US3494169A - Deep drawing method and apparatus - Google Patents

Deep drawing method and apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3494169A
US3494169A US522312A US3494169DA US3494169A US 3494169 A US3494169 A US 3494169A US 522312 A US522312 A US 522312A US 3494169D A US3494169D A US 3494169DA US 3494169 A US3494169 A US 3494169A
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United States
Prior art keywords
sheet metal
pressure
punch
blank
ring
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US522312A
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English (en)
Inventor
William T Saunders
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National Steel Corp
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National Steel Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by National Steel Corp filed Critical National Steel Corp
Priority claimed from GB206/68A external-priority patent/GB1210841A/en
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Publication of US3494169A publication Critical patent/US3494169A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/22—Deep-drawing with devices for holding the edge of the blanks

Definitions

  • a flat blank is placed between a die cavity and a movable punch and the metal is formed into the desired shape by moving the punch into the die cavity.
  • Edges of the die cavity and punch are sufiiciently rounded to prevent cutting of the metal and the spacing between the die cavity and the punch is sufiicient to allow for the .full thickness gauge of the sheet metal blank so-that substantially no reduction in thickness of themetal takes place in the drawing operation.
  • the present invention makes possible a deep-drawing operation where the peripheral outline of the blank can be decreased forty percent and more in a single stroke without formation of wrinkles and without tearing of the metal.
  • a uniform-thickness-sidewall container body can be drawn because the metal is under substantially uniform pressure throughout the single stroke.
  • the invention is applicable to conventional temper (TU) steel, full hard steel plate such as that proposed for container sidewalls, tinplated or other metallic plated steel, and softer metals such as aluminum and copper.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross sectional schematic view of die structure at the start of a drawing operation
  • FIG. 2 is a cross sectional schematic View of the die structure of FIG. 1 at an intermediate stage in a drawing operation
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross sectional view of die structure embodying the invention at the start of a drawing stroke
  • FIGS. 4 through 6 are schematic, cross sectional partial views of the die structure of FIG. 3 at intermediate stages of a drawing stroke
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram partially in cross section of apparatus embodying the invention.
  • FIGURES 1 and 2 a sheet metal blank 12 is drawn over a fixed die 14 using movable punch 16.
  • Fixed die 14 has a cylindrical shape and movable punch 16 is tubular. The movable punch 16 is moved into overlapping coaxial relationship with fixed die 14 and the metal at peripheral portion 18 of metal blank 12 is drawn down the sides of the die 14.
  • Metal blank 12 is gripped between movable punch 16 and pressure pad 20 which is tubular in configuration and is coaxial and overlapping with fixed die 14. Great force is needed to initiate a draw and, to avoid formation of wrinkles, edges of the metal blank must be held with a force matching that of the drawing force. Pressure pad 20 is used for this purpose and the upward pressure of pad 20 will prevent wrinkling of the metal during a shallow draw.
  • FIGURE 2 the area of the metal blank 22 between movable punch 16 and pressure pad 20 decreases as the blank is drawn.
  • the high pressures required for the draw are more concentrated as the area of metal between the movable punch and the pressure pad decreases and tearing of the metal will result if a deep draw is attempted.
  • the metal has a tendency to stretch unevenly under these high pressures causing earing of the cup, that is, the open edge of the article formed will be uneven and its sidewall will have varying lengths at differing points about the open edge periphery.
  • back pressures are relieved in order to avoid tearing the metal or reduce the earing problem, wrinkling of the metal around the sidewall of the cup will be encountered during a deep draw.
  • the present invention permits deep-drawing in a single stroke, provides for substantially uniform pressures on the metal during the draw to avoid earing of the metal, and at the same time prevents wrinkling without tearing of the metal.
