US3489148A - Topsheet for disposable diapers - Google Patents

Topsheet for disposable diapers Download PDF

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Publication number
US3489148A
US3489148A US603299A US3489148DA US3489148A US 3489148 A US3489148 A US 3489148A US 603299 A US603299 A US 603299A US 3489148D A US3489148D A US 3489148DA US 3489148 A US3489148 A US 3489148A
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topsheet
diaper
web
oleaginous
weight
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Robert C Duncan
Dale A Gellert
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Procter and Gamble Co
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers of the pads
    • A61F13/511—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin
    • A61F13/512—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin characterised by its apertures, e.g. perforations
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers of the pads
    • A61F13/511—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin
    • A61F13/51121—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin characterised by the material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers of the pads
    • A61F13/511—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin
    • A61F13/513—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin characterised by its function or properties, e.g. stretchability, breathability, rewet, visual effect; having areas of different permeability
    • A61F13/51305—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin characterised by its function or properties, e.g. stretchability, breathability, rewet, visual effect; having areas of different permeability having areas of different permeability
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/84—Accessories, not otherwise provided for, for absorbent pads
    • A61F13/8405—Additives, e.g. for odour, disinfectant or pH control
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F5/00—Orthopaedic methods or devices for non-surgical treatment of bones or joints; Nursing devices ; Anti-rape devices
    • A61F5/48—Devices for preventing wetting or pollution of the bed
    • A61F5/485—Absorbent protective pads
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/22—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
    • A61L15/34—Oils, fats, waxes or natural resins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F2013/15008—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterized by the use
    • A61F2013/15024—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterized by the use for protecting the body against ulcers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/15577—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing
    • A61F2013/15821—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing characterized by the apparatus for manufacturing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers of the pads
    • A61F2013/51059—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers of the pads being sprayed with chemicals
    • A61F2013/51061—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers of the pads being sprayed with chemicals for rendering the surface hydrophobic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers of the pads
    • A61F13/511—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin
    • A61F13/51113—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin comprising an additive, e.g. lotion or odour control
    • A61F2013/51117—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin comprising an additive, e.g. lotion or odour control the lotion having skin care properties
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers of the pads
    • A61F13/514—Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin
    • A61F13/51401—Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin characterised by the material
    • A61F2013/51409—Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin characterised by the material being a film
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/84—Accessories, not otherwise provided for, for absorbent pads
    • A61F2013/8476—Accessories, not otherwise provided for, for absorbent pads with various devices or method

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a topsheet for diapers and more particularly to a disposable diaper topsheet which is treated to alleviate diaper rash on infants.
  • a topsheet is the portion of the disposable diaper which covers the upper face of an absorbent diapering pad and contacts the infant in use.
  • diapers and diaper liners have been produced with the body-contacting side or member thereof made in part of completely of hydrophobic fibers such as Verel, polyolefin or the like.
  • the described construction is porous and permits the fluid to pass readily therethrough into an underlying absorptive backing and to partition itself preferentially in the hydrophilic substrate, leaving the hydrophobic topsheet or diaper liner relatively dry. This approach is generally disclosed in US. Patents Nos. 2,905,176; 3,063,452; 3,113,570; and 3,180,335.
  • hydrophobic topsheet While a hydrophobic topsheet will function in the manner intended to an extent dependent upon its thickness (and thus the volume of free space therein under stress) it has been found that in-use stresses exerted on diapers frequently forces fluid out of the absorptive substrate and through the open pores of the hydrophobic topsheet or diaper liner to thereby rewet the skin.
  • a protective barrier for example, baby lotions, mineral oil or the like
  • This procedure usually involves the mothers pouring of the oil or lotion, for example, in one of her hands, rubbing both hands together to distribute the substance thereon and then wiping the same on the skin of the infant.
  • the procedure is wasteful, messy, easily forgotten and, in general, troublesome and aesthetically demanding for the parents.
  • Discontinuous surface films of a protective barrier material were therefore applied to the topsheet of disice posable diapers to eliminate the need for separately applying the protective barrier by the parent at the time of diaper change.
