US3558310A - Method for producing a graphic image - Google Patents

Method for producing a graphic image Download PDF

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US3558310A
US3558310A US626752A US3558310DA US3558310A US 3558310 A US3558310 A US 3558310A US 626752 A US626752 A US 626752A US 3558310D A US3558310D A US 3558310DA US 3558310 A US3558310 A US 3558310A
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overcoating
graphic image
stencil
light
film
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Edith E Mayaud
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RCA Licensing Corp
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RCA Corp
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Assigned to RCA LICENSING CORPORATION, TWO INDEPENDENCE WAY, PRINCETON, NJ 08540, A CORP. OF DE reassignment RCA LICENSING CORPORATION, TWO INDEPENDENCE WAY, PRINCETON, NJ 08540, A CORP. OF DE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: RCA CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/20—Manufacture of screens on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted or stored; Applying coatings to the vessel
    • H01J9/22—Applying luminescent coatings
    • H01J9/227—Applying luminescent coatings with luminescent material discontinuously arranged, e.g. in dots or lines
    • H01J9/2271—Applying luminescent coatings with luminescent material discontinuously arranged, e.g. in dots or lines by photographic processes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/02—Electrodes; Screens; Mounting, supporting, spacing or insulating thereof
    • H01J29/10—Screens on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted or stored
    • H01J29/18—Luminescent screens
    • H01J29/187—Luminescent screens screens with more than one luminescent material (as mixtures for the treatment of the screens)
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/02—Electrodes; Screens; Mounting, supporting, spacing or insulating thereof
    • H01J29/10—Screens on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted or stored
    • H01J29/18—Luminescent screens
    • H01J29/24—Supports for luminescent material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/20—Manufacture of screens on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted or stored; Applying coatings to the vessel
    • H01J9/22—Applying luminescent coatings
    • H01J9/221—Applying luminescent coatings in continuous layers

Definitions

  • the method may be used particularly to produce a light-absorbing matrix on the faceplate of a color television picture tube.
  • a negativeacting photoresist may be used to produce a positive graphic image; or a positive-acting photoresist may be used to produce a negative graphic image.
  • Color television picture tubes which include a lightabsorbing matrix as a part of the luminescent screen structure have been described previously; for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,842,697 to F. J. Bingley and 3,146,368 to J. P. Fiore et al. These patents describe color television picture tubes of the aperture mask type (also called shadow mask type) in which a light-absorbing matrix is located on the inner surface of the faceplate of the tube. In this structure, the matrix has a multiplicity of holes therein, each phosphor dot being concentric with one hole in the matrix.
  • a desirable photographic process for making a graphic image of pigment or dye is a process in which the pigment or dye is not mixed with the photosensitive material, and, therefore, does not affect the sensitivity of the photosensitive material.
  • the novel method comprises, irst, producing upon a supporting surface a stencil consisting essentially of uncoated areas of the surface and areas of the surface having adhered thereon a film consisting essentially of a polymeric material. This may be achieved photographically; for example, by coating the supporting surface with a lilm of a negative-acting photosensitive material, exposing the lilm to an image or pattern of radiant energy, and then developing the exposed coating in the usual way.
  • the stencil is overcoated with a composition that is adherent to the uncoated areas of the supporting surface.
  • the overcoating may include particles of a lightabsorbing material, such as graphite or carbon black.
  • the overcoating may also include a substance which enhances the adhesion of the light-absorbing material to the supporting surface.
  • colloidal silica may be included to improve the adherence of carbon black to a glass supporting surface.
  • this latter step may be carried out by applying to the overcoating an aqueous solution of an oxidizing agent, such as a solution of hydrogen peroxide or sodium hypochlorite.
  • an oxidizing agent such as a solution of hydrogen peroxide or sodium hypochlorite.
  • the solution penetrates the overcoating and causes the film beneath to swell and soften. -Further action by the solution causes the swelled and softened coating to degrade so that at least a portion of film comprising the stencil together with the overcoating thereover may be flushed away with Water.
  • a negative-acting photosensitive material is used to produce a positive graphic image.
  • many commercially practicaly negative-acting materials become available for producing a graphic image with image reversal.
  • a positive-acting photosensitive material may be used to produce a negative graphic image.
  • the material constituting the nal graphic image is not present during the photographic step.
  • the properties of the graphic image material (pigment or dye) and of the photosensitive material do not interfere with one another, and each material may be selected independently of the other.
  • the novel process does not require a compromise in the photographic speed of the photosensitive material, or in the resolution of the graphic image which is produced therewith, as in processes wherein the photosensitive material is mixed with the graphic image material.
  • the graphic image is adhered directly to the supporting surface, and not by way of a light-induced change in the photosensitive material. Hence, the adherence of the image to the surface may be optimized.
  • the graphic image never touches the support surface where it is protected by the photosensitive stencil, and therefore poor cleanup is prevented in areas where the graphic image material should not be deposited.
  • the process is adaptable to factory operations including conveyor techniques of continuous production, both because it may use conventional manipulation procedures and because it may use only commonly available water-based chemicals.
  • the method leaves only a relatively small residue of organic matter, it any, and this may be removed later by baking.
  • FIGS. 1 through 5 are fragmentary sectional views through the faceplate of a cathode ray tube for color television illustrating a sequence of steps for preparing a light-absorbing matrix on the inner surface of the faceplate by the novel method
  • FIG. 6 is a front view of a fragment of the faceplate of a picture tube for color television prepared by the method illustrated in FIGS. 1 through 5.
  • FIG. l illustrates several of the initial steps of the novel process toward preparing photographically an adherent stencil of a polymeric material through only one hole of an aperture mask.
  • the inner surface 21 of a faceplate 23 of a cathode ray tube is cleaned in the usual way and then coated with a film 25 of a clear photosensitve material.
  • the photosensitive material is a polymer, particularly a polyvinyl alcohol containing a soluble dichromate.
