einer Metallschmelze oder einer auf der Metallschmelze aufliegenden Schlackeschicht

Cited By (40)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3793155A (en) * 1969-12-22 1974-02-19 Little Inc A Apparatus for monitoring the oxygen content of a molten metal
US3652427A (en) * 1969-12-22 1972-03-28 Little Inc A Method for monitoring the oxygen and carbon contents in a molten metal
US3711394A (en) * 1970-10-29 1973-01-16 Atomic Energy Commission Continuous oxygen monitoring of liquid metals
US3768259A (en) * 1971-07-06 1973-10-30 Universal Oil Prod Co Control for an engine system
US4021326A (en) * 1972-06-02 1977-05-03 Robert Bosch G.M.B.H. Electro-chemical sensor
US3915830A (en) * 1974-06-12 1975-10-28 Westinghouse Electric Corp Solid electrolyte electrochemical cell with self contained reference
US4035244A (en) * 1974-11-01 1977-07-12 Mita Industrial Company Limited Electric recording process
US4040929A (en) * 1975-09-15 1977-08-09 Universal Oil Products Company Oxygen sensor having thin film electrolyte
US4126532A (en) * 1976-09-22 1978-11-21 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Oxygen sensor
US4076608A (en) * 1976-11-04 1978-02-28 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Oxygen sensor
US4208265A (en) * 1977-11-11 1980-06-17 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Oxygen sensor element and process of manufacture
FR2422951A1 (fr) * 1977-12-24 1979-11-09 Max Planck Inst Eisenforschung Sonde a immersion
US4174258A (en) * 1978-05-03 1979-11-13 Bendix Autolite Corporation Solid electrolyte oxygen sensor with zero oxygen reference
DE2833397A1 (de) * 1978-07-29 1980-02-14 Ferrotron Elektronik Gmbh Messzelle
US4354912A (en) * 1979-02-03 1982-10-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Solid electrochemical sensor
EP0024192A1 (en) * 1979-08-13 1981-02-25 EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY (a New Jersey corporation) Silver/silver halide electrodes and process for preparing same
DE2934244A1 (de) 1979-08-24 1981-03-12 Ferrotron Elektronik Gmbh Messzelle.
DE2954228C2 (en)) * 1979-08-24 1989-06-22 Fischer, Wilhelm Anton, Prof. Dr.-Ing.Habil.
US4406754A (en) * 1980-03-28 1983-09-27 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Method and probe for the rapid determination of sulfur level
US4313799A (en) * 1980-04-04 1982-02-02 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Oxygen sensor and method for determining the oxygen activity in molten glass
US4636292A (en) * 1984-05-03 1987-01-13 Ab Asea-Atom Electrode for electrochemical measurements in aqueous solutions of high temperatures
US4828673A (en) * 1987-03-09 1989-05-09 Yokogawa Electric Corporation Apparatus for measuring combustible gas concentration in flue gas
US5332449A (en) * 1991-10-28 1994-07-26 Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. Immersion sensor for molten metals
US5480523A (en) * 1992-03-24 1996-01-02 Pilkington Plc Method of using oxygen measuring probe
US5611901A (en) * 1992-03-24 1997-03-18 Pilkington Plc Oxygen measuring probe
US5792329A (en) * 1995-04-12 1998-08-11 Heraeus Electro-Nite International, N.V. Apparatus to measure an electro-chemical activity
US20060096861A1 (en) * 2002-11-26 2006-05-11 Wilhelm Merkens Probe for determination of oxygen activity in metal melts and methods for its production
US7578913B2 (en) 2002-11-26 2009-08-25 Specialty Minerals (Michigan) Inc. Probe for determination of oxygen activity in metal melts and methods for its production
DE10310387B3 (de) * 2003-03-07 2004-07-22 Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. Messeinrichtung zur Bestimmung der Sauerstoffaktivität in Metall- oder Schlackeschmelzen
US7141151B2 (en) * 2003-03-07 2006-11-28 Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. Measurement device for determining oxygen activity in molten metal or slag