  • an oily film could be transferred to the infants skin by contact with skin in its driest condition and thereby maintain a moisture barrier to help prevent the start of the rash rather than acting only after the rash appears.
  • this approach was not effective on diapers which did not have a hydrophobic topsheet.
  • the barrier material migrated through the topsheet and into the absorptive pad thereunder, reducing the rate at which the pads absorbent substrate can absorb the fluid, decreasing its ability to wick moisture from the wet center to the drier extremities of the diaper, and reducing the partitioning effect by which the topsheet is kept relatively dry between reflooding, and thereby actually increases the possibility of infants getting a skin rash due to increased fluid contact.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a disposable diaper which has a topsheet treated in such a manner as to reduce the possibility of an infant developing diaper rash due to contact with waste fluid and/0r fecal matter.
  • a further object of the present invention is the provision of a diaper topsheet which is adapted to be interposed between the absorptive portion of the diaper and the infant and which has a film thereon of a protective barrier material which will not migrate to the absorptive portion and which is adapted to be transferred to the skin of the infant when the diaper is applied whereby to insulate the infant from prolonged contact with body wastes which promote diaper rash.
  • a diaper comprising an absorptive pad and a thin diaper topsheet comprising fibrous material.
  • the surfaces of the fibers in at least the central portion of the topsheet are both hydrophobic and oleophobic.
  • One face of the topsheet has at least in the central portion thereof a discontinuous film of an oleaginous moisture barrier material suitable for application to the skin of an infant.
  • FIGURE 1 is a fragmentary perspective view illustrating a preferred embodiment of a disposable diaper topsheet of the present invention
  • FIGURE 1a is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of a disposable diaper employing the topsheet of FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 2 is an exaggerated transverse cross-sectional view of fibers of the topsheet of FIGURE 1, showing droplets of oleaginous moisture barrier material thereon;
  • FIGURE 3 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view of apparatus adapted to apply a moisture barrier material to one face of a disposable diaper topsheet;
  • FIGURE 4 is a fragmentary sectional view of the apparatus of FIGURE 3 taken along line 44 thereof.
  • FIG. 1 of the drawings there is illustrated a preferred embodiment of a disposable diaper topsheet 10 of the present invention.
  • the topsheet 10 can comprise any compliant, soft-feeling, porous web 12 having the properties of hydrophobicity and oleophobicity o be described.
  • the size of the web 12 is not critical and is governed by the size of the absorptive pad of the diaper and the diaper structure.
  • a web 12 for a topsheet for the diaper of Duncan et al., US. Patent 3,180,335 can measure about 14 /2 wide by about 18" long in connection with an absorbent paid 11 which is 12 /2 wide by 16" long.
  • edges 12a of the web 12 can be folded underneath the pad 11 and secured to the lower face thereof with adhesive so as to enclose the exposed edges of the absorptive material, which can comprise creped cellulose wadding, an air-laid felt or the like.
  • the lower face of the assembled pad and topsheet can be attached to a moisture impervious backsheet 11a, if desired.
  • Such barrier materials can be derived from mineral oils of varying molecular weights and viscosities, as exemplified by medicinal white oils (such as liquid petrolatum, U.S.P. XIV and light liquid petrolatum) and petrolatum, U.S.P. XIV; from animal oils (for example, triglycerides of higher fatty acids such as stearic, palmitic and oleic acids; lanolin and codliver oil); and from vegetable oils such as soybean oil, peanut oil, cottonseed oil, rapeseed oil, olive oil, palm oil and coconut oil.
  • the properties of the oleaginous barrier material can be improved and the possibility of fabric penetration further decreased by admixing the same with an additive capable of increasing its viscosity.
  • a mineral oil of low viscosity can be mixed with a crystalline material such as the above-mentioned triglycerides or with inorganic materials such as zinc oxide or with metal salts of fatty acids having molecules containing between 12 and 22 carbon atoms (for example, calcium, magnesium, potassium or sodium salts of stearic and palmitic acids) to increase its viscosity for use as a barrier material.
