US3526686A - Method for shaping of granular substances - Google Patents

Method for shaping of granular substances Download PDF

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Publication number
US3526686A
US3526686A US675209A US3526686DA US3526686A US 3526686 A US3526686 A US 3526686A US 675209 A US675209 A US 675209A US 3526686D A US3526686D A US 3526686DA US 3526686 A US3526686 A US 3526686A
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United States
Prior art keywords
granular
shaping
vibratory
masses
bodies
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US675209A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gottfried Weinhold
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vereinigte Aluminium Werke AG
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Vereinigte Aluminium Werke AG
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Application filed by Vereinigte Aluminium Werke AG filed Critical Vereinigte Aluminium Werke AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
    • C04B35/528—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite obtained from carbonaceous particles with or without other non-organic components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/02—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space
    • B30B11/022—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space whereby the material is subjected to vibrations

Definitions

  • a form is adapted to accommodate a quantity of granular material and is suspended on a plurality of springs for movement in a plurality of directions, including a pair of mutually opposite directions. At least two imbalanced masses are mounted on the form for rotation in mutually opposite directions. Drive means rotates the imbalanced masses in said directions so that the vibratory stresses transmitted by the rotating masses to the form, and tending to cause movement of the same in the plurality of directions, are balanced whereby the form performs movements only on the mutually opposite directions.
  • the present invention relates to the shaping of granular masses in general, and more particularly to a method of effecting such shaping.
  • the invention also relates to an apparatus for carrying out the method.
  • the present invention provides a method of manufacturing shaped articles from granular masses wherein the granular mass, whose consistency may range between a state of high viscosity-but not plasticityand actual crumbliness, is subjected to compacting forces of between 10,000 and 30,000 kg. by having transmitted thereto a low frequency preferably in the range of 20-30 Hz.
  • this lowfrequency vibratory stress is transmitted by imbalanced masses which act upon the form in which the granular mass is accommodated and which stresses are so balanced by a spring mounting system for the form that the need for a special foundation is eliminated.
  • I provide a method which comprises suspension of the form-in which the granular material to be compacted is accommodated-for movement in a plurality of directions including a pair of mutually opposite directions.
  • I transmit to the form vibratory stresses at a plurality of points, which causes the form to attempt movements in the plurality of directions.
  • I balance these stresses so that the resultant stress causes the form to perform movements only in the aforementioned pair of mutually opposite directions so that the granular material contained in the form is compacted into a solid body while the influence of the stresses is substantially limited to the form and the need for providing a special foundation is obviated.
  • My invention is based on the fact that two oppositely rotated masses with an exciter frequency w produce the force m.r.w This causes vertical oscillations of the apparatus at a characteristic frequency w
  • the vertical oscillation produces in the supporting springs which are utilized in accordance with the invention, forces P which can be calculated for small amplitudes and for a nondamped arrangement as follows:
  • FIG. 1 is a somewhat schematic side view of an apparatus according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a front view of the apparatus illustrated in DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
  • the machine according to the present invention comprises a base or frame 1 on which there are mounted the coil springs 2 which support the form, including the vibratory support 3 thereof.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 clearly show that the vibratory support 3 is mounted in floating condition-that is for free movement in all direction-on the springs 4.
  • the imbalanced bodies 5 which are rotatable on the shafts 8 by having rotary movement transmitted thereto through the articulated shafts 7 from the drives 6.
  • a suitable scale may he provided on the bodies 5 and permit adjustment of the vibratory force between zero and the maximum permissible range.