US20040173473A1 (en) * 2003-03-07 2004-09-09 Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. Measurement device for determining oxygen activity in molten metal or slag
EP1593963A1 (de) 2004-05-05 2005-11-09 Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. Messeinrichtung zur Bestimmung der Sauerstoffaktivität in Metall- oder Schlackeschmelzen
US20050247575A1 (en) * 2004-05-05 2005-11-10 Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. Measurement device for determining oxygen activity in metal or slag melts
DE102004022763B3 (de) * 2004-05-05 2005-09-15 Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. Messeinrichtung zur Bestimmung der Sauerstoffaktivität in Metall- oder Schlackeschmelzen
US7169274B2 (en) 2004-05-05 2007-01-30 Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. Measurement device for determining oxygen activity in metal or slag melts
US20100018348A1 (en) * 2007-01-22 2010-01-28 Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. Method for Influencing the Properties of Cast Iron, and Oxygen Sensor
CN102944601A (zh) * 2007-01-22 2013-02-27 贺利氏电子耐特国际股份公司 用于测量铸铁熔体中的氧含量的传感器
US8449741B2 (en) 2007-01-22 2013-05-28 Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. Method for influencing the properties of cast iron, and oxygen sensor
US8557176B2 (en) 2007-01-22 2013-10-15 Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. Method for influencing the properties of cast iron
DE102012002027A1 (de) 2012-02-03 2013-08-08 Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. Messeinrichtung zur Bestimmung der Sauerstoffaktivität in Metall- oder Schlackeschmelzen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1798307A1 (de) 1972-02-24
FR1582347A (en)) 1969-09-26
DE1798307C3 (de) 1973-09-20
GB1232487A (en)) 1971-05-19
SE322927B (en)) 1970-04-20
DE1798307B2 (de) 1973-03-01

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3578578A (en) Measuring means for measuring the exygen content in liquid and gaseous media
US3619381A (en) Determining oxygen content of materials
US3773641A (en) Means for determining the oxygen content of liquid metals
US4356065A (en) Polarographic oxygen concentration sensor and method of determining oxygen content in the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine
DE1300709B (de) Vorrichtung zur Ermittlung der Sauerstoffaktivitaet von in fluessigem Zustand befindlichen Metallen, insbesondere Eisen
US3403090A (en) Vessel for measuring oxygen content of a molten metal
SE445679B (sv) Elektrokemisk metgivare for bestemning av syrehalten i gaser samt forfarande for dess framstellning
EP0208072B1 (en) Determination of silicon in molten metal
JPS6147376B2 (en))
US4406754A (en) Method and probe for the rapid determination of sulfur level
US3752753A (en) Method of fabricating a sensor for the determination of the oxygen content of liquid metals
GB1491924A (en) Apparatus for the continuous measurement of the oxygen content of molten copper or alloys thereof
US3661749A (en) Apparatus for measuring in a continuous manner the oxygen in a molten metal
US3359188A (en) Methods and apparatus for determining the oxygen activity of molten metals, metal oxides and slags
KR860000558A (ko) 용융금속에서 현탁미립자의 검출 및 측정장치와 그 방법
US5596134A (en) Continuous oxygen content monitor
US3809639A (en) Solid electrolyte compact for probe used in quantitative determination of gas dissolved in molten metal
JPS6061654A (ja) 酸素・可燃ガス分圧測定方法及び装置
US4295939A (en) Method and device for detecting a gaseous anhydride in an oxygen bearing gas
Weyl et al. Sensors based on new oxide electrolyte and oxygen reference materials for on‐line measurements in steel melts
US4238308A (en) Device for monitoring a component in a fluid mixture
EP0679252B1 (en) Sensors for the analysis of molten metals
Fitterer et al. Oxygen in Steel Refining as Determined by Solid Electrolyte Techniques
JP3571861B2 (ja) Ｓｏｘ ガスセンサ及びその製造方法
JPH0114534B2 (en))