US3548462A - Process for the preparation of a fiber arrangement or strand composed of staple fibers for undergoing a subsequent high draft - Google Patents

Process for the preparation of a fiber arrangement or strand composed of staple fibers for undergoing a subsequent high draft Download PDF

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US3548462A
US3548462A US430255A US3548462DA US3548462A US 3548462 A US3548462 A US 3548462A US 430255 A US430255 A US 430255A US 3548462D A US3548462D A US 3548462DA US 3548462 A US3548462 A US 3548462A
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drafting
fiber
adhesive
band
fiber arrangement
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US430255A
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Werner Naegeli
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Pavena AG
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Pavena AG
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01H—SPINNING OR TWISTING
    • D01H5/00—Drafting machines or arrangements ; Threading of roving into drafting machine
    • D01H5/18—Drafting machines or arrangements without fallers or like pinned bars
    • D01H5/70—Constructional features of drafting elements
    • D01H5/72—Fibre-condensing guides
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2973—Particular cross section

Definitions

  • a stable band is formed from a fiber arrangement of staple fibers which, for instance, consist of a card web. The stable band can be subsequently subjected to a faultless high draft.
  • the stable band is formed in that the fiber arrangement of staple fibers is imbued with a liquid adhesive, such is then squeezed out and the fiber arrangement is condensed at all sides, with there undergoing a setting of the liquid adhesive after the aforementioned condensing operation of the fiber arrangement. Consequently, there is produced a compact stable band possessing a homogenous bonding and capable of being effectively drafted.
  • the present invention has reference to an improved process for the preparation of a fiber arrangement or strand composed of staple fibers for undergoing a subsequent high draft as well as having reference to an improved stable band produced according to the aforesaid process.
  • spinning-band denotes a conventional, non-twisted sliver or band, as such for example is produced by a carding engine, drawing frame, etc.
  • a stable band or sliver denotes a non-twisted band or sliver consisting of individual fibers mutually adhesively interconnected by a setting adhesive.
  • the fibers with water or weakly bonding substances-preferably with the plant glue dissolved in water 3,548,462 Patented Dec. 22, 1970 of the fibers themselves which are to be spunand thereafter to compact or consolidate such under high pressure between rolls.
  • the plant or vegetable glue binding the bast cells together is softened in the thus obtained moist band, and these cells can then be easily displaced towards one another while being drafted.
  • a primary object of the present invention is to provide the prerequisites for a new drafting technique in which, notwithstanding the performance of higher drafts, it is possible to dispense with such additional fiber guide means.
  • a more specific object of this invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of a fiber arrangement or strand composed of staple fibers which can undergo a subsequent high drafting operation without the use of fiber guide means, as well as to a new and improved stable band produced according to the inventive process.
  • Another important object of this invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of a fiber arrangement composed of stable fibers in order to produce a new and improved stable band which is capable of being subjected to extremely high drafts on a drafting arrangement which is considerably simpler in physical structure, specifically is devoid of fiber guide means between the pair of feed rollers and pair of delivery rollers, and thus produces with great efliciency a web of improved quality.
  • Still a further very noteworthy object of this invention has reference to the production of a new and improved stable band which can be easily transported and generally handled without damage, can undergo extremely high drafts on much simpler drafting arrangements, and can produce yarns of superior quality and at greater efiiciency than heretofore possible.
  • the inventive process for preparing a fiber arrangement or strand composed of staple fibers in order to place such in a condition for undergoing a subsequent high draft resides in the features that, the aforesaid fiber arrangement is imbued with a liquid adhesive which sets after the fiber arrangement is consolidated or compacted at all sides and bonds the fibers among themselves into a stabilized band or silver, in short into a so-called stable band. Furthermore, if desired this fiber arrangement can be subjected to drafting directly prior to imbuing with the liquid adhesive.
  • the soaked fiber arrangement advantageously has imparted to it a given cross-sectional configuration during compacting or consolidation at all sides, for example can be configured to be centrally symmetrical, such as quadrangular for instance.
  • the liquid adhesive such can be applied in the form of an adhesive solution or an adhesive disperson. More specifically, the soaking operation advantageusly is performed with an excess of liquid which is again squeezed-out in a pressure zone. Squeezing-out of such liquid adhesive takes place until there remains a content of 20% to 80% of the fiber weight.
  • the compression coming into effect in the pressure zone for the squeezing-out operation should be high. With the use of a pair of rollers the specific compression should amount to approximately 20 kg./cm. to 100 kg./cm.
  • the fiber arrangement can be soaked with an adhesive material of low concentration and squeezed-out while retaining larger quantities of the liquid. On the other hand, with the use of an adhesive material of higher concentration it is also possible to squeeze-out While retaining smaller quantities of liquid.