  • the photosensitive film is prepared by applying to the surface 21 a quantity of an aqueous solution comprised of about 2 weight percent polyvinyl alcohol (E, I.
  • the faceplate 23 is rotated and tilted so that the solution spreads evenly over the surface 21. During the latter stages of the rotation, infrared heat is applied so that the water in the solution evaporates and the lm 25 is dried.
  • film is used herein to describe a layer which is substantially free of cracks that extend through the thickness of the film.
  • an aperture mask 27 is positioned above the film 25 and the assembly is placed in a lighthouse (not shown).
  • a lighthouse is an apparatus designed to expose the photosensitive coating on the faceplate with a pattern of ultraviolet light in the correct positions and dimensions, as is well known in the art of color picture tube making.
  • a suitable lighthouse is described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,885,935 to D. W. Epstein et al.
  • the mask 27 has circular apertures 35 with a diameter of approximately 11 mils and a center-to-center spacing between apertures of about 22 mils near the center of the mask. The apertures are slightly reduced in size and increased in spacing in progressing from the center toward the edge of the mask.
  • the light source 29 is a Westinghouse 100 watt EM 4 projector flood lamp positioned at about inches from the aperture mask. Light from the lamp is passed through a near ultraviolet (about 3650 A.) filter and collimator (not shown). The duration of the exposure is about 45 seconds.
  • the collimated light rays whose direction is indicated by the arrow 31, are incident upon the aperture mask 27 causing beamlets 33 of light to pass through the apertures 35 in the mask 27.
  • the beam-y lets 33 which pass through the apertures 35 cause areas 36 of the film to harden (i.e. becomes insoluble in water) in substantially the identical shape and size as the projected cone of light falling through the apertures in the mask 27.
  • areas 36 of the film to harden (i.e. becomes insoluble in water) in substantially the identical shape and size as the projected cone of light falling through the apertures in the mask 27.
  • the exposure through the mask 27 is repeated three times, each time with the light rays incident at a slightly different angle, so that the beamlets 33 harden the coating in groups of three, as in the usual method of shadow mask screen manufacture.
  • the beamlet 34 and the margins thereof 34a indicate a second exposure of the lm 25 of collimated light from a light source 29 (whose direction is indicated by the arrow 31').
  • there are three hardened circular areas or dots 36 each about 13 mils in diameter in the film 25 for each aperture 35 in the mask 27.
  • Each circular area has a graded hardening about 2 mils wide around its periphery.
  • the assembly is removed from the lighthouse and the mask 27 is separated from the faceplate 23.
  • the exposed coating 25 is subjected to flushing with a forced spray of water for about 30 seconds, after which the faceplate 23 is washed with water and then drained.
  • the faceplate surface 21 carries an adherent stencil comprised of open areas 37 and dots 36 of a hardened polymeric film 25 coated on the surface 21.
  • the dots 36 are about l1 mils in diameter. This slight reduction from the diameter (of about 13 mils) of the hardened areas results from the dissolution of the extreme edge of the circular areas which are only slightly hardened during exposure.
  • the stencil is now overcoated with a composition 39 comprised of light-absorbing pigment particles, as illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • the overcoating 39 is produced by applying to the stencil a slurry containing about 4.0 weight percent of colloidal graphite in water and then drying the layer of residual material. It is desirable to include a trace of a wetting agent in the slurry in order to facilitate the spreading of the graphite slurry over the stencil.
  • the overcoating 39 is dried thoroughly for about 1.5 minutes with the aid of infrared heat. After cooling, the overcoating 39 is ⁇ well adhered both to the dots 36 and to the part of the surface 21 exposedby the open areas 37 of the stencil.
  • the overcoating 39 is wetted with water and drained. Then, before drying, a chemically-digestive ⁇ agent for the dots 36 is applied to the overcoating 39.
  • the digestive agent is an aqueous solution containing about 35 weight percent hydrogen peroxide. If desired, this solution may be applied to the overcoating 39 as a spray -under pressure. The hydrogen peroxide solution penetrates the overcoating 39 and the dots 36, causing the hardened polyvinyl alcohol of the dots 36 to swell and soften.
  • the product at this point is a light-absorbing (black) matrix 41 having a multiplicity of circular holes 43 therethrough about 11 mils in diameter.
  • the light-absorbing (black) matrix 41 is now rinsed with water and dried for about 4 minutes with the aid of infrared heat. Then, the faceplate 23 is processed in the usual Way to deposit red-emitting phosphor dots R, greenemitting phosphor dots G and :blue-emitting phosphor dots B about 13 mils in diameter over the holes 41 by the usual photographic technique using the same aperture mask 27 as a photographic master in the process. It will be noted that the phosphor dots are somewhat larger than the holes 35 in the aperture mask 27 As pointed out above, the spreading of the light of -the beamlets 33 causes a somewhat larger area to harden. By increasing the exposure time, the hardened areas are not substantially reduced in diameter during the subsequent rinsing steps.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show the matrix 41 with the holes 43 therein and the phosphor dots R, G and B Ibeing substantially concentric therewith.
  • a suitable process for depositing phosphor dots is described in an article entitled Color-Television Screening by the lSlurry Process by T. A. Saulnier, Jr., in Electrochemical Technology, 4, 27-31 (1966).
  • the luminescent screen structure may now be processed in the usual way to apply a reflective metal layer on top of the phosphor dots and the black matrix 41.
  • the screen structure is baked and assembled with the aperture mask 27 into a cathode ray tube in the usual way.
  • a suitable process for filming and aluminizing is described in an article entitled Emulsion Filming for Color Television Screens by T. A. Saulnier, Jr. in Electrochemical Technology, 4, 31-34, (1966).
  • Example 1 The particular steps described above in Example 1 may be varied within limits and still fall 'within the scope of the invention. Obviously, the process may be applied -to producing graphic images on other supports, and for other purposes than those described in Example l. For instance, the process may be used for producing a resist pattern upon a surface of a semiconductor body as an intermediate step in producing integrated circuits in electronics.