  • a crystalline material such as the above-mentioned triglycerides or with inorganic materials such as zinc oxide or with metal salts of fatty acids having molecules containing between 12 and 22 carbon atoms (for example, calcium, magnesium, potassium or sodium salts of stearic and palmitic acids)
  • metal salts of fatty acids having molecules containing between 12 and 22 carbon atoms for example, calcium, magnesium, potassium or sodium salts of stearic and palmitic acids
  • the barrier material has a viscosity in the range of from about 70 to about 280 S.U.S at about 100 F.
  • the discontinuous film 14 comprises a multiplicity of discrete droplets 14a (see FIGURE 2) having diameters in the range of from about 0.05 mm. to about 1.0 mm. and is applied in quantities of from about 0.001 to about 0.020 gram per square inch. Higher concentrations will, however, transfer increased levels of oleaginous materials if it is desired to leave the skin greasy.
  • discontinuous film 14 only along the transversely extending central portion of one face of web 12
  • the same can be located along the longitudinal central portion or can be coextensive with the said one face, if desired.
  • a film 14 which has a width of about 8" has been found to be satisfactory. The manner of and means for the application of the discontinuous film 14 on a continuous length of web 12 is described hereinafter.
  • a web 12 is oleophobic and hydrophobic when the critical surface tension thereof is sufliciently low, in contrast with the surface tension of oleaginous moisture barrier material and with that of waste fluids, to prevent a drop of either from spreading on the web.
  • the contact angle of these materials on the web 12 substrate i.e., the included angle between the substrate-liquid interface and a line, in a vertical plane, which is tangent to the liquid-air interface and extends through a point on the periphery of the substrate-liquid interface
  • the critical surface tension of the web 12 should be in the range of from about 7 to 25 dynes per centimeter at 20 C., preferably less than about 20 dynes per centimeter, and at least about 5 dynes per centimeter lower than the surface tension of the oleaginous moisture barrier material comprising the discontinuous film 14.
  • Critical surface tension values given above are in terms of the critical surface tension of similar surface systems measured on a flat plane since it is difficult, if not impossible, to accurately measure such values in irregular or rough surfaces such as a fabric.
  • the critical surface tension of a topsheet the fibers of' which are coated with a fluorochemical compound, for example would be that of such compound as measured from a coating thereof applied to a smooth, fiat surface.
  • the web 12 can be constructed of any desired porous material such as paper or a woven, knitted or non-woven fabric.
  • the web can be a non-woven fabric sheet which is constructed from 1.5 to 3 denier rayon fibers 1.3-1.6" long and contains approximately 10-35% of binder (as for example, cross-linked polymers of ethyl acrylate such as is sold by Rohm & Haas Company and identified as HA-8), and having a weight of from about 15 to about 19 grams per square yard.
  • binder as for example, cross-linked polymers of ethyl acrylate such as is sold by Rohm & Haas Company and identified as HA-8
  • surfactants should be minimal in the binder emulsion and generally avoided in the saturation bath or printing fluid. This is the preferred porous topsheet referred to in the examples.
  • the described exemplary non-woven sheet can be coated or sized by a substance adapted to reduce the critical surface tension of the web 12 if it appears that the same is not sufliciently low, i.e., does not conform to the preferred limits given above.
  • Any type of coating material capable of such reduction and which is not harmful or an irritant to an infants skin may be used.
  • Such coating or treating material can, for example, comprise fiuorochemicals, silicones and fatty wax-like derivatives (such as a pyridinium acid chloride derivative of stearamide).
  • fiuorochemicals such as silicone oils and waterrepelling fluorochemical compound
  • such compounds are preferred agents for use in connection with treating materials for web 12.
  • fluorochemical compounds can have chemical structures of great variety; for example, acrylates and methacrylates of hydroxyl compounds containing a highly fluorinated residue and their polymers and c0- polymers can be used. Such compounds are described in detail in US. Patents 2,642,416; 2,826,564; 2,839,513 and 2,803,615.