  • Setting or hardening of the adhesive can take place in the presence of heat, for example by the introduction of heat of vaporization in order to evaporate the solvent or by polymerization or polycondensation, if desired, with the action of heat.
  • soaking of the fiber arrangement or strand can take place by an adhesive which elastically bonds the fibers after setting.
  • an adhesive which has a small tendency to migrate during setting.
  • the liquid to be introduced can also have added thereto, singly or in combination, compatible dyes, bleaching chemicals, sizing agents, defoamers, Wetting agents, fungicides and so forth.
  • the stable band resulting from the previously described process essentially exhibits the following properties important for carrying out subsequent high drafting:
  • a transverse stabilization which imparts to the band a stable, centrally symmetrical form, for example rectangular or square.
  • the inventive stable band can be considered to possess lengthwise or longitudinal stability if there appears minimum elongation of such band upon being subjected to a drafting force.
  • the stable band can be considered to possess transverse stability if the band is stressed and the local appearing tensile forces are taken up as quickly as possible by the entire band and influence such as a unit.
  • the inventive stable band possesses a high density after the setting of the remaining liquid adhesive, which should be higher than 0.1 g./cm. Moreover, such possesses a high breaking length after setting of the remaining adhesive, preferably exceeding 500 meters.
  • the adhesive content after setting (solid content) amounts to between 0.1% and approximately 4.8% of the fiber weight.
  • the stable band possesses a high rigidity or bending strength which, while unimportant for drafting, in other respects is still advantageous.
  • the described stable band advantageously differs from conventional, non-twisted, carded or combed, also lubricated spinning bands possessing a breaking length of approximately 4-40 meters.
  • the liquid adhesive suitable for the present inventive process after setting or hardening must exhibit a sufficient surface adherence (adhesion) with respect to the fibers and a sufficient cohesion.
  • Suitable adhesive solutions coming under consideration for the purpose of the present invention are: starch and its derivatives, derivatives of cellulose, as for instance carboXymethyl-cellulose, cellulose-ether, etc., alginates, derivatives of albumines, synthetic resins, for instance melamine resins or formaldehyde, etc.
  • the adhesive can be employed in the form of an adhesive dispersion, as for example, a cellulose acetate.
  • a suitable selection is made among the adhesives in order to correspond to the above-mentioned features.
  • the elasticity of the adhesive bond can be accommodated to the existing conditions, in that for example agents which increase the elasticity of the adhesive bond are added to the adhesive in desired proportion.
  • a certain elasticity is desired in order to prevent premature destruction of the transverse stability, for example by the feed rolls of the drafting arrangement.
  • adhesive substances can be used, for instance the above-mentioned synthetic resins, by means of which it is possible to simultaneously produce a certain finishing effect. If, for example, mixtures of natural fibers and man-made fibers or mixtures of such among themselves should be processed, then it is possible to also use a combination of different adhesive substances accommodated to the individual components of the mixture.
  • the fiber arrangement or strand can be subjected to drafting directly prior to soaking in order to transform the fibers into a straightened and as parallelized condition as possible.
  • the adhesive substance is introduced in excess, first, in order to be able to control and vary the quantity of adhesive solution remaining in the band by adjusting the pressure conditions during condensing or consolidation and, further, to expel as much as possible air imbedded in the fiber arrangement and to achieve a homogeneous liquid distribution.
  • the mentioned lengthwise stabilization provides the further advantage that staple fibers can be drafted with drafting zone lengths which lie considerably above the length of the longest fibers, even without mechanical fiber guide means.
  • drafting zone lengths which lie considerably above the length of the longest fibers, even without mechanical fiber guide means.
  • the transverse stability is likewise of decisive importance for carrying out the subsequent high draft. Firstly because the favorable cross-sectional form is considerably maintained during the drafting operation. Additionally, the forces effective Within the cross-section resulting from individual fibers being subjected to the drafting force, are transmitted as quick as possible via the transverse bond to the stable band as a unit. Hence, the tensile forces which appear do not propagate themselves directly backwards, rather are taken over by the entire structure of the total stable band. As a result, there exists ideal conditions for faultless high drafting.
  • the high density is of importance insofar as it permits as large as possible fiber mass in the smallest cross-section to be delivered to a drafting arrangement, thereby resulting in larger drafts without endangering the twistingin of the marginal fibers.
  • the breaking length is a measure for the mutual strong bond of the fibers and can be very easily determined by measurements. Thus, in many practical cases the magnitude of the breaking length should be snfiicient as a criterium for judging the behavior of a stable band subjected to a high draft.
  • the achieved high rigidity or bending strength is of greater importance insofar as it permits automatic infeed and passage of the stable bands through the drafting arrangement.