  • the photosensitive material- is produced by coating the substrate with a solution of polyvinyl alcohol containing a small amount of ammonium dichromate.
  • ammonium dichromate one may use sodium dichromate, potassium dichromate, soluble salts of metals such as iron and mercury, and also organic photosensitizers for water-based photosensitive material, such as diazo compounds.
  • polyvinyl alcohol other polymeric photopolymers may be used.
  • suitable hydrophilic (waterbased) materials which can be made photosensitive are proteins such as gelatin, albumin, lsh glue, carbohydrates such as gum arabic and starch; ⁇ and synthetic materials such as polyvinyl pyrolidone, and certain acrylic acid derivatives.
  • multifunctional water-soluble polymers containing reactive groups, such as -OH, COOH, NH2, -CO, singly or in combination may be Iused. Mixtures of these materials may also be used.
  • solvent-based photosensitive materials are polyvinyl methyl ketone, KPR and KMER (available from Kodak, Rochester, N.Y.) laminated polystyrene, and hydroxy esters of polyacrylates. Hydrophilic materials are preferred, at least because there are a large number of aqueous solutions that can be used in the subsequent steps of graphic image development. Solvent-based photosensitive materials are not as readily attacked by aqueous solutions. Suitable reagents for the graphic image development of solvent-:based photosensitive materials are acids, bases, and commercial strippers.
  • the photosensitive material form a smooth, unbroken and uncrazed layer, since this will produce the sharpest, cleanest graphic images.
  • the photosensitive material be filmforming either directly upon deposition or during a heating step subsequent to deposition.
  • the film-forming temperature can be tailored by adjusting the relative proportions of ingredients constituting the photosensitive material.
  • the resistance of the stencil to the erosive action of the graphic image developer or pattern diminution agent may be adjusted, if desired, by including in the photosensitive material a small amount of a less Water-sensitive polymer. if the photosensitive material is principally a hydrophilic polymer. For example, where the photopolymer is principally polyvinyl alcohol, it is preferred to include a small amount of an acrylic polymer or copolymer. The proportion of acryic polymer may be up to about 100% of the proportion of polyvinyl alcohol present in the coating.
  • the photosensitive material may be of the type which is insolubilized when exposed to energy in the form of rays of either light or electrons. Such photosensitive materials are referred to herein as negative-acting. Instead, one may use a photosensitive material of the type which is solubilized when exposed to radiant energy. This latter type of photosensitive material is referred to herein as positiveacting.
  • the photographic master-Any pattern form may be used as a photographic master for exposing the photoresist coating.
  • conventional silver halide images may be used either by projection or contact printing.
  • one may also use an electron beam exposure whereby the electron beam traces out the pattern by conventional scanning techniques yvithout the use of a photographic master.
  • a mask may be used between the electron gun and the screen.
  • the aperture mask of the tube is used as a photographic master for exposing the photosensitive coating. In that case, the light source is placed at three separate locations in order to produce three separate exposures on the coating, each at a different location.
  • the aperture mask or other master may be used to produce only one, or two, or more than three exposures for the same coating.
  • the shape and size of the apertures in the aperture mask is not critical.
  • the photoexposure--The photosensitive material is exposed to a pattern of energy rays in the range and of the type to which the photosensitive material is sensiitve. Where dichromated polyvinyl alcohol is the photosensitive material, radiant energy in the form of electron beams or as light in the blue and ultraviolet range of the spectrum may be used. Where a contact master is used, one may use a ood exposure. Where the exposure is by projection of an image, a small diameter source is preferred.
  • the exposed photoresist coating is developed Iin the manner of the use for that material.
  • the development is carried out by ilushing the surface of the coating with water or with other suitable solvent for the unexposed, still soluble resist. With other resists, the same or other solvents may be used.
  • Stencil diminution- This step is entirely optional in the process and is used only in the situation where it is desired to produce the same pattern as the master but that the graphic image should have smaller unprinted areas therein. This step is omitted from the process described in Example 4l, but may be included if it is desired.
  • cathode ray tubes of the shadow mask type the desirability of this graphic image change has been explained in the prior art.
  • useful cathode ray tubes of this type can be made without any alteration .in the master; that is, the light-absorbing matrix (graphic image) has substantially the identical shape as the master, but has a different pattern size.
  • One of the adyantages of novel method described herein is that graphic image size can be altered conveniently and conrtollably.
  • the stencil When stencil diminuation is desired, the stencil is treated with an aqueous solution of a chemically-digestive agent.
  • the effect of the digestive agent is to erode the edges of the coating constituting the stencil in a controlled manner.
  • the amount of erosion (and hence the size of the printed areas in the 'final graphic image) is a function of the concentration of the digestive agent applied, the duration of treatment with the digestive agent, and the duration of the exposure used to produce the stencil. Since the diminution must be carefully controlled, it is preferred to use dilute solutions so that the rate of reaction which causes the diminution can be carefully controlled and so that the diminution occurs only at the edges of the stencil coating.
  • dilute solutions of the following agents may be used: hydrogen peroxide, alkali hypochlorites and alkali perborates.
  • the image stencil diminution agent is chosen so as to achieve stencil diminution without impairing the adherence of the stencil to the substrate.
  • the preferred agents are acidic or neutral, since alkaline materials tend to destroy stencil adherence to glass. Extremes in pH are in general to be avoided.
  • dilute is meant that type of solution whose rate of reaction is relatively slow and controllable.
  • the exact percentage of chemically digestive agent used will vary among the agents.
  • lby dilute is meant solutions containing between 0.1 and 16 weight percent of hydrogen peroxide.
  • the rate of stencil diminution varies inversely with the time of exposure used to produce the stencil. Overexposure of the dot may prevent diminution from taking place in a regular and well-controlled manner because overexposure may cause a hard inert cap to form the surface of the coating. Prolonged treatment with the digestive agent has little additional effect on this inert cap.