  • a plurality of pressure rings are used which successively contact the metal blank being drawn to prevent wrinkling of the metal during the drawing stroke and, after contact with the metal blank, each of the pressure rings opposes the pressure of the movable punch to help equalize the pressure on the diminishing area of the metal blank being drawn.
  • Circular metal blank 24 is positioned over a cylindrical fixed die 26 and gripped at its outer periphery between movable punch 28 and outer ring 30.
  • the pressure on outer ring 30 is parallel to the longitudinal axis of fixed die 26 and exerts a force opposite to the direction of movement of movable punch 28.
  • middle ring 32 comes into contact with the sheet metal blank. It will be noted that middle ring 32 independently exerts a force similar in direction to that of outer ring 30'. Also, as shown in FIG. 3, that its upward movement is determined by flange surface 34 between middle ring 32 and inner ring 36. Similarly, flange surface 35 determines the upward movement of outer most ring 30. Flange surfaces 34, 35, and
  • flange surface 38 between inner ring 36 and fixed die 26, serve as interconnecting means to determine the initial positioning of the other ring 30, middle ring 32 and inner ring 36.
  • Initial contact of middle ring 32 with the sheet metal blank 24 is selected so as to prevent wrinkling of the sheet metal blank and to maintain a continuous substantially uniform back pressure on the blank.
  • sheet metal blank 24 has been drawn so that a peripheral portion is in contact with middle ring 32.
  • Inner ring 36 has come into contact with the sheet metal blank to prevent wrinkling of the metal and distribute the pressure exerted by punch 29 as the blank is drawn.
  • Outer ring 30 opposes the downward force exerted by punch 28.
  • FIGURE 6 the peripheral portion of blank 24 is being drawn between inner ring 36 and movable punch 28.
  • Outer ring 30 and middle ring 32 exert a force in opposition to the downward pressure of movable punch 28.
  • the number of pressure rings, the spacing of the rings along the longitudinal axis of the die structure, and the individual force exerted by the rings are selected to make the pressure on the metal substantially uniform as the blank is drawn and thereby produce a uniform thickness sidewall. In general the deeper the draw, the greater the number of rings to be used. Also, the blank contact area of the several rings can be varied to help maintain uniform pressure on the metal.
  • the automatically functioning features of the invention which prevent wrinkling or tearing of the metal come into play independently without resort to a coordinated-movement physical linkage between the movable punch member and the rings to control pressure on the metal.
  • These features of the invention permit drawing of a sheet metal blank to form a container body or cup shaped article without substantially changing the gauge of the metal. While some stretching of metal is practically inevitable in a drawing operation it is emphasized that the teachings of the present invention do not rely on stretching of metal to form the desired shape.
  • FIG. 7 Assembled apparatus for single-stroke cutting and drawing of a sheet metal blank is shown schematically in FIG. 7.
  • Drive means 44 which can be conventional, drives punch 46.
  • sheet metal 48 is blanked by cutting edges 52 and 54.
  • the cut blank isthen gripped between punch 46 and pressure ring 56 as the punch moves into coaxial relationship with fixed die 58.
  • Pressure ring 56 is supported by a plurality of pins such as pins 60 and 62 on thrust pad 64.
  • Spring 66 is supported between the thrust pad 64 and washer 68.
  • Stem 70 is threaded at 72 and nut 74 fixes the position of washer 68.
  • the force exerted by spring 66 on pressure ring 56 can be varied by adjusting the position of nut 74 along the stem 70'.
  • inner ring 76 As the blank is drawn, contact is made with inner ring 76. This ring is supported by a plurality of pins such as pins 78 and 80 which rest on thrust pad 82. Spring 84 acts between thrust pad 82 and washer 86. Nut 88 fixes the position of washer 86 and can be used to adjust the force exerted by spring 84.
  • the pin support structures are used in the embodiment of FIG. 7 to give access to the adjustment nuts. Cylindrical supports with access holes to adjustment nuts could be used as well.
  • the springs shown in FIG. 7 are for purposes of illustration only and are not neces sarily in true size relationship.
  • the size of the springs and length of stroke of individual rings are selected based on the depth of draw and the material being drawn. With the present disclosure of the principles of the invention, selection of spring sizes or other compression means, the number of rings, blank contact area of individual rings, and the stroke of individual rings will be within the purview of one skilled in the art. It is also to be understood that other ring support arrangements, than shown in FIG. 7 which avoid physical connection between the rings and the movable punch, can be resorted to without departing from the scope of the invention as covered by the appended claims.
