US3487511A - Slide fastener with woven support tape - Google Patents

Slide fastener with woven support tape Download PDF

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Publication number
US3487511A
US3487511A US619768A US3487511DA US3487511A US 3487511 A US3487511 A US 3487511A US 619768 A US619768 A US 619768A US 3487511D A US3487511D A US 3487511DA US 3487511 A US3487511 A US 3487511A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
fabric
tube
coupling element
heads
threads
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US619768A
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English (en)
Inventor
Alfons Frohlich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Opti Holding AG
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Opti Holding AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Opti Holding AG filed Critical Opti Holding AG
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Publication of US3487511A publication Critical patent/US3487511A/en
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44B—BUTTONS, PINS, BUCKLES, SLIDE FASTENERS, OR THE LIKE
    • A44B19/00—Slide fasteners
    • A44B19/42—Making by processes not fully provided for in one other class, e.g. B21D53/50, B21F45/18, B22D17/16, B29D5/00
    • A44B19/52—Securing the interlocking members to stringer tapes while making the latter
    • A44B19/54—Securing the interlocking members to stringer tapes while making the latter while weaving the stringer tapes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T24/00—Buckles, buttons, clasps, etc.
    • Y10T24/25—Zipper or required component thereof
    • Y10T24/2518—Zipper or required component thereof having coiled or bent continuous wire interlocking surface
    • Y10T24/252—Zipper or required component thereof having coiled or bent continuous wire interlocking surface with stringer tape interwoven or knitted therewith