  • overdrying of the photosensitive coating (either by over-extended drying time or by using high temperatures) before exposure may produce a similar inert cap. A similar inert cap may form by overdrying the stencil. It is preferred in preparing the photosensitive coating and the stencil, to use a minimum amount of heat in drying.
  • the intensity of the exposure is preferably fairly uniform at the center portion of the coated areas of the stencil and drops off as the edge of the image is approached.
  • the stencil diminution progresses relatively rapidly at the outset of development since the photoresist has a minimal exposure at the edges (and therefore is less insolubilized) and then decreases in rate as diminution proceeds due to the increased exposure toward the center of the coating (and therefore is more insolubilized).
  • the overcoating- The overcoating ⁇ may be of any material which is adherent to the support surface.
  • the overcoating may include a pigment or dye. Where it is desired to produce a light-absorbing matrix for a cathode ray tube, it is preferred to include in the overcoating a relatively high loading of a dark pigment.
  • the pigment is preferably elemental carbon in the form of carbon black, acetylene black, or graphite. Other black pigments that may ⁇ be used are silver sulfide, iron oxide, lead sulfide, ferrites, and manganese dioxide.
  • the novel method may be used to deposit black, white or colored pigments, resins, and dyes, where such are desired in the graphic image.
  • the overcoating must make a bond to the supporting surface that will resist the subsequent processing such as removing the image stencil and depositing the phosphor dots.
  • some materials such as some commercially available dispersions of graphite in water, the graphite upon drying makes a bond to a glass faceplate which is adequate.
  • it may be necessary to include a small amount of a binder in the overcoating such that the dry overcoating develops a bond to the supporting surface through the use of the binder.
  • a colloidal silica was the most satisfactory binder for lamp black and acetylene black.
  • a colloidal silica with respect to the percent pigment present also produces a strong bond to the glass faceplate, especially where a small amount of ammonium dichromate is also present.
  • alkali silicates may also be used as the binder.
  • the overcoating may consist of a clear or dyed material which one may look upon as substantially entirely binder.
  • the pigment must be deposited in sufficient density to develop the necessary opacity for this purpose.
  • the pigment should be deposited in a weight of 0.2 to 2.0 mg./cm.2 of
  • the overcoating should also be permeable to and substantially unaffected by the graphic image developer, which must swell or erode or dissolve at least a part of the image stencil. Where the overcoating is entirely particles, it is necessarily permeable. Where the overcoating is partly or entirely a binder, the overcoating may be permeable by nature or may be made permeable by crazing the overcoating.
  • the bond between the supporting surface and the overcoating is preferably an inorganic one, and which is not substantially attacked by the graphic image developer.
  • the overcoating-supporting surface bond is both inert to the attack of the graphic image developer, and is adherent to the supporting surface, it is possible to develop the graphic image after softening with a high pressure spray of water, without any alteration of the pattern due to localized over-development.
  • appreciable amounts of organic material may be incorporated in the overcoating, provided that the overcoating is not so attacked by the graphic image developer that there is an appreciable loss of adherence to the supporting surface.
  • Graphic image development-Any subsance that dissolves or degrades the polymeric material of the stencil into soluble, partially-soluble, or volatile fragments and leaves the overcoating substantially unattacked may be used for developing the graphic image.
  • the graphic image may be developed by baking the overcoating in an oxygen-containing atmosphere so that the polymer of the stencil is volatilized. Then, the overcoating is washed as with water. This causes the overlying overcoating to be flushed away in the areas which, previous to bake out, had the hardened areas of the image stencil on them, but leaves behind overcoating in areas not previously covered by the hardened areas of the image stencil.
  • the preferred method for graphic image development is to apply to the overcoating an aqueous solution of an oxidizing agent in a concentration sufficiently high such that rapid penetration of the overcoating and softening of the stencil occurs.
  • the stencil softens rapidly with aqueous hydrogen peroxide solutions having a concentration of 35% or higher.
  • aqueous solutions of the following may also be used: nitric acid, sodium peroxide, or other alkali peroxides, perchloric acid or alkali perchlorates, hydrofiorous acid, alkali hypochlorites, peractice acid, alkali borates, alkali perborates, sodium hydroxides and certain enzymes.
  • the graphic image developer solution is chosen so that it will not substantially decrease the adherence of the matrix overcoating to the substrate.
  • the time and temperature for carrying out the graphic image development is not critical, especially in view of the fact that it depends only on the removal of the polymeric material of the stencil.
  • too fast a development may result in disruption of the overcoating, and too slow a development may result in the weakening of the bond between the overcoating and the support surface.
  • the optimum time and temperature for image development is empirically determined.
  • Image development may also be carriedout with nonaqueous reagents and mixtures of lsolvents and waterbased reagents.
  • Example 2 follows the procedure described in Example l except use for the overcoating composition an aqueous suspension containing 10% acetylene black, 1% collodial silica, 0.6% ammonium dichromate, 0.01% surfactant; and carry out the graphic image development using 35% hydrogen peroxide solution in water. Allow the peroxide solution to remain on the overcoating for a few minutes and then pour off the solution and flush the overcoating with water for about 30 seconds.
  • Example 3 Clean the inner surface of the faceplate of a cathode ray tube in the usual way and then coat thereon a thin layer comprised of 0.2% polyvinyl alcohol dissolved in Water. Then, coat and dry the inner surface with a mixture of 1% polyvinyl alcohol, 1% methyl methacrylate resin emulsion (Rhom and Haas Code B 85, Philadelphia, Pa.) and 0.1% ammonium. dichromate in water. The layer is produced by slurry coating and drying as explained in Example 1. Then, expose the sensitized layer through an aperture mask and develop the exposed layer as described in Example 1 to produce a stencil. Next, apply an aqueous suspension containing 4% colloidal graphite to the stencil and dry for 1.5 minutes with heat to produce an overcoating.
  • aqueous suspension containing 4% colloidal graphite to the stencil and dry for 1.5 minutes with heat to produce an overcoating.