  • Apparatus for forming a sheet metal blank into a container body by a single-stroke deep-drawing operation compnsmg die means including a die cavity, punch means, and
  • each pressure ring being yieldably mounted and having means for independently exerting a force opposite in direction to movement of the punch means during a drawing stroke
  • the plurality of pressure rings including at least an outer ring and an inner ring arranged to contact the sheet metal blank around its entire periphery with the outer ring contacting the sheet metal blank prior to contact by the inner ring during a drawing stroke.
  • Apparatus for cold forming a sheet metal blank of predetermined thickness gauge into a container body with a wrinkle-free sidewall of substantially uniform thickness by a single-stroke deep-drawing operation comprising an elongated fixed die over which the sheet metal blank is to be formed, the fixed die having an endwall surface and a sidewall surface spaced from the longitudinal axis of the fixed die,
  • movable punch means having a tubular configuration with internal dimensions permitting the punch to be moved into overlapping coaxial relationship with the fixed die with spacing between the sidewall of the fixed die and the movable punch means being at least as great as sheet metal thickness gauge,
  • a plurality of pressure rings including an outer ring and an inner ring positioned in overlapping and coaxial relationship with each other and fixed die
  • yieldable pressure means acting on the pressure rings tending to force the pressure rings along a path parallel to the longitudinal axis of the fixed die in a direction opposite to the direction of movement of the movable punch means when the movable punch means is being moved into overlapping relationship with the fixed die
  • interlocking means for initial positioning of the pressure rings in spaced relationship along the longitudinal axis of the fixed die so that the outer ring contacts the sheet metal blank prior to contact by the inner ring as the movable punch means is moved into overlapping coaxial relationship with the fixed die to form the container body.
  • the apparatus of claim 2 further including blanking means for cutting the sheet metal blank as part of the single stroke operation prior to drawing of the sheet metal blank.
  • Method of forming a sheet metal blank into a container body by a single-stroke, deep-drawing operation comprising the steps of positioning a sheet metal blank between a die cavity and a movable punch means,
  • the plurality of pressure rings including at least an outer ring and an inner ring in coaxial relationship and positioned to successively contact the sheet metal blank as the movable punch means is driven into the die cavity with the outer pressure ring contacting the sheet metal blank prior to contact by the inner pressure ring.
  • a method for providing substantially uniform sidewall draw and preventing buckling of sidewall metal of the container body during drawing comprising the steps of providing a plurality of pressure rings of tubular configuration and positioned in overlapping coaxial relationship with each other and the elongated fixed die, the plurality of pressure rings including at least an outer pressure ring and an inner pressure ring,
  • a method for providing uniform sidewall draw and preventing buckling of sidewall metal comprising the steps of providing a plurality of pressure rings including an outer ring and an inner ring in coaxial and overlapping relationship with each other and the fixed die, each pressure ring being yieldably mounted to exert a force in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the fixed die and opposite to the direction of movement of the tubular punch when being moved into coaxial relationship with the fixed die, the plurality of pressure rings being positioned initially along the longitudinal axis of the fixed die so that the outer pressure ring contacts the sheet metal prior to contact by the inner ring during movement of the tubular punch into coaxial relationship with the fixed die and driving the tubular punch under predetermined pressure into overlapping relationship with the fixed die to form a container body.
  • the method of claim 8 further including the step of cutting a blank of predetermined peripheral dimension from the sheet metal during the single stroke of the tubular punch and prior to drawing of the sheet metal.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
US522312A 1966-01-21 1966-01-21 Deep drawing method and apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3494169A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US52231266A 1966-01-21 1966-01-21
GB206/68A GB1210841A (en) 1966-01-21 1968-01-02 Improvements in forming container bodies
FR137051 1968-01-23