  • breaking length and the lengthwise stability of the individual stable bands are decisive for the quality of the draft. Since percentually a relatively large fiber mass is withdrawn through the pair of delivery rollers of the drafting arrangement during small drafts the average drafting force should not be too high, and, thus, there should be employed a and a breaking length greater than 200 meters, in other words, values which generally lie beneath those given for high drafts. Naturally, breaking length and R can considerably vary above the given limits depending upon the adhesive material, staple length, and so forth.
  • the simultaneously achieved relatively high density of approximately 0.05 g./cm. and more and the therewith associated cross-sectional stabilization of the individual stable bands permits the formation of a compact, uniform, doubled fiber arrangement or strand, such likewise favorably affecting the drafting process.
  • Such type impregnated individual stable bands can be subjected to the action of heat prior to setting or harden- 7 ing of the adhesive substance, or setting can coincide with heat treatment, for example in the case of polymerizing adhesive substances.
  • the effect of the executed doubling is manifold.
  • First of all there is achieved the known compensation of the irregularities associated with the individual stable bands.
  • Furthermore, by virtue of the extremely good separation of the stable bands there occurs a mixing effect which has an equalizing effect with regard to the raw material as well as also for instance, for the undertaken dyeing.
  • different colors can also be mixed, as such for instance occurs with blends.
  • the distribution of the already set adhensive substance is further improved, this being of importance for reactivatable adhesive substances in the subsequent adhesive stage.
  • the more uniform web is then subjected to further soaking immediately after delivery from the drafting arrangement, and as a result of the initially described process stage there finaly appears the stable band destined to undergo a high draft.
  • the adhesive bond between the staple fibers is such that it will yield or rupture before destruction of the individual fibers.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an embodiment of apparatus for carrying-out the inventive process
  • FIG. 2 illustrates in cross-section a detail of the arrangement of FIG. 1, taken along the line IIII thereof;
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line III- III of FIG. 1, yet omitting the coresopnding rolls for clarity of illustration;
  • PG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a cros-sectional view taken along the line V-V of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VIVI of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 7 is a force-elongation diagram for different staple fiber bands.
  • a suitable prepared fiber arrangement or strand V is subjected to drafting between a pair of rolls or rollers 2 and 3 and by means of the roller 4 is delivered to a so-called rolling-in element or body 5.
  • the web 1 preferably possesses a rectangular cross-sectional configuration.
  • the fiber layer 1' Due to the action of the rolling-in body 5 the fiber layer 1' is already pre-shaped to posses a slightly concave form in the sectional plane depicted in FIG. 4, whereas in FIG. 6 the annular crosssectional shape of the layer 1" is already imparted.
  • the lower end of the rolling-in body 5 is surrounded by the layer 1' and externally bounded by a feed or inlet nozzle 6.
  • a liquid delivery conduit or line 7 enters the forward portion of the rolling-in body 5 at its region which is still free of fibers and again emerges from such rolling-in body 5 at the bottom in the form of an extension 8.
  • the staple fibers in this cross-section and also thereafter to a certain extent form a close filter tube (FIG.
  • the disks 9 and 10 can advantageously be provided at their periphery with rubber rims or crowns 15 in order to improve sealing of the pressure zone.
  • suitable recesses 11' and 12 provided at both cover plates 11 and 12 it is ensured that excess liquid can laterally fiow away above the pressure zone.
  • Such collects in the collecting troughs or reservoirs 14 in order, if desired, to again be supplied via the conduit 7 of the liquid applying device by means of suitable non-illustrated mechanism.
  • the resulting stabilized, so-called stable band after setting thereof, for example through drying by means of a heating coil 16 is delivered to a Single zone-drafting arrangement of a ring spinning frame (not illustrated) which does not possess any fiber guide means.
  • a stable band prepared by a setting bond exhibits a characteristic force-elongation relationship as depicted in FIG. 7 by the curve a, for instance for a cotton material.
  • An apparent proportionality exists between the force P and the elongation e from the time of application of load till rupture of the band.
  • the stable band approximately ideally follows Hooks law.
  • the slope of the ascent of the curve a is of particular interest since this slope represents a measure for the required lengthwise or longitudinal stabilization of the stable band. The steeper the ascent the better the lengthwise stabilization, that is, the less does the stable band elongate with a given tensile load.
  • tangent at of the curve a is large for a strongly bonded, in other words, lengthwise stabilized band, whereas for the dotted line curve a of less steepness and corresponding to a similar, yet less strongly adhesively bonded stable band, tangent a' now only amounts to approximately half of that of curve a.
  • the curve 0 is only introduced as a definition aid, whereas the curve b with a steepness of a" corresponds to the force-elongation behavior of a similar, that is of the same cotton material, yet non-twisted, non-bonded spinning band.
  • tangent a is much smaller than tangent a and tangent a of the strongly and less strongly bonded stable bands, respectively.