  • Example 4 Clean the inner surface of the faceplate of a cathode ray tube in the usual way and then coat thereon a layer of an acrylic coating (for example EXM 65051, available from the Glidden Co., Cleveland, Ohio) and cure the layer minutes at 175 C. Then apply a coat of 3% bone gelatin containing 0.9% ammonium dichromate dissolved in water by slurry coating and drying as explained in Example l. Then expose the sensitized coating through an aperture mask and, using warm water, develop the exposed layer as described in Example 1 to produce a stencil. Next, apply an aqueous suspension containing 2% colloidal graphite in 1 part of water to 1 part alcohol to the stencil by spraying it. Allow the overcoating to dry.
  • an acrylic coating for example EXM 65051, available from the Glidden Co., Cleveland, Ohio
  • a method for producing a luminescent screen structure of a cathode day tube comprising: l
  • said overcoating composition is comprised of solid particles and a binder therefor, said binder being adherent to said supporting surface.
  • step (c) 4. The method defined in claim 1, wherein both the coating composition and the overcoating composition are waterbased, and the removal of film regions in step (c) is carried out by the flushing with water.
  • step (d) applying to said retained regions a solution of a chemically-digestive agent therefor, whereby the edges of said retained film regions are dissolved progressively without substantially dissolving the remainder of said retained film regions.
  • a method for producing a luminescent screen structure of a cathode ray tube comprising:
  • step (e) includes applying to said overcoating an aqueous solution of an oxidizing agent whereby said film regions thereunder swell and softens, and step (f) includes flushing away with water the softened film regions and the overcoating overlying said softened film regions.
  • step (a) said coating composition consists essentially of a dichromated polyvinyl alcohol; step (e) includes applying to said overcoating an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution whereby said film thereunder swells and softens; and step (f) includes flushing away the softened overcoating with water.
  • step (d) applying to said retained film regions a solution of chemically-digestive agent to dissolve selectively only marginal portions of the retained film regions.
  • polyvinyl alcohol 11. The method defined in claim 10 wherein said pigment particles are graphite particles.
  • the method dened in claim 10 including, prior to (b) exposing said lm to a light image produced by light projected through said aperture mask until the solubility of the irradiated portions of said lm is step (d), applying to said retained film regions an aqueous selectively lowered, thereby producing in said film solution containing at least one of hydrogen peroxide, an regions of greater solubility and regions of lesser alkali perchlorate, an alkali hypochlorite and an alkali solubility, 10 perborate, to dissolve selectively only the marginal por- (c) rinsing said surface with water to remove said tions of said retained film regions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Formation Of Various Coating Films On Cathode Ray Tubes And Lamps (AREA)
  • Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
  • Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
  • Photosensitive Polymer And Photoresist Processing (AREA)
  • Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
US626752A 1967-03-29 1967-03-29 Method for producing a graphic image Expired - Lifetime US3558310A (en)

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BE (1) BE713007A (es)
DE (1) DE1771076C3 (es)
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FR (1) FR1563268A (es)
GB (1) GB1180195A (es)
NL (1) NL6804370A (es)
SE (1) SE330661B (es)

Cited By (64)

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US3658530A (en) * 1970-05-28 1972-04-25 Sylvania Electric Prod Process for forming an opaque interstitial web in a color crt screen structure
US3778266A (en) * 1969-07-31 1973-12-11 Victor Co Ltd Method of forming a black patterned portion on a phosphor screen of a cathode-ray tube for color television sets
US3837885A (en) * 1970-08-14 1974-09-24 Philco Ford Corp Cathode ray tube manufacture
US3837944A (en) * 1972-09-01 1974-09-24 Nat Starch Chem Corp Selective etching of metal oxides of tin or indium
US3853560A (en) * 1970-07-11 1974-12-10 Sony Corp Method of making an electron sensitive mosaic color screen
US3917794A (en) * 1972-01-26 1975-11-04 Hitachi Ltd Method of pattern formation
DE2617684A1 (de) * 1975-04-23 1976-11-04 Rca Corp Druckverfahren fuer die herstellung einer photomaske
US3992207A (en) * 1974-03-11 1976-11-16 U.S. Philips Corporation Method of manufacturing a cathode-ray tube for the display of colored images
US3998638A (en) * 1975-05-22 1976-12-21 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Method of developing opaquely coated sensitized matrix with a solution containing sodium meta-silicate
US4028114A (en) * 1974-03-12 1977-06-07 International Standard Electric Corporation Photochemical system for coating the luminescent screen of a color television picture tube
US4066924A (en) * 1974-05-22 1978-01-03 General Electric Company Screen for slotted aperture mask color television picture tube
US4086090A (en) * 1973-07-25 1978-04-25 Hitachi, Ltd. Formation of pattern using acrylamide-diacetoneacrylamide copolymer
JPS53145554A (en) * 1977-05-25 1978-12-18 Rca Corp Method of producing display surface structure for crt
US4165396A (en) * 1978-06-19 1979-08-21 Rca Corporation Method for salvaging the light-absorbing matrix and support of a luminescent screen
US4217520A (en) * 1978-08-30 1980-08-12 Zenith Radio Corporation Image display faceplate having a chromatic matrix
US4234669A (en) * 1979-03-27 1980-11-18 Rca Corporation CRT Screen structure produced by photographic method
US4248947A (en) * 1976-12-01 1981-02-03 Hitachi, Ltd. Method for master pattern production
US4251610A (en) * 1979-11-02 1981-02-17 Tektronix, Inc. Method of making multicolor CRT display screen with minimal phosphor contamination