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FR (1) FR1551734A (en, 2012)

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3817076A (en) * 1973-05-03 1974-06-18 Reynolds Metals Co Apparatus for and method of drawing a cup-shaped article
US4414836A (en) * 1982-09-30 1983-11-15 National Steel Corporation Method of and apparatus for deep drawing metal containers
WO1986005421A1 (en) * 1985-03-15 1986-09-25 Weirton Steel Corporation Drawn can body method, apparatus and products
US4745792A (en) * 1986-10-14 1988-05-24 Aluminum Company Of America Blankholder for a draw press
US4760633A (en) * 1985-12-17 1988-08-02 Utica Enterprises, Inc. Method for body panel attachment
EP0402800A1 (de) * 1989-06-14 1990-12-19 L. SCHULER GmbH Druckwange im Ziehapparat einer Presse
US5209099A (en) * 1985-03-15 1993-05-11 Weirton Steel Corporation Draw-process methods, systems and tooling for fabricating one-piece can bodies
US5263354A (en) * 1985-03-15 1993-11-23 Saunders William T Drawn can body methods, apparatus and products
WO1994019246A3 (en) * 1993-02-18 1994-10-13 David Robert Sergeant Container end closure
US5590558A (en) * 1985-03-15 1997-01-07 Weirton Steel Corporation Draw-processing of can bodies for sanitary can packs
US9914164B1 (en) * 2016-09-15 2018-03-13 Fca Us Llc Machine press
US20190054714A1 (en) * 2012-03-19 2019-02-21 Stora Enso Oyj Deep-drawn paper tray, a method and an apparatus for making it, and a tray-formed product package
US10239648B2 (en) 2014-10-28 2019-03-26 Ball Metalpack, Llc Apparatus and method for forming a cup with a reformed bottom
US10315242B2 (en) 2014-10-15 2019-06-11 Ball Metalpack, Llc Apparatus and method for simultaneously forming a contoured shoulder and neck portion in a closed end of a metallic container
CN112108566A (zh) * 2019-06-19 2020-12-22 无锡宝众科技股份有限公司 一种具双层区域的汽车静音板的成型模具及加工方法
US10933458B2 (en) 2018-12-19 2021-03-02 Fca Us Llc Stretch forming die
US20220242622A1 (en) * 2019-11-01 2022-08-04 Ky7 Inc. Lid member and its manufacturing method
CN119259846A (zh) * 2024-12-09 2025-01-07 河北沃润达金属包装制品有限公司 一种防卡塞的金属底盖冲压成型机

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD160956A3 (de) * 1981-01-14 1984-07-11 Schwarzenberg Waschgeraete Verfahren zur herstellung duennwandiger blechteile

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1453652A (en) * 1923-05-01 Method and apparatus por eobmiiia sheet-metal articles
US1550387A (en) * 1923-04-30 1925-08-18 Marquette Tool & Mfg Co Die and blank holding means
US1675910A (en) * 1926-02-19 1928-07-03 Andrew L Riker Tool for drawing tubular bosses
US1967245A (en) * 1931-02-20 1934-07-24 American Can Co Art of drawing
USRE20009E (en) * 1936-06-16 Art of drawing
CH280900A (de) * 1949-07-18 1952-02-15 Abdel Dr Aziz Mostafa Kamal Blechhalter für Tiefziehpressen.
US2591061A (en) * 1949-01-24 1952-04-01 Production Tool & Die Co Inc Hydraulic die
US3203218A (en) * 1961-05-22 1965-08-31 American Can Co Method and apparatus for forming metal containers