  • a forming plate 9 is supported on the support 3 and a form 10 is carried on the forming plate 9 and is rigidly but releasably connected with the vibratory support 3 and thus with the forming plate 9 by the hold-down arrangements 11.
  • a suitable metering arrangement fills the interior of the hollow form 10 with the requisite quantity of granular material and, when a cover plate has been placed onto the granular material in the form 10 in a manner which will be subsequently discussed in more detail, vibratory movement is initiated. By guiding the cover plate within the form 10 I assure that the body which is being produced receives a smooth, straight upper surface.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show the bodies 5 connected to the support 3 it is to be understood that the vibratory force could also be transmitted through the aforementioned cover plate in which case the bodies 5 would have to be mounted for rotation on or in the cover plate in a manner which will be readily understood by those skilled in the art.
  • the vibration apparatus comprises a vibratory support 12 which may be vibrated for instance by two oppositely rotating imbalanced masses or bodies in the manner illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2. These bodies are rotated by respective electromotors 13 via two shafts 14 and suitable couplings or gears, which are not illustrated because they are conventional.
  • a forming plate 15 is provided with fields and a form 16 is supported on the forming plate 15.
  • a cover plate or weight 17 is provided and, to permit removal of the cover plate 17 and of the form 16 individually upon completion of the compacting process, a frame 18 is provided on which electrically operated lifts 19 and 20 in form of pulleys or the like are arranged.
  • the cover plate 17 is supported on a traverse ,21 Whose upper portion 22 is held by grippers 23 in the rest position, and these grippers may be hydraulically operated. It will be understood that, if a plurality of relatively small finished bodies are to be produced rather than a single large body, the form 16 may be subdivided internally into a plurality of compartments.
  • cover plate 17, which rests on the granular material within the form 16 to weight this material may be similarly subdivided in that it comprises a plurality of portions each of which extends into one of the compartments and rests on the granular material therein. This assures that the weight is equally distributed to the material in all of the compartments.
  • the traverse 21 is connected to the lift 19 by means of cables 24 and pulley wheels 25.
  • FIG. 3 shows that glides 26 are provided on the traverse which engage guide rails 27 on opposite sides. Inasmuch as the guide rails are connected to the frame 18 the cover plate 17 is thus reliably guided for straight movement. It is advantageous that the guide rails 27 be so configurated that their profile tapers in downward direction in such a manner that during the actual vibration the glides 26 will have no contact with the guide rails.
  • cover plate 17 is intended to be usable both under circumstances where a single body is to be produced and under circumstances where a plurality of relatively small bodies are to be produced in the form 16, it is advantageous that a plurality of projecting rams 17" be provided which are mounted on a replaceable bottom plate 17' so that a simple exchange sufiicies to convert the plate 17 to the desired mode of operation.
  • the lift 20 is provided for lifting the form 16 and to this purpose counterweights 28 (compare FIG. 4) are connected to the cables of the lift 20 at opposite sides of the frame 18. Once the form 16 has been lifted off the forming plate 15 it is secured by hydraulically operated grabbers 29.
  • a weighing arrangement 30 is provided adjacent the frame 18 and includes a plurality of containers whose number may correspond to the number of compartments in the form 16.
  • the containers which at their undersides are provided with discharge openings, are so constructed that the closure for these discharge openings will expose the entire cross section of the opening when discharge is being effected so that the granular mass, which has a tendency to clump together, will be discharged into the form 16 without danger of residual quantities remaining in the containers.
  • Adjustable chutes (not illustrated because known in the art) feed a distributor device 31 which distributes the granular mass to the containers.
  • a transporting arrangement for the finished compacted bodies Located at the other side of the vibrating apparatus is a transporting arrangement for the finished compacted bodies.
  • this arrangement consists of a driven belt which is supported by the supporting rollers 32 and which leads to an inclined roller conveyor 33 of known construction.
  • grippers can be used to replace the driven belt and they can be so connected with the vibrating apparatus itself that they will automatically remove the finished electrodes from the apparatus and convey them to a given location.