US4255504A (en) * 1979-07-23 1981-03-10 Rca Corporation Method for producing CRT screen structure
US4263384A (en) * 1978-09-29 1981-04-21 Hitachi, Ltd. Method of forming fluorescent screens of color picture tubes
DE3146753A1 (de) * 1980-11-26 1982-10-14 William Walter 14624 Rochester N.Y. Cousins Verfahren zur herstellung eines photomechanischen farbbildes unter verwendung einer abziehbaren photoschablone und wasserdurchlaessigen, wasserunloeslichen farbmitteln
US4408851A (en) * 1982-05-19 1983-10-11 Rca Corporation Photographic method for printing a viewing-screen structure using a light-transmission filter
US4498779A (en) * 1979-01-10 1985-02-12 Rca Corporation Automatic stripe width reader
US4501806A (en) * 1982-09-01 1985-02-26 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Method for forming pattern and photoresist used therein
EP0135234A2 (en) * 1983-08-24 1985-03-27 North American Philips Corporation A negative-working photoresist composition for use on a polymethyl methacrylate surface
US4517224A (en) * 1983-08-18 1985-05-14 Rca Corporation Method for removing a phosphor layer from a support surface
US4556820A (en) * 1983-12-27 1985-12-03 Rca Corporation Image display including a light-absorbing matrix of zinc-iron sulfide
US4556620A (en) * 1983-12-27 1985-12-03 Rca Corporation Image display including a light-absorbing matrix of zinc-iron sulfide and method of preparation
US4572880A (en) * 1978-10-25 1986-02-25 Hitachi, Ltd. Method of manufacturing fluorescent screens
US4647519A (en) * 1983-08-24 1987-03-03 North American Philips Consumer Electronics Corp. Negative-working photoresist method of making rear-projection television screen viewing surface
US4652462A (en) * 1984-08-08 1987-03-24 Hitachi, Ltd. Method of producing phosphor screen of color picture tube
US4670296A (en) * 1983-10-31 1987-06-02 Sony Corporation Method for producing a phosphor screen of a cathode ray tube
US4682075A (en) * 1985-12-19 1987-07-21 Rca Corporation Image display including improved light-absorbing matrix
US4746588A (en) * 1985-11-25 1988-05-24 Rca Corporation Method for preparing a photosensitive film on a glass surface
US4778738A (en) * 1986-08-14 1988-10-18 RCA Licensing Method for producing a luminescent viewing screen in a focus mask cathode-ray tube
US4892023A (en) * 1985-04-16 1990-01-09 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic keyboard percussion instrument
US5028501A (en) * 1989-06-14 1991-07-02 Rca Licensing Corp. Method of manufacturing a luminescent screen assembly using a dry-powdered filming material
US5370952A (en) * 1993-12-22 1994-12-06 Rca Thomson Licensing Corp. Organic conductor for an electrophotographic screening process for a CRT
US5405722A (en) * 1993-12-22 1995-04-11 Rca Thomson Licensing Corp. Method for combined baking-out and sealing of an electrophotographically processed screen assembly for a cathode-ray tube
US5413885A (en) * 1993-12-22 1995-05-09 Rca Thompson Licensing Corp. Organic photoconductor for an electrophotographic screening process for a CRT
US5455133A (en) * 1994-08-30 1995-10-03 Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. Method of manufacturing a screen assembly having a planarizing layer
US5455132A (en) * 1994-05-27 1995-10-03 Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. method of electrophotographic phosphor deposition
US5474866A (en) * 1994-08-30 1995-12-12 Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. Method of manufacturing a luminescent screen for a CRT
US5474867A (en) * 1994-09-16 1995-12-12 Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. Method of manufacturing a luminescent screen for a CRT under ambient controls
US5477285A (en) * 1993-10-06 1995-12-19 Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. CRT developing apparatus
EP0696815A1 (en) 1994-08-08 1996-02-14 Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. CRT faceplate panel having coded marking and method of providing same
US5554468A (en) * 1995-04-27 1996-09-10 Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. CRT electrophotographic screening method using an organic photoconductive layer
US5807435A (en) * 1997-03-13 1998-09-15 Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. Spray module having shielding means and collecting means
US5902708A (en) * 1997-05-23 1999-05-11 Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. Method of electrophotographic phosphor deposition
US5925485A (en) * 1998-08-05 1999-07-20 Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. Method of manufacturing a phosphor screen for a CRT
US5928821A (en) * 1995-12-22 1999-07-27 Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. Method of manufacturing a phosphor screen for a CRT
US5994829A (en) * 1997-05-23 1999-11-30 Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. Color cathode-ray tube having phosphor elements deposited on an imperforate matrix border
WO1999066524A1 (en) * 1998-06-16 1999-12-23 Thomson Licensing S.A. Method of manufacturing a black matrix for a cathode-ray tube
US6007952A (en) * 1998-08-07 1999-12-28 Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. Apparatus and method of developing a latent charge image
US6013400A (en) * 1998-02-09 2000-01-11 Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. Method of manufacturing a luminescent screen assembly for a cathode-ray tube
US6187487B1 (en) 1997-09-08 2001-02-13 James Regis Matey Method of developing a latent charge image
US6300021B1 (en) 1999-06-14 2001-10-09 Thomson Licensing S.A. Bias shield and method of developing a latent charge image
US6326110B1 (en) 1999-08-23 2001-12-04 Thomson Licensing S.A. Humidity and temperature insensitive organic conductor for electrophotographic screening process
US6444380B1 (en) 2001-01-16 2002-09-03 Thomson Licensing S. A. Filming process for electrophotographic screen (EPS) formation
US20030065401A1 (en) * 2001-01-25 2003-04-03 Mark Amrich Textured surface having undercut micro recesses in a surface
US20030178387A1 (en) * 2001-01-25 2003-09-25 Mark Amrich Method for making a mesh-and-plate surgical implant