  • fluorochemical compounds which can be employed include the chromium coordination complexes of saturated perfluoromonocarboxylic acids of which the chromium complexes of perfluorobutyric acid and perfluorooctanoic acid are representative. Fluorochemical compounds are available commercially, for example, those marketed under the trademark Scotchgard by the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company.
  • fluorochemical compounds include perfluoronated ethers; fluorocarbon acrylic-type amides (fluorocarbousulfonyl acrylamides and methylacrylamides) and their polymers such as described in US. Patent 2,995,542; phosphorus-containing fluorocarbon compounds and polymers thereof such as perfluoroalkylsulfonamidoalkyl esters of phosphorus acids described in US. Patent 3,094,547; perfluoroalkanoic acids such as perfluoro-lauric acid, F C(CF COOH, and compounds containing fluoroalkyl carbamato chains interconnected by methylene bridges as disclosed in US. Patent 2,958,613.
  • the fluorochemical can be combined with other repellent compounds as, for example, Quarpel (developed by the U.S. Army Quartermaster Corporation) which combines a pyridinium fatty water-repellant with a fluorochemical, Scotchgard FC208 (product of Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co.).
  • Quarpel developed by the U.S. Army Quartermaster Corporation
  • Scotchgard FC208 product of Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co.
  • the following examples illustrate the treatment of the web 12 of the present invention with compounds adapted to impart hydrophobic-oleophobic properties to the surfaces of the fibers thereof.
  • the resulting treated topsheet has a critical surface tension in the range of from about 7 to about 30 dynes per centimeter.
  • a discontinuous -film of oleaginous moisture barrier material is applied to the central portion of each topsheet in the manner hereinafter set forth and the film-bearing topsheet is applied to the absorptive pad as described above.
  • the film in each case comprises a multiplicity of discrete droplets ranging in size from about 0.05 mm. to about 1.0 mm. in diameter and has a cumulative weight per unit area of from about 0.001 to about 0.020 gram per square inch.
  • Example I A sample of the porous topsheet described above is saturated with a 1% by weight solution of N-methyl, N- perfluorooctane-sulfonyl acrylamide polymer (prepared in accordance with the method of US. Patent 2,995,542) in xylenehexafluoride solvent and passed through the nip of squeeze rolls to remove excess solution. The topsheet is then dried by placement in an oven for minutes at 150 C. The result is a treated topsheet which is hydrophobic and oleophobic whereby discrete droplets of waste fluids and of mineral oil deposited on the web surface will remain or run off rather than spread and Wet the surface.
  • the topsheet can be sized with the polymer in an aqueous latex dispersion.
  • the oleaginous moisture barrier material which is applied to the resulting topsheet is liquid petrolatum, U.S.P. XIV, of a droplet size of from about 0.20 mm. to about 0.80 mm. and an average weight of about .010 gram per square inch.
  • the absorptive pad-topsheet unit is found to be effective in a disposable diaper for at least several months following assembly.
  • barrier materials are substituted for the liquid petrolatum, U.S.P. XIV, material described in the above example: lanolin, codliver oil, triglycerides of stearic, palmitic and oleic acids, soybean oil, peanut oil, cottonseed oil, rapeseed oil, olive oil, palm oil and coconut oil.
  • Example II A sample of the porous topsheet described above is padded with a 5% by weight solution of N,N-methylenedi-(methylene-bis-l,l-dihydro perfluorooctyl carbamate) in acetone and then dried and heated in an air oven at 150 C. for three minutes.
  • the treated topsheet on which is deposited about 4% by weight of the fluorochemical is highly hydrophobic and oleophobic.
  • the oleaginous moisture barrier material which is applied to the resulting topsheet is light liquid petrolatum having a viscosity of 85 S.U.S. at 100 F. admixed with an additive comprising the sodium salt of stearic acid in a quantity of 5% by weight of the petrolatum.
  • Themixture is found to be very effective as a moisture barrier material and highly resistant to penetration of the treated fabric for considerable periods of time.