Definitions

  • a slide-fastener assembly having a pair of slide-fastener halves, each provided with a respective longitudinally extending support tape and a respective coupling element extending along said tape and having spaced-apart heads matingly interengageable with the corresponding heads of the coupling element of the other slide-fastener half, each of said tapes being formed with a fabric tube extending therealong and provided with a respective row of openings, the coupling elements being disposed in said tubes with their heads extending through the openings of the respective row and said fabric tubes being shrunk onto said coupling elements to retain them on the respective tapes.
  • My present invention relates to a slide-fastener assembly having a pair of slide-fastener halves each provided with a respective support tape and a coupling element extending along an edge of the support tape for engagement with the complementary coupling element of the other tape half; the invention also relates to a method of and apparatus for making a slide-fastener assembly of this type.
  • the principal object of the present invention to provide an improved slide-fastener assembly in which the coupling element has a better anchorage and more accurate emplacement with respect to the web than has been possible heretofore.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an improved method of making a slide-fastener assembly in which the coupling element is anchored to a fabric tape or support band without stitching and can be joined thereto efliciently and rapidly.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a slide-fastener assembly and method of making same whereby the coupling elements are substantially coplanar with the respective fabric webs, are firmly anchored thereto, and are concealed in major part by these tapes without causing the assembly to bulge in an unesthetic manner.
  • the tube is formed integrally with the remainder of the fabric band, i.e. the web portion thereof, whereby the fabric band is attached to a support, and the openings are formed by omission of threads in the weaving operation, or between the threads in an open-mesh structure.
  • each of the fabric support tapes is formed with a row of thoroughgoing openings longitudinally of the tape while a continuous coupling element of the helicoidal or meandering type (see the aforementioned patents) is mounted upon the tape by insertion of its heads through the row of openings thus provided; the tape is thereafter subjected to a chemical or thermal shrinkage operation to condense the fabric at least in the direction of the Weft threads defining the openings to hug the heads of the coupling elements and anchor the latter to the fabric.
  • shrinkage can be effected by heat when the fabric is composed of thermoplastic threads or by chemical treatment when natural fabrics are used.
  • shrinkage in the weft or transverse direction of the fabric is greater than that in the longitudinal direction, while the weft threads (if thermoplastic) can be provided with formations serving as stops for the warp threads bordering these openings.
  • each slidefastener half is woven with warp threads running in the longitudinal dimension of the tape and weft thread transversely thereof so as to have a row of throughgoing openings along one edge of the fabric band by omission of the corresponding warp threads.
  • At least one relatively thick flexible cord is woven, as a fillet, into the fabric adjoining the row of openings along the outer edge of the tape.
  • the continuous coupling element of meandering or helicoidal configuration is inserted with its heads through the corresponding openings and is anchored to the tape by shrinking the fabric.
  • the beads formed by the relatively thick cords lie along respective flanks ally planar.
  • the coupling elements may be of pear-shaped cross-section with relatively large loop-shaped heads matingly interengageable with the heads of the other coupling elements but with shanks which lie in planes perpendicular to the webs. Shrinkage is then carried out by chemical treatment when natural fibers are used, or by heat treatment when thermally shrinkable synthetic resins are employed.
  • the shrinking operation can involve immersion, spraying or steam treatment of the tape; for cotton-thread fabrics or cotton warp threads, treatment by immersion in aqueous caustic solutions (e.g. sodium hydroxide) is preferred.
  • aqueous caustic solutions e.g. sodium hydroxide
  • the treatment may involve subjecting the fabric or threads to temperatures of 180 C. to 200 C. in steam or hot air for periods of 20 seconds to 2 minutes.
  • the fabric tube is composed of thermoplastic or natural shrinkable fibers and is located along the edge of the band into which it is integrally woven or knitted by conventional techniques used in the production of tubular fabrics, or at a central location along the band (e.g. midway between the longitudinal edges thereof).
  • these methods include weaving techniques in which weft and warp threads are interwoven, with the warp threads running longitudinally along the plane, and the weft threads extending transversely so as to constitute the threads defining the openings through which the heads of the coil or protuberances of the coupling elements are inserted.
  • the conventional methods may make use of circular knitting machines, socalled tube-forming needle heads for Weaving looms and the like, all being conventional in the fabric art.
  • I have found that it is relatively simple to insert continuous coupling elements of the meandering or helicoidal type into the tube which is initially formed with a cross-section equal to or greater than that of the coupling elements, but has a shrunk cross-section less than that of the coupling elements; insertion can be effected with ease when the coupling element is enclosed at least in part or embraced in a synthetic-resin foil of channelor U- shaped configuration which opens in the direction of the head and forms a smooth surface in those regions in which the coupling element engages the fabric.