US20030194869A1 (en) * 2001-01-25 2003-10-16 Amrich Mark P. Method for producing undercut micro recesses in a surface, a surgical implant made thereby, and method for fixing an implant to bone
US6699951B2 (en) 2001-04-03 2004-03-02 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. Monomer and polymer for photoresist, photoresist composition, and phosphor layer composition for color cathode ray tube
US20080116468A1 (en) * 2006-11-22 2008-05-22 Gelcore Llc LED backlight using discrete RGB phosphors

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JPS5029308B1 (es) * 1970-07-11 1975-09-22
JPS5030991B1 (es) * 1970-10-13 1975-10-06
JPS5543225B2 (es) * 1971-10-05 1980-11-05
JPS57158922A (en) * 1981-03-27 1982-09-30 Hitachi Ltd Method for forming fluorescent screen of color picture tube
JPS57174826A (en) * 1981-04-20 1982-10-27 Hitachi Ltd Phosphor face forming method of color picture tube
DE3539572A1 (de) * 1985-11-08 1987-05-14 Licentia Gmbh Verfahren zum herstellen einer dunkel-matrix

Cited By (78)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3778266A (en) * 1969-07-31 1973-12-11 Victor Co Ltd Method of forming a black patterned portion on a phosphor screen of a cathode-ray tube for color television sets
US3658530A (en) * 1970-05-28 1972-04-25 Sylvania Electric Prod Process for forming an opaque interstitial web in a color crt screen structure
US3853560A (en) * 1970-07-11 1974-12-10 Sony Corp Method of making an electron sensitive mosaic color screen
US3837885A (en) * 1970-08-14 1974-09-24 Philco Ford Corp Cathode ray tube manufacture
US3917794A (en) * 1972-01-26 1975-11-04 Hitachi Ltd Method of pattern formation
US3837944A (en) * 1972-09-01 1974-09-24 Nat Starch Chem Corp Selective etching of metal oxides of tin or indium
US4086090A (en) * 1973-07-25 1978-04-25 Hitachi, Ltd. Formation of pattern using acrylamide-diacetoneacrylamide copolymer
US3992207A (en) * 1974-03-11 1976-11-16 U.S. Philips Corporation Method of manufacturing a cathode-ray tube for the display of colored images
US4028114A (en) * 1974-03-12 1977-06-07 International Standard Electric Corporation Photochemical system for coating the luminescent screen of a color television picture tube
US4066924A (en) * 1974-05-22 1978-01-03 General Electric Company Screen for slotted aperture mask color television picture tube
DE2661041C2 (es) * 1975-04-23 1989-07-13 Rca Licensing Corp., Princeton, N.J., Us
DE2617684A1 (de) * 1975-04-23 1976-11-04 Rca Corp Druckverfahren fuer die herstellung einer photomaske
US3998638A (en) * 1975-05-22 1976-12-21 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Method of developing opaquely coated sensitized matrix with a solution containing sodium meta-silicate
US4248947A (en) * 1976-12-01 1981-02-03 Hitachi, Ltd. Method for master pattern production
JPS53145554A (en) * 1977-05-25 1978-12-18 Rca Corp Method of producing display surface structure for crt
JPS5721224B2 (es) * 1977-05-25 1982-05-06
FR2392490A1 (fr) * 1977-05-25 1978-12-22 Rca Corp Perfectionnements apportes a la fabrication de structures d'ecran de tubes a rayons cathodiques
DE2924714A1 (de) * 1978-06-19 1979-12-20 Rca Corp Verfahren zur nacharbeitung der lichtabsorbierenden matrix und des traegers eines leuchtschirmes
US4165396A (en) * 1978-06-19 1979-08-21 Rca Corporation Method for salvaging the light-absorbing matrix and support of a luminescent screen
US4217520A (en) * 1978-08-30 1980-08-12 Zenith Radio Corporation Image display faceplate having a chromatic matrix
US4263384A (en) * 1978-09-29 1981-04-21 Hitachi, Ltd. Method of forming fluorescent screens of color picture tubes
US4572880A (en) * 1978-10-25 1986-02-25 Hitachi, Ltd. Method of manufacturing fluorescent screens
US4498779A (en) * 1979-01-10 1985-02-12 Rca Corporation Automatic stripe width reader
US4234669A (en) * 1979-03-27 1980-11-18 Rca Corporation CRT Screen structure produced by photographic method
US4255504A (en) * 1979-07-23 1981-03-10 Rca Corporation Method for producing CRT screen structure
US4251610A (en) * 1979-11-02 1981-02-17 Tektronix, Inc. Method of making multicolor CRT display screen with minimal phosphor contamination
US4355095A (en) * 1980-11-26 1982-10-19 Cousins William Walter Method for producing a photomechanical color image using a strippable photostencil and water-permeable, water-insoluble color media
DE3146753A1 (de) * 1980-11-26 1982-10-14 William Walter 14624 Rochester N.Y. Cousins Verfahren zur herstellung eines photomechanischen farbbildes unter verwendung einer abziehbaren photoschablone und wasserdurchlaessigen, wasserunloeslichen farbmitteln
US4408851A (en) * 1982-05-19 1983-10-11 Rca Corporation Photographic method for printing a viewing-screen structure using a light-transmission filter
US4501806A (en) * 1982-09-01 1985-02-26 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Method for forming pattern and photoresist used therein
US4517224A (en) * 1983-08-18 1985-05-14 Rca Corporation Method for removing a phosphor layer from a support surface
EP0135234A2 (en) * 1983-08-24 1985-03-27 North American Philips Corporation A negative-working photoresist composition for use on a polymethyl methacrylate surface
JPS6067937A (ja) * 1983-08-24 1985-04-18 ノース・アメリカン・フイリツプス・コンシユーマー・エレクトロニスク・コーポレーシヨン ネガチブ作用フオトレジスト組成物
US4556626A (en) * 1983-08-24 1985-12-03 North American Philips Consumer Electronics Corporation Negative-working dichromate photoresist composition, process for applying it to a polymethyl methacrylate surface, and article produced
JPH0766190B2 (ja) 1983-08-24 1995-07-19 ノ−ス・アメリカン・フィリップス・コンシュ−マ−・エレクトロニクス・コ−ポレ−ション ブラック光吸収マトリックスを形成する方法
US4647519A (en) * 1983-08-24 1987-03-03 North American Philips Consumer Electronics Corp. Negative-working photoresist method of making rear-projection television screen viewing surface
EP0135234A3 (en) * 1983-08-24 1987-05-13 North American Philips Consumer Electronics Corp. A negative-working photoresist composition for use on a polymethyl methacrylate surface
US4670296A (en) * 1983-10-31 1987-06-02 Sony Corporation Method for producing a phosphor screen of a cathode ray tube