  • Example III Samples of the porous topsheet described above were saturated with a fluorocarbon polymer emulsion known as Scotchgard FC208 (product of the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co.) at polymer levels of .18, .46 and .5 by weight of solution whereby to effectively coat the fibers of the topsheets with fluorocarbon at levels ranging from about 0.2 to about 0.5% by weight of solids/ weight of fabric.
  • the topsheets were then dried by beating them to a temperature of F. for 10 minutes and upon testing each was found to be highly hydrophobic-oleophobic.
  • each of the resulting topsheets of this example has a critical surface tension of less than about 20 dynes per centimeter.
  • the critical surface tension of each of the topsheets of this example is at least about 5 dynes per centimeter lower than the surface tension of the said barrier materials and the said barrier materials do not spread out and do not wet the surfaces of the topsheets.
  • Example IV An 18" wide continuous web of the porous topsheet described was drawn at a speed of 22 feet per minute through a set of nip rolls, one of which is covered by an 8" wide felt material saturated by a spray delivering an emulsion comprising .056% by weight of the fluorocarbon polymer of Scotchgard FC208.
  • the web was saturated by said emulsion along an 8" wide central area, dried on a heated roll supplied with steam at about 295 F. and cut transversely to result in a plurality of the above-mentioned 14 /2" Wide by 18" long topsheets.
  • the fluorocarbon polymer solids deposited in said 8" wide central area amounted to about .23% by weight of the dried fabric substrate and was found to be satisfactorily hydrophobic-oleophobic for the purpose of this invention.
  • Example V The process of Example IV was repeated using an emulsion comprising .5 by weight of the fluorocarbon polymer of Scotchgard FC208 and the solids deposited in said 8" wide central area amounted to 2.13 by weight of the dried fabric substrate.
  • the polymer coated portion of the topsheets made from the treated web was found to be highly hydrophobic-oleophobic and well suited for use in the present invention.
  • Example VI The following solution composition was prepared:
  • HA-8 an acrylic bonding material distributed by Rohm & Haas Co. and containing 45% solids
  • Example VII A solution similar to that of Example VI was prepared, but using 89.5 parts by weight of water and 3.0 parts by weight of the emulsion. After application to an unbonded web of rayon fiber and drying as indicated, the dry web was found to contain approximately .05% by weight fluorocarbon polymer solids. Here, too, the web was wellbonded and found to possess the hydrophobic-oleophobic properties required for a topsheet of the present invention.
  • Example VIII A perfiuoroalkylsulfoamidoalkyl ester of phosphoric acid is prepared as follows: 200 grams of N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfoamidoethyl alcohol is admixed with 100 ml. benzene and 150 ml. of benzotrifluoride. Then 40 grams of pyridine is added, after which 16.7 grams of phosphorus oxytrichloride is added with stirring. The mixture is refluxed for 16 hours, cooled and filtered. The residue is slurried with water, filtered and dried under vacuum at 60 C.
  • the prepared phosphate is applied to the porous topsheet described in a 1% solution in acetone-methyl chloroform (:90 weight percent) by the well-known padding technique.
  • the topsheet is dried at 150 C. for ten minutes and found to be well-adapted for use as the topsheet of this invention.
  • Example IX A Werner-type chromium complex of the acid CF (CF C0OH is prepared as follows: 2.59 parts by weight of acid is dissolved in 51 parts by weight of isopropyl alcohol. Then a 34% by weight solution of chromylchloride in carbon tetrachloride is added below the surface of the alcohol solution with stirring, the amount being 8.24 parts by weight. The resulting solution has a ratio of chromium to acid of 2.88 chromium atoms to each molecule of acid. The rate of addition of the chromylchloride solution to the alcohol solution of the acid is adjusted to maintain the temperature of the mixture at 43 C.
  • the reaction mixture is distilled to remove carbon tetrachloride, the amount of distillate removed being 19 parts by weight.
  • the mixture is then cooled and .26 parts by weight of Water and 1.6 parts by weight of isopropyl alcohol are added to provide a solution containing approximately 30% by weight of solids.