  • the engagement portions 34 provided on the member engage into chains 35 located at opposite sides of the member 15 so that, when the form 16 has been fillled with material as illustrated in broken lines at the righthand side of FIG. 3, the form is conveyed into its operative position over the vibratory support 12. It is advantageous if the vibratory support is surrounded by a frame which is vertically movable and which is provided with rails for the rollers of the forming plate 15.
  • the frame is identified in FIG. 3 with reference numeral 36 and can be raised and lowered together with the form 16 by means of four hydraulic cylinders 37 which are connected at the four corners of the frame 36.
  • the forming plate 15 can be so lowered that it will rest with its underside on the vibratory support 12 so that the rollers of the forming plate need not carry any load.
  • the projections 34 will disengage from the chains when the lowering occurs. It is advantageous that the piston rods of the hydraulic cylinders be so connected with one another that they will be maintained at identical elevation and can thus be controlled with a single regulating valve. This assures that no tilting of the frame 36 occurs.
  • the plate 17' of the cover plate 17 is sprayed with a suitable emulsion, for instance an oil emulsion, from several nozzles 41 which are actuated by such lowering via a suitable control device many of which are known in the art and which does not constitute a part of the invention.
  • a suitable emulsion for instance an oil emulsion
  • the oil emulsion is provided for the purpose of facilitating separation of the plate 17 from the compacted body and excess emulsion is allowed to drip into the form 16.
  • the plate 17 is lowered into the upper open end of the form 16 while the latter is being releasably coupled to the vibratory support 12.
  • the plate 17 must rest loosely on the mass in the form 16 so that, as the volume of the mass decreases during compaction, the plate 17 will continue to rest on the upper surface of the mass and will exert pressure at all times.
  • the actual vibration procedure in the apparatus according to the present invention will last approximately 4 minutes and, when it is completed, the form 16 is first lifted slightly which will ease separation of the electrode from the form, and thereupon the plate 17 and the form 16 are lifted completely and withdrawn so that the shaped body, namely the completed electrode, now rests exposed on the plate 15.
  • the electrode is now conveyed to the transport arrangement 32, advantageously by means of the chain 35 and by being conveyed over the lowered forming plate 15.
  • the forming plate is restored to its position, the form 16 lowered onto the forming plate 15, and the form conveyed on the forming plate 15 below a spraying device 42 which is diagrammatically illustrated in FIG. 3 and which sprays an oil emulsion into the intetrior of the form 16. How this-is accomplished, and the control of the spraying device 42 are well known in the art and need not be further described.
  • the form is conveyed to the spraying arrangement 30 where it is filled with new granular mass,'and it is then returned to the vibratory support.
  • a method of compacting granular material in a form comprising the steps of suspending the form for movement in a plurality of directions, including a pair of mutually opposite directions; and transmitting to the form vibratory stresses of a force between substantially 10,000 and 30,000 kg. and a frequency ranging between 20 and 30 Hz. at a plurality of points in such a manner as to balance said stresses so that the resultant stress causes said form to perform movements only in said pair of mutually opposite directions, whereby granular material contained in the form is compacted into a solid body and the influence of the stresses is substantially limited to the form.
  • step of transmitting said vibratory stresses comprises transmitting to said form stresses produced by rotation of unbalanced masses.
  • step of balancing said stresses comprises adjusting the rotation of said masses with reference to one another in such a manner as to balance the stresses produced by rotation of each individual mass.
  • step 2,407,168 9/1946 Lindkvist. of adjusting the rotation of said masses comprises rotat- 2,636,719 4/1953 OConnor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Weight Measurement For Supplying Or Discharging Of Specified Amounts Of Material (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Jigging Conveyors (AREA)
US675209A 1966-10-14 1967-10-13 Method for shaping of granular substances Expired - Lifetime US3526686A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEV0032125 1966-10-14
DEK0062705 1967-07-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3526686A true US3526686A (en) 1970-09-01