  • the coil Upon shrinkage of the tube, therefore, the coil is embraced in its entirety and forms a sleeve around the turns of the coupling element, thereby strengthening the anchorage.
  • a guide channel of similar cross-section can be provided in the harness of the loom, and the coupling element inserted by feeding it along this channel.
  • the weft threads between the heads of the coupling elements are thrust inwardly against a core element extending within the coupling member prior to the shrinkage of the tube, thereby positioning these weft threads between the heads of the coupling elements.
  • This step can be carried out by bending back the fabric tube and the flexible coupling element contained therein through a relatively small radius, thereby spreading the head and enabling a toothed wheel to mesh with these heads and force the weft threads inwardly.
  • the weft threads have only limited shrinkability or are preshrunk before they are intercolated into the fabric so that a shrinkage of or more is sustained by the weft threads in the manner previously described, thereby condensing the cross-section of the tube without materially reducing the length of the band.
  • Some longitudinal shrinkage is, however, desirable when the heads of the coupling elements are interconnected or bear upon one another on one side and the weft threads act as spacers. In this case, the interthread spacing can be accurately established by controlled longitudinal shrinkage of the band to set the desired spread of the heads.
  • the core element which can be composed of braided fabric, cords, elastomeric strands or the like, can serve as a mandrel engaged by the weft threads upon shrinkage. It has been found that the presence of such a cord, with or without the U-section foil mentioned earlier, sharply increases the strength of the anchorage.
  • the fabric tubes can be made by any other method of producing fabric or fabric-like bodies from shrinkable threads. Typical methods include braiding and knotting or lace-making techniques. The fabrics and shrinkage conditions used are those described in the aforementioned copending applications.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic perspective view, drawn to a greatly enlarged scale, illustrating a phase of the present method
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the relationship between the fabric tube and coupling element of the present invention after a further step in the process;
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 2 but showing the slide fastener in a connected condition
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view diagrammatically illustrating how the coupling element is introduced into the fabric tube
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line V-V of FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view of a spreading mechanism downstream of the insertion device of FIG. 4 in the direction of movement of the fabric;
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VII-VII of FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 8 is a view generally similar to FIG. 1 but showing a knit fabric tube
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a further embodiment of this invention.
  • a slide-fastener assembly comprises a pair of slide-fastener halves H each provided with a respective fabric support tape 1 integrally Woven or knitted with a fabric tube 5 in which a flattened helicoidal coupling element 2 is disposed.
  • This coupling element can have the configuration also of a meandering element and can be made as set forth in one or more of the aforementioned US. patents.
  • the coupling element is composed of a monofilamentary synthetic resin (e.g. a nylon-type polyamide) upon which the coupling heads 4 are formed by hot-die pressing or the like.
  • the heads 4 are here shown to be molded from loops 3 which protrude from the tubes 5 and interengage at 10 (FIG. 3) so that a narrow gap 10 only is exposed.
  • the fabric tubes otherwise fully enclose the coupling elements 2.
  • the heads 3, 4 of the continuous coupling element pass through openings between the weft threads of the fabric tube or through openings in the normal mesh structure of the tube whereupon shrinkage of the tube anchors the coupling element in place.
  • a fabric, cord-like or elastomeric core 6 extends continuously through the coupling element 2 and forms a mandrel which is seized by the Weft threads 23 upon shrinkage of the tube 5 as will become apparent hereinafter.
  • at least the enclosed portion of the coupling element is surrounded by a U-section channel-shaped thermoplastic synthetic-resin foil 9 which, together with the core 6, increases the grip of the tube 5 upon the coupling element.
  • the slidefastener assembly is manufactured, in accordance with this invention, essentially by the following steps:
  • the fabric band 1 is woven from weft threads 7 and warp threads 8 of chemically or thermally shrinkable fiber so as to integrally form the tube 5 thereon during the fabric-making steps and by the use of conven tional tools.
  • a number of warp threads may be omitted along the edge E at which the heads 3, 4 of the coupling elements are to be exposed, thereby forming openings 30 in the fabric structure as illustrated in FIG. 6 and described in the aforementioned concurrently filed copending applications.
  • the warp threads are subjected to a preshrinking operation (ie to heat treatment or chemical treatment) by conventional means prior to intercalation into the fabric.
  • the tube 5, during its manufacturing process, is dimensioned to have a cross-section at least equal to that of the helicoidal coupling element 2 to be subsequently introduced (FIG. 1).
  • the helicoidal coupling element 2 is inserted into the tube 5 (cf. FIGS. 4 and 5) with or without the foil covering 9 (adapted to facilitate the feeding of the coupling element 2 into the tube 5) so that the weft threads 23 lie outwardly of the coupling element 2.