  • the slope relation for a stable band prepared for high drafts amounts by way of example to:
  • EXAMPLE 1 A carded cotton of American origin with a 1 /16" staple suitably prepared in a preparatory stage with 6- fold doubling and with a weight of the individual bands of 2370 tex is drafted with a 6-fold draft. Such is then imbued with liquid adhesive introduced in excess by means of the liquid delivery or applying device of FIG. 1 arranged directly at the delivery rollers.
  • the subsequently arranged disks 9 and 10 provided with a rubber rim and between which there is formed the pressure zone possess a width of two millimeters.
  • a load of 9 kilograms 45 kg./cm. specific compression or pressure
  • an adhesive solution containing 200 grams Vibatex S per liter of solutionthere is obtained at the discharge end a band 13 which contains 44% liquid adhesive based upon the weight of the raw material.
  • weight of the raw material there is to be understood the Weight of the cotton at a temperature of approximately C. and a relative humidity of approximately 65%.
  • Delivery of the still wet band 13 takes place at a velocity of about 100 meters per minute. After drying, that is, setting to a stable band at room temperature such exhibits a breaking length of 1454 meters and a density of 0.176 g./cm. The breaking length is determined at a so-called Baers yarn tester (system Schopper) operating with a span length of 500 millimeters.
  • the introduced solid 10 content that is, the quantity of introduced solid adhesive substance after setting amounted to 1.76% based upon the raw weight of the cotton.
  • the bonded or set stable band is thereafter subjected to a 64-fold draft upon a single zone-ring spinning drafting arrangement, so that there is produced at the delivery side a yarn of 37 tex.
  • the yarn possesses a very fine and smooth appearance which is approximately like that of a combed yarn.
  • breaking lengths of the stable band in non-twisted condition of approximately 800-4000 meters.
  • the breaking length can in fact exceed 4000 meters.
  • the exact value of the breaking length is dependent upon, the type of cotton employed and its staple, the content of fiber wax, the fineness of the fiber, from the number of the stable band and so forth.
  • a breaking length of 1100 meters was measured after setting, whereas a normal American cotton of 1 /16" staple under the same conditions of adhesive bonding resulted in a breaking length of 1840 meters.
  • a selected fine American cotton of 1 /16" staple under the same conditions reached just quite 2250 meters.
  • EXAMPLE 2 The same cotton according to Example 1 likewise with a feed count of 2370 tex is doubled 6-fold, however drafted with a 12.5-fold draft and soaked with an adhesive solution containing 300 grams Vibatex S per liter solution. Another band is provided with 250 grams Vibatex S per liter solution. The delivered bands exhibit a band weight of 1140 tex. At the disks 9 and 10 (width 1.5 millimeters) provided with a rubber rim there is worked with a load of 6 kilograms (4O kg./cm.), corresponding to a take-up of 59% moisture at the discharging band 13 in the case of the higher concentration, and a take-up of 52% moisture in the case of the lower concentration of 250 grams per liter.
  • EXAMPLE 3 In contrast to Examples 1 and 2, in this case there is processed a regenerated, lustrous cellulose fiber with a cut of 40 millimeters, a fineness of 1.5 den as well as a feed count of 2370 tex which is likewise doubled 6-fold and attenuated with a 12.7-fold draft. 200 grams Vibatex S per liter solution is introduced as the liquid adhesive material. However, this time the disks 9 and 10 are formed of steel (width 1.5 millimeters) and are pressed against one another with a load of 12 kilograms (80 kg./cm. specific compression). In contrast to Examples 1 and 2, in this case there is a take-up of 21% moisture at the discharging band 13, corresponding to a portion of solid content of only 0.84%.
  • EXAMPLE 4 A carded cotton of American origin with a 1 /16" staple in the form of a card sliver of 4220 tex is doubled 2-fold and drafted in a drafting arrangement with a 4.28- fold draft, whereby there results a delivery count of 1970 tex.
  • a combined liquid is introduced into the liquid applying device which essentially consists of 40 grams Vibatex S" per liter solution with an added reactive dye, an appropriate catalyst and further additives in order to be able to simultaneously undertake dyeing in addition to bonding.
  • the liquid is pressed-out between the subsequently arranged disks 9 and 10 equipped with a rubber rim, again possessing a Width of 2 millimeters, under a load of 3 kilograms until 58% of the raw weight in liquid adhesive still remains.
  • Dyed yarns produced according to the inventive preparatory process not only manifest themselves through their exceptional uniformity and smooth and clean appearance, rather they additionally possess an extremely good dye homogeneity. Consequently, there is automatically eliminated a number of difliculties of the typically employed yarn dyeing processes.
  • the process for the preparation of a fiber arrangement of staple fibers for undergoing a subsequent draft comprising the steps of: moving a strand-like fiber arrangement to a liquid adhesive applying means, then subsequently imbuing said strand-like fiber arrangement with a liquid adhesive, condensing the fiber arrangement at all sides, the liquid adhesive setting after the aforesaid condensing of the fiber arrangement in order to bond the staple fiber thereof into a stable band capable of undergoing a subsequent draft in a drafting arrangement of a spinning machine such that the bond between the staple fibers will yield before destruction of the individual fibers.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Package Frames And Binding Bands (AREA)
US430255A 1964-02-15 1965-02-04 Process for the preparation of a fiber arrangement or strand composed of staple fibers for undergoing a subsequent high draft Expired - Lifetime US3548462A (en)