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US675209A Expired - Lifetime US3526686A (en) 1966-10-14 1967-10-13 Method for shaping of granular substances
US834364A Expired - Lifetime US3555599A (en) 1966-10-14 1969-06-18 Apparatus for shaping of granular substances

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US834364A Expired - Lifetime US3555599A (en) 1966-10-14 1969-06-18 Apparatus for shaping of granular substances

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US (2) US3526686A (nl)
AT (1) AT288045B (nl)
BE (1) BE704878A (nl)
CH (1) CH487717A (nl)
DE (2) DE1584817B1 (nl)
GB (1) GB1199975A (nl)
NL (1) NL153278B (nl)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3712785A (en) * 1968-09-04 1973-01-23 Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag Molding machine
US3717427A (en) * 1970-12-03 1973-02-20 A Bodine Sonic apparatus for working plastic material
US3824060A (en) * 1971-07-29 1974-07-16 Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag Apparatus for making shaped bodies
FR2296706A1 (fr) * 1974-12-31 1976-07-30 Fives Cail Babcock Procede de fabrication d'electrodes au carbone et machine pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
CN107839287A (zh) * 2017-11-28 2018-03-27 合肥波林新材料股份有限公司 一种粉末成形送料装置

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1784661C3 (de) * 1968-09-03 1979-03-22 Vereinigte Aluminium-Werke Ag, 5300 Bonn Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Formkörpern, insbesondere von Kohleelektroden für die Aluminiumelektrolyse o.dgl
US3883278A (en) * 1971-07-19 1975-05-13 Southwire Co Anode press with vibration and compaction rate sensing means
US3932099A (en) * 1973-09-17 1976-01-13 Fives Lille Cail Mold apparatus
NO132359C (nl) * 1974-02-20 1975-10-29 Ardal Og Sunndal Verk
DE2456911C2 (de) * 1974-12-02 1982-04-08 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Kohleformkörpern
DE3445936A1 (de) * 1984-12-17 1986-06-26 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln Deckgewichtanordnung einer ruettelvorrichtung zur herstellung von formkoerpern
DE4332921C2 (de) * 1993-09-28 2003-04-10 Outokumpu Oy Rüttelanlage zur Herstellung von Formkörpern durch Verdichtung
US6939121B2 (en) * 2003-02-18 2005-09-06 Gci Pipe Products, Inc. Form with displaceable vibratory panel
CN104746104B (zh) * 2015-04-07 2017-03-22 兰州智成机械设备有限公司 铝电解用阳极碳块振动成型装置
CN113211699B (zh) * 2021-05-10 2022-03-25 江苏圣泰防腐设备东台有限公司 一种基于滚塑工艺的防腐处理装置及方法
CN115091606B (zh) * 2022-06-21 2023-06-02 济南同匠建筑设计有限公司 一种装配式建筑墙体模具
CN117565423B (zh) * 2024-01-17 2024-04-02 福建恒尚实业有限公司 一种环保人造石连续模压成型设备

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1922168A (en) * 1932-05-09 1933-08-15 Benedict Stone Products Compan Molding apparatus
US2353492A (en) * 1942-01-16 1944-07-11 John C O'connor Vibration producing mechanism
US2407168A (en) * 1942-11-28 1946-09-03 Vibro Betong Ab Apparatus for molding concrete
US2636719A (en) * 1950-02-01 1953-04-28 O Connor Patent Company Mechanism for producing hard vibrations for compaction and conveying of materials

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH221732A (de) * 1942-06-02 1942-06-15 Aluminium Ind Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kunstkohlekörpern.
FR996000A (fr) * 1945-04-05 1951-12-11 Presse vibrante pour le moulage rapide d'éléments multicellulaires
DE1951457A1 (de) * 1969-10-13 1971-04-22 J U H Krautkraemer Ges F Elekt Schalteinrichtung zum Sparen von Versorgungsenergie,insbesondere fuer batteriebetriebene,elektronische Geraete

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1922168A (en) * 1932-05-09 1933-08-15 Benedict Stone Products Compan Molding apparatus
US2353492A (en) * 1942-01-16 1944-07-11 John C O'connor Vibration producing mechanism
US2407168A (en) * 1942-11-28 1946-09-03 Vibro Betong Ab Apparatus for molding concrete
US2636719A (en) * 1950-02-01 1953-04-28 O Connor Patent Company Mechanism for producing hard vibrations for compaction and conveying of materials

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3712785A (en) * 1968-09-04 1973-01-23 Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag Molding machine
US3717427A (en) * 1970-12-03 1973-02-20 A Bodine Sonic apparatus for working plastic material
US3824060A (en) * 1971-07-29 1974-07-16 Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag Apparatus for making shaped bodies
FR2296706A1 (fr) * 1974-12-31 1976-07-30 Fives Cail Babcock Procede de fabrication d'electrodes au carbone et machine pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
CN107839287A (zh) * 2017-11-28 2018-03-27 合肥波林新材料股份有限公司 一种粉末成形送料装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1558745A1 (nl) 1971-07-01
US3555599A (en) 1971-01-19
DE1584817B1 (de) 1972-05-31
DE1558745B2 (de) 1971-07-01
AT288045B (de) 1971-02-25
CH487717A (de) 1970-03-31
NL153278B (nl) 1977-05-16
BE704878A (nl) 1968-02-15
GB1199975A (en) 1970-07-22
NL6713953A (nl) 1968-04-16

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