  • the heads 3, 4 of the coupling element 2 are connected at one end or bear upon each other so as to maintain interhead gaps 31 which are established by the threads 23 disposed between the openings.
  • the gaps between these heads are set to the predetermined width during shrinkage of the tube whereby these threads form spacers and the longitudinal shrinkage of the tube, although less than the transverse shrinkage thereof (e.g. about 5% as compared to l5% sets the coupling element in a precise fashion.
  • the threads 23 are of uniform thickness and constitute precision spacers between the heads permitting the establishment of any interhead-gap widths, merely by selection of the number of threads 23 to be disposed between each pair of adjoining heads or the thickness of these threads.
  • the tube 105 is knitted onto the band 101 by conventional circular knitting machines or the like.
  • the threads used for the courses and wales are of identical shrinkage characteristics and have, as the weft threads of FIGS. 1 through 3, a minimum shrinkage of about 10% in linear dimension.
  • the heads of coupling elements 102 which are of elliptical cross-section, are exposed.
  • the tubes 5 and 105 of FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 8 are shown to be located along the edge of the tape whereby the tube 5 or 105 is located in the plane P and the major axis of the helicoidal coil coupling element 2 of elliptical crosssection is likewise located in this plane, the tube 205 of FIG.
  • FIGS. 4 through 7 there is represented a weaving loom 50 which forms the band 13 with a tubular sleeve 14 via a harness 51 represented in dot-dash lines.
  • the harness 51 of the loom is provided with a bent guide channel 11 of U-shaped configuration (FIG. 5) through which the elliptical-section coupling element 12 and the core 12' are fed so that the bight portions 12" ride along the web 16 of the channel formed by this guide.
  • the preshrunk warp threads are fed to the loom at 53.
  • a spreading device represented at 15, one of the rollers of which is illustrated at 19 in FIGS. 5 ,through 7.
  • the roller 19 engages the back of the sleeve 14 and directs it about a center of curvature C represented by the axis of rotation of the roller 19.
  • a triangularly shaped knee 24 is provided with'a deflecting surface 20 about which the sleeve 14 and the coupling element 12 are sharply bent to spread the heads 17.
  • the teeth 21 of a toothed wheel 18 in mesh with the heads 17 thrust the weft threads 23 into the roots between these heads and against the core 12.
  • the weft threads 23 between the heads form spacers to establish the gaps 31 as previously described and are bunched in triangular or wedge-shaped bundles to retain the coupling elements with considerable strength.
  • the tube Downstream of the spreading device 15 and beyond the end of the channel 16, the tube passes into a shrinking stage 60 in which the fabric is contracted about the coupling elements.
  • the shrinking system may include conveyor belts carrying the hand through a chemical-treatment zone or a throughput oven of conventional design for heat shrinkage.
  • a method of making a slide-fastener assembly comprising a pair of slide-fastener halves each provided with a respective longitudinally extending support tape and a respective coupling element extending along said tape and having spaced-apart heads matingly interengageable with the coupling element of the other slide-fastener half, said method comprising the steps of:
  • each of said tapes by providing a longitudinally extending fabric band with a longitudinal fabric tube of a cross-section equal at least to the cross-section of the respective coupling element and composed at least in part of shrinkable threads, while forming said tubes with a row of openings;
  • each tube and the respective coupling element are bent through a radius of curvature in a sense designed to spread the' heads while said threads are thrust between them.
  • a fastener half for a slide-fastener assembly having two such halves symmetrically disposed for mutual engagement, comprising: 7
  • a support tape including a web and a tube jointly woven from weft and warp threads, said warp threads extending longitudinally of said tube, said tube having an exposed side with a row of openings formed by omission of some 'warp threads, said openings being mutually separated by intervening weft threads;
  • said element consisting of a succession of loops conforming to thecross-section of said tube and closely surrounded on all sides except said exposed side by the warp and weft threads thereof, said loops having portions projecting outwardly through said openings and forming heads engageable with fastener half; v a core inserted into said element and fitting closely within said loops while terminating short of said those of a mating heads, said intervening weft threads bearing uponanedge of said core confronting said openings; and

Landscapes

  • Slide Fasteners (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
US619768A 1966-03-03 1967-03-01 Slide fastener with woven support tape Expired - Lifetime US3487511A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEO0011486 1966-03-03
DEO0011485 1966-03-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3487511A true US3487511A (en) 1970-01-06

Family

ID=25989512

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US619768A Expired - Lifetime US3487511A (en) 1966-03-03 1967-03-01 Slide fastener with woven support tape

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US3487511A (da)
AT (2) AT298369B (da)
BE (1) BE694737A (da)
CH (1) CH468801A (da)
DE (2) DE1610364B1 (da)
ES (2) ES337544A1 (da)
FR (1) FR1512281A (da)
GB (1) GB1173085A (da)
NL (2) NL139193B (da)
NO (1) NO120386B (da)
SE (1) SE326591B (da)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3796237A (en) * 1971-09-14 1974-03-12 Opti Holding Ag Tape-supported slide-fastener and method of making same
US4011895A (en) * 1972-05-09 1977-03-15 Ruggero Dal Negro