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AT (1) AT284674B (it)
BE (1) BE659700A (it)
DE (1) DE1510377B2 (it)
DK (2) DK129806C (it)
ES (1) ES309637A1 (it)
FI (1) FI44994C (it)
GB (1) GB1102363A (it)
NL (1) NL151749B (it)
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SE (1) SE311848B (it)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3716981A (en) * 1970-04-28 1973-02-20 Tno Method for manufacturing linen yarn, and linen yarn obtained by application of this method
US3848403A (en) * 1972-11-29 1974-11-19 E Bobkowicz Aerodynamic spinning of composite yarn
US3877214A (en) * 1971-10-05 1975-04-15 Hollandse Signaalapparaten Bv Method for the manufacture of yarn
US4010295A (en) * 1971-12-22 1977-03-01 Pavena Ag Process for continuously bonding staple fibers into a stable band and stable band produced according to the aforesaid process
US4051658A (en) * 1975-02-10 1977-10-04 Hollandse Signaalapparaten B.V. Method of manufacturing twistless yarn and yarn made by this method
US4207729A (en) * 1975-05-27 1980-06-17 Agence Nationale De Valorization De La Recherche (Anvar) Method and apparatus for coating textile strands or threads for use in hoisery or weaving
WO1982004271A1 (en) * 1981-06-03 1982-12-09 Holbek Kjeld A method for treating a fibrous material and a plant for carrying out the method
CN105696121A (zh) * 2016-01-26 2016-06-22 湖州南浔中兴丝织有限公司 蚕丝绕卷成条生产装置