  • the 30% stock solution is diluted to 1% total solids by adding 3.3 volumes of solids solution to 50 volumes of distilled water and then adding to this solution 12.2 volumes of a 30% aqueous solution of urea as a buffer and HCl scavenger.
  • the solution is then diluted to a total of 100 volumes with distilled water.
  • the 1% solution is applied to the porous topsheet described by the well-known padding technique to obtain a wet pickup sufficient to result in a final solids concentration of about 0.6% by Weight of the topsheet and cured at 157 C. for 6 minutes.
  • the cured fabric is washed thoroughly With water to remove excess urea and dried.
  • the dried fabric is highly hydrophobic and oleophobic.
  • Example X 1,1-dihydroperfluorooctyl acrylate polymer is prepared as described in U.S. Patent 2,642,416 and is incorporated in an emulsion containing the polymer at a level of about 1% by weight of solution.
  • the emulsion is applied to the above-described porous topsheet by known padding techniques whereby polymer is deposited thereon in quantities of about 0.6% by weight of the topsheet.
  • the topsheet is dried by heating the same to 170 F. for minutes,
  • the treated dried fabric is hydrophobic-oleophobic and useful in connection with the present invention.
  • porous topsheet is similarly treated by like quantities of 1,1-dihydroperfluorooctyl methacrylate, i.e., CH :C(CH )COOCH C F and a substantially similarly satisfactory result is achieved with respect to hydrophobic-oleophobic properties.
  • fiuorochemical compounds in quantities of at least about .05 by weight of fabric are required.
  • the upper limit of the quantity of fiuorochemical compound can range as high as about 10% by weight of the fabric, although for economy it is preferred to limit the same to less than 2%.
  • FIGURE 2 shows fibers 12a of topsheet 12 coated completely with a treating material 13 whereby droplets 14a of oleaginous moisture barrier materials will not wet the surfaces of the fibers.
  • Apparatus for applying the discontinuous film 14 of oleaginous moisture barrier material is illustrated in FIGURES 3 and 4, in which cylindrically-shaped screen member 16 is rotated through a pool 17 of such material and delivers the material to an application position A at a substantially constant rate.
  • the screen member 16 comprises a multiplicity of rings 18 which are axially aligned and spaced from one another and has a covering of wire fabric 20 of about U.S. Standard 40 mesh.
  • the cross-section of the ring is as small as possible while retaining sufiicient rigidity to support the screen member in a radial direction.
  • such rings 18 constructed of 20 gauge stainless steel can have a radial thickness of about when the outside diameter of the member 16 is about 12".
  • the rings 18 and the fabric 20 are united, as by spot welding, whereby to form an integral assembly having an axial length equal to the desired width of film 14.
  • the pool 17 of oleaginous moisture barrier material is contained by a tray 22.
  • the tray 22 can be made of sheet metal, plastic or the like and is of sufiicient height to contain the required depth of barrier material.
  • the tray 22 has a length greater than the axial length of the screen member 16 and a width which permits it to accept the portion of the periphery of the member 16 which is to be rotated therethrough.
  • the screen member 16 is freely supported on two spaced driving rolls 24 of similar construction which span the length of tray 22.
  • the rolls each comprise a steel body 28 having an outwardly projecting shoulder 28a at each end.
  • the length of the body 28 between the shoulders 28a is slightly greater than the length of screen member 16 and is preferably covered by a layer 28b of elastomeric material such as neoprene or other oil-resistant substance.
  • a shaft 30 is afiixed within the axial bore extending through the body 28 by means of a key or set screws or the like.
  • the shaft is suitably rotatably supported by bearings (not shown) in standards 32 and by means of which the rolls 24 are held in position above the tray 22 and spaced by an amount sufficient to permit the screen member 16 to extend into the pool 17 by a predetermined amount.
  • the axes of the rolls 24 can be spaced 13" from one another and 1% above the level of pool 17.
  • the rolls 24 are rotated at constant speed through a drive arrangement including sprocket 26 and chain 26a.