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1453652A (en) * 1923-05-01 Method and apparatus por eobmiiia sheet-metal articles
USRE20009E (en) * 1936-06-16 Art of drawing
US1550387A (en) * 1923-04-30 1925-08-18 Marquette Tool & Mfg Co Die and blank holding means
US1675910A (en) * 1926-02-19 1928-07-03 Andrew L Riker Tool for drawing tubular bosses
US1967245A (en) * 1931-02-20 1934-07-24 American Can Co Art of drawing
US2591061A (en) * 1949-01-24 1952-04-01 Production Tool & Die Co Inc Hydraulic die
CH280900A (de) * 1949-07-18 1952-02-15 Abdel Dr Aziz Mostafa Kamal Blechhalter für Tiefziehpressen.
US3203218A (en) * 1961-05-22 1965-08-31 American Can Co Method and apparatus for forming metal containers

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3817076A (en) * 1973-05-03 1974-06-18 Reynolds Metals Co Apparatus for and method of drawing a cup-shaped article
US4414836A (en) * 1982-09-30 1983-11-15 National Steel Corporation Method of and apparatus for deep drawing metal containers
WO1984001314A1 (en) * 1982-09-30 1984-04-12 Nat Steel Corp Method of and apparatus for deep drawing metal containers
US5590558A (en) * 1985-03-15 1997-01-07 Weirton Steel Corporation Draw-processing of can bodies for sanitary can packs
WO1986005421A1 (en) * 1985-03-15 1986-09-25 Weirton Steel Corporation Drawn can body method, apparatus and products
US5119657A (en) * 1985-03-15 1992-06-09 Weirton Steel Corporation Method for making one-piece can bodies
US5209099A (en) * 1985-03-15 1993-05-11 Weirton Steel Corporation Draw-process methods, systems and tooling for fabricating one-piece can bodies
US5263354A (en) * 1985-03-15 1993-11-23 Saunders William T Drawn can body methods, apparatus and products
US5689992A (en) * 1985-03-15 1997-11-25 Weirton Steel Corporation Draw-processing of can bodies for sanitary can packs
US4760633A (en) * 1985-12-17 1988-08-02 Utica Enterprises, Inc. Method for body panel attachment
US4745792A (en) * 1986-10-14 1988-05-24 Aluminum Company Of America Blankholder for a draw press
EP0402800A1 (de) * 1989-06-14 1990-12-19 L. SCHULER GmbH Druckwange im Ziehapparat einer Presse
WO1994019246A3 (en) * 1993-02-18 1994-10-13 David Robert Sergeant Container end closure
US5950858A (en) * 1993-02-18 1999-09-14 Sergeant; David Robert Container end closure
US20190054714A1 (en) * 2012-03-19 2019-02-21 Stora Enso Oyj Deep-drawn paper tray, a method and an apparatus for making it, and a tray-formed product package
US11383473B2 (en) * 2012-03-19 2022-07-12 Stora Enso Oyj Deep-drawn paper tray, a method and an apparatus for making it, and a tray-formed product package
US10315242B2 (en) 2014-10-15 2019-06-11 Ball Metalpack, Llc Apparatus and method for simultaneously forming a contoured shoulder and neck portion in a closed end of a metallic container
US10239648B2 (en) 2014-10-28 2019-03-26 Ball Metalpack, Llc Apparatus and method for forming a cup with a reformed bottom
US9914164B1 (en) * 2016-09-15 2018-03-13 Fca Us Llc Machine press
US20180071807A1 (en) * 2016-09-15 2018-03-15 John F Siekirk, III Machine press
US10933458B2 (en) 2018-12-19 2021-03-02 Fca Us Llc Stretch forming die
CN112108566A (zh) * 2019-06-19 2020-12-22 无锡宝众科技股份有限公司 一种具双层区域的汽车静音板的成型模具及加工方法
US20220242622A1 (en) * 2019-11-01 2022-08-04 Ky7 Inc. Lid member and its manufacturing method
CN119259846A (zh) * 2024-12-09 2025-01-07 河北沃润达金属包装制品有限公司 一种防卡塞的金属底盖冲压成型机

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Publication number Publication date
FR1551734A (en, 2012) 1968-12-27

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