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH577570A (de) * 1973-09-13 1976-07-15 Pavena Ag Verfahren zur herstellung eines gefaerbten und stabilisierten ungedrehten faserbandes und nach dem verfahren hergestelltes faserband mit gegeneinander gebundenen fasern
DE4136209C1 (it) * 1991-11-02 1993-06-09 Rieter Ingolstadt Spinnereimaschinenbau Ag, 8070 Ingolstadt, De

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2972221A (en) * 1956-07-31 1961-02-21 Rex Asbestwerke Method of converting individual fibers into coherent fibrous bodies
US3191375A (en) * 1962-08-16 1965-06-29 Pavena Ag Process for the manufacture of a twisted yarn

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2972221A (en) * 1956-07-31 1961-02-21 Rex Asbestwerke Method of converting individual fibers into coherent fibrous bodies
US3191375A (en) * 1962-08-16 1965-06-29 Pavena Ag Process for the manufacture of a twisted yarn

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3716981A (en) * 1970-04-28 1973-02-20 Tno Method for manufacturing linen yarn, and linen yarn obtained by application of this method
US3877214A (en) * 1971-10-05 1975-04-15 Hollandse Signaalapparaten Bv Method for the manufacture of yarn
US4010295A (en) * 1971-12-22 1977-03-01 Pavena Ag Process for continuously bonding staple fibers into a stable band and stable band produced according to the aforesaid process
US3848403A (en) * 1972-11-29 1974-11-19 E Bobkowicz Aerodynamic spinning of composite yarn
US4051658A (en) * 1975-02-10 1977-10-04 Hollandse Signaalapparaten B.V. Method of manufacturing twistless yarn and yarn made by this method
US4207729A (en) * 1975-05-27 1980-06-17 Agence Nationale De Valorization De La Recherche (Anvar) Method and apparatus for coating textile strands or threads for use in hoisery or weaving
WO1982004271A1 (en) * 1981-06-03 1982-12-09 Holbek Kjeld A method for treating a fibrous material and a plant for carrying out the method
CN105696121A (zh) * 2016-01-26 2016-06-22 湖州南浔中兴丝织有限公司 蚕丝绕卷成条生产装置

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ES309637A1 (es) 1965-06-16
DK129806B (da) 1974-11-18
FI44994B (it) 1971-11-01
FI44994C (fi) 1972-02-10
NL6501482A (it) 1965-08-16
DE1510377B2 (de) 1977-01-13
DK129806C (it) 1975-04-28
NO123019B (it) 1971-09-13
NL151749B (nl) 1976-12-15
SE311848B (it) 1969-06-23
DE1510377A1 (de) 1970-08-06
BE659700A (it)
GB1102363A (en) 1968-02-07
AT284674B (de) 1970-09-25

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