  • the rotation of the rolls 24 causes the screen member 16 suppgrted thereby to rotate at approximately the same spee
  • Extending axially within the screen member 16 in a position adjacent the application position A thereof is an air nozzle 34 which presents a slot extending full length of the screen member 16.
  • the nozzle can be of any form of construction but in the embodiment illustrated comprises a body 36 of substantially U-shaped cross-section, to the inclined edges 36a of which are adjustably afiixed nozzle plates 38. Adjustability of the plates permits the adjacent lips thereof to be spaced as desired to form the slot whereby to control the velocity and flow rate of pressurized air therebetween and may be accomplished by a plurality of spaced machine screw-slot arrangements 40.
  • the ends of the body 36-nozzle plate 38 assembly are closedby gaskets 42 of resilient material and end plates 44 fastened to body 36 by machine screws or the like.
  • a threaded stud 36a projects outwardly from one end plate 44 and the nozzle 34 is therewith adjustably secured within a vertical slot 46a in a support 46 by means of nut 36b.
  • An air supply pipe 48 is engaged within a threaded bore in the other end plate 44 and establishes communication between the interior of nozzle 34 (through an aperture in the contiguous gasket 42) and a source of pressurized air.
  • the pipe 48 is suspended by an adjustable hanger (not shown) whereby each side of the nozzle 34 is vertically adjustable.
  • a continuous length of the hydrophobic-oleophobic treated web 12 of the desired width is located above the screen member 16, moving at constant speed and passing adjacent the application station A.
  • the web is supported and guided by idlers 50, only two of which are shown in the drawing. Means to feed, guide and collect such webs are well known in the art and therefore not described in detail.
  • a film of the material comprising pool 17 is picked up on the fabric 20 and carried to the application station A at which point the airjet from the nozzle 34 blows the material from the fabric onto the adjacent surface of the web 12, thereby forming the discontinuous film 14.
  • the screen member 16 and web 12 moving at the same speed and employing mineral oil as the oleaginous moisture barrier material, the jet of air emanating from the slot applies the film of mineral oil carried by the fabric 20 to the web 12.
  • the mineral oil on the web 12 is in the form of droplets having diameters in the size ranges given above, thus presenting the desired continuous film 14 which contains from about 0.003 to about 0.006 gram of mineral oil per square inch and has a width approximately equal to the length of screen member 16. If an increase in the quantity of mineral oil per unit area is required, then the speed of the screen member 16 is increased relative to that of the web 12. On the other hand, the quantity of mineral oil per unit area can be reduced by decreasing the speed of screen member 16 relative to the speed of web 12.
  • the velocity of gas driving the oleaginous material from the fabric 20 to web 12 at application station A should be sufiicient to transport the droplets, yet not so great as to drive the droplets deeply into or through the web 12 since in-use subsequent transfer of deeply embedded droplets to the infants skin is inhibited.
  • the gas velocity is adjusted depending upon the size spectrum of the droplets, the porosity and depth of the web 12, the distance between fabric 20 and the Web 12 and the like parameters for the specific equipment and materials employed in use.
  • topsheets 10 are employed as the body-contacting portion of disposable diapers and can, for example, be combined with the balance of the disposable diaper as described in Duncan et al., US. Patent 3,180,335. Whatever the specific form of construction might be, the topsheet is applied to one side of an absorptive pad, oriented with the face thereof carrying the film 14 of oleaginous moisture barrier material outermost.
  • the diaper is folded wallet-fashion so that the topsheet is within the interior of the folded device and therefore only contacts itself.
  • Such disposable diapers can be stored for extended pc- 10 riods of time without loss of the film 14 therefrom and without migration of the oleaginous moisture barrier material into the absorbent pad.
  • the film 14 transfers to the infants skin upon contact therewith and establishes a barrier which insulates and therefore protects the skin from maceration caused by waste fluids and irritants which may be present in the fecal matter trapped by the diaper.
  • the possibility of an infant developing diaper rash is substantially reduced, under equal conditions of use, relative to the use of other diapers which do not employ the topsheet 10 of the present invention.
  • it is possible with this approach to increase the time between diaper changes while holding diaper rash levels substantially constant an alternative preferred by many parents.