US4556620A (en) * 1983-12-27 1985-12-03 Rca Corporation Image display including a light-absorbing matrix of zinc-iron sulfide and method of preparation
US4556820A (en) * 1983-12-27 1985-12-03 Rca Corporation Image display including a light-absorbing matrix of zinc-iron sulfide
US4652462A (en) * 1984-08-08 1987-03-24 Hitachi, Ltd. Method of producing phosphor screen of color picture tube
US4892023A (en) * 1985-04-16 1990-01-09 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic keyboard percussion instrument
US4746588A (en) * 1985-11-25 1988-05-24 Rca Corporation Method for preparing a photosensitive film on a glass surface
US4682075A (en) * 1985-12-19 1987-07-21 Rca Corporation Image display including improved light-absorbing matrix
US4778738A (en) * 1986-08-14 1988-10-18 RCA Licensing Method for producing a luminescent viewing screen in a focus mask cathode-ray tube
US5028501A (en) * 1989-06-14 1991-07-02 Rca Licensing Corp. Method of manufacturing a luminescent screen assembly using a dry-powdered filming material
US5477285A (en) * 1993-10-06 1995-12-19 Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. CRT developing apparatus
US5370952A (en) * 1993-12-22 1994-12-06 Rca Thomson Licensing Corp. Organic conductor for an electrophotographic screening process for a CRT
US5405722A (en) * 1993-12-22 1995-04-11 Rca Thomson Licensing Corp. Method for combined baking-out and sealing of an electrophotographically processed screen assembly for a cathode-ray tube
US5413885A (en) * 1993-12-22 1995-05-09 Rca Thompson Licensing Corp. Organic photoconductor for an electrophotographic screening process for a CRT
US5455132A (en) * 1994-05-27 1995-10-03 Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. method of electrophotographic phosphor deposition
EP0696815A1 (en) 1994-08-08 1996-02-14 Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. CRT faceplate panel having coded marking and method of providing same
US5744270A (en) * 1994-08-08 1998-04-28 Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. Coded marking on an interior surfaces of a CRT faceplate panel and method of making same
US5474866A (en) * 1994-08-30 1995-12-12 Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. Method of manufacturing a luminescent screen for a CRT
US5455133A (en) * 1994-08-30 1995-10-03 Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. Method of manufacturing a screen assembly having a planarizing layer
US5474867A (en) * 1994-09-16 1995-12-12 Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. Method of manufacturing a luminescent screen for a CRT under ambient controls
US5554468A (en) * 1995-04-27 1996-09-10 Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. CRT electrophotographic screening method using an organic photoconductive layer
US5928821A (en) * 1995-12-22 1999-07-27 Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. Method of manufacturing a phosphor screen for a CRT
US5807435A (en) * 1997-03-13 1998-09-15 Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. Spray module having shielding means and collecting means
US5902708A (en) * 1997-05-23 1999-05-11 Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. Method of electrophotographic phosphor deposition
US5994829A (en) * 1997-05-23 1999-11-30 Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. Color cathode-ray tube having phosphor elements deposited on an imperforate matrix border
US6187487B1 (en) 1997-09-08 2001-02-13 James Regis Matey Method of developing a latent charge image
US6013400A (en) * 1998-02-09 2000-01-11 Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. Method of manufacturing a luminescent screen assembly for a cathode-ray tube
WO1999066524A1 (en) * 1998-06-16 1999-12-23 Thomson Licensing S.A. Method of manufacturing a black matrix for a cathode-ray tube
US6037086A (en) * 1998-06-16 2000-03-14 Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc., Method of manufacturing a matrix for a cathode-ray tube
US5925485A (en) * 1998-08-05 1999-07-20 Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. Method of manufacturing a phosphor screen for a CRT
US6007952A (en) * 1998-08-07 1999-12-28 Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. Apparatus and method of developing a latent charge image
US6300021B1 (en) 1999-06-14 2001-10-09 Thomson Licensing S.A. Bias shield and method of developing a latent charge image
US6326110B1 (en) 1999-08-23 2001-12-04 Thomson Licensing S.A. Humidity and temperature insensitive organic conductor for electrophotographic screening process
US6444380B1 (en) 2001-01-16 2002-09-03 Thomson Licensing S. A. Filming process for electrophotographic screen (EPS) formation
US20030065401A1 (en) * 2001-01-25 2003-04-03 Mark Amrich Textured surface having undercut micro recesses in a surface
US20030178387A1 (en) * 2001-01-25 2003-09-25 Mark Amrich Method for making a mesh-and-plate surgical implant
US20030194869A1 (en) * 2001-01-25 2003-10-16 Amrich Mark P. Method for producing undercut micro recesses in a surface, a surgical implant made thereby, and method for fixing an implant to bone
US7018418B2 (en) 2001-01-25 2006-03-28 Tecomet, Inc. Textured surface having undercut micro recesses in a surface
US20060129161A1 (en) * 2001-01-25 2006-06-15 Tecomet, Inc. Textured surface having undercut micro recesses in a surface
US7850862B2 (en) 2001-01-25 2010-12-14 Tecomet Inc. Textured surface having undercut micro recesses in a surface
US6699951B2 (en) 2001-04-03 2004-03-02 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. Monomer and polymer for photoresist, photoresist composition, and phosphor layer composition for color cathode ray tube
US20080116468A1 (en) * 2006-11-22 2008-05-22 Gelcore Llc LED backlight using discrete RGB phosphors

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1771076A1 (de) 1971-04-01
GB1180195A (en) 1970-02-04
ES352038A1 (es) 1969-07-01
SE330661B (es) 1970-11-23
DE1771076B2 (de) 1972-09-28
DE1771076C3 (de) 1980-08-28
BE713007A (es) 1968-07-31
AT301635B (de) 1972-09-11
NL6804370A (es) 1968-09-30
FR1563268A (es) 1969-04-11

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