  • a diaper comprising an absorptive pad covered on one face by a topsheet made of a thin, porous web of fibrous material, wherein the improvement comprises employing fibers the surfaces of which are hydrophobic and oleophobic, said hydrophobic-oleophobic surfaced fibers comprising at least the central portion of said topsheet, said topsheet having on at least the central portion of and substantially only on its outer face, prior to application of the diaper to an infant, a discontinuous film of an oleaginous moisture barrier material suitable for application to the skin of an infant.
  • the diaper of claim 1 in which the critical surface tension of said topsheet in at least the central portion thereof is less than about 25 dynes per centimeter at 20 C. and at least about 5 dynes per centimeter lower than the surface tension of said oleaginous moisture barrier material.
  • said oleaginous barrier material is selected from the group consisting of: niineral oils, vegetable oils, animal oils and mixtures there- 0 6.
  • said mineral oil is selected from the class consisting of: liquid petrolatum, light liquid petrolatum, petrolatum and mixtures thereof.
  • said vegetable oil is selected from the class consisting of: soybean oil, peanut oil, cottonseed oil, rapeseed oil, olive oil, palm oil, coconut oil and mixtures thereof.
  • said animal oil is selected from the class consisting of: lanolin, codliver oil, triglycerides of stearic, palmitic and oleic acids and mixtures thereof.
  • said barrier material contains an additive for increasing its viscosity, said additive being selected from the class consisting of: triglycerides of stearic, palmitic and oleic acids; zinc oxide; calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium salts of fatty acids having molecules containing between 12 and 22 carbon atoms and mixtures thereof.
  • a diaper comprising an absorptive pad covered on one face by a topsheet made of a thin porous web of fibrous material, wherein the improvement comprises employing fibers the surfaces of which are hydrophobic and oleophobic, said hydrophobic-oleophobic surfaced fibers comprising at least the central portion of said topsheet and imparting thereto a critical surface tension of less than about 25 dynes per centimeter at 20 C., said topsheet having on at least the central portion of its outer face a discontinuous film of an oleaginous moisture barrier material suitable for application to the skin of an infant, said critical surface tension of said central portion of said topsheet being at least about dynes per centimeter lower than the surface tension of said oleaginous moisture barrier material, the said hydrophobic and oleophobic surfaces of said fibers resulting from the application of a coating of an oil and water-repelling fluorochemical compound to the fibers.
  • the said fluorochemical compound is selected from the class consisting of (a) acrylates and methacrylatesof hydroxyl compounds containing a highly fluorinated residue and their polymers and copolymers, (b) chromium coordination complexes of saturated perfluoromonocarboxylic acids, (c) perfluoronated ethers, (d) perfiuoroalkanoic acids, (e) fluorocarbonsulfonyl acrylamides and methacrylamides and their polymers, (f) perfiuoroalkylsulfoamidoalkyl esters of phosphorus acids, and (g) compounds containing fluoroalkyl carbamato chains interconnected by methylene bridges.
  • the diaper of claim 10 in which the quantity of oleaginous moisture barrier material contained in said film is in the range of from about .001 to about .020 gram per square inch.
  • a disposable diaper having an absorbent pad and a porous fibrous topsheet overlying one surface of the pad, wherein the improvement comprises the fibers in at least the central portion of said topsheet being coated with a fluorochemical compound having a critical surface tension of less than 20 dynes per centimeter at 20 C., the outer face of said topsheet having on at least the central portion thereof a discontinuous film comprising discrete droplets of an oleaginous material suitable for application to the skin of an infant, said oleaginous material having a surface tension at least 5 dynes per centimeter higher than that of the coated portion of the topsheet References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,999,265 9/1961 Duane et al.

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FR1548038A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1968-11-29
DE1610547B2 (de) 1979-02-08
DE1610547C3 (de) 1979-09-27
DE1610547A1 (de) 1971-07-08
NL6717354A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1968-06-21
BE708264A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1968-06-20
GB1180960A (en) 1970-02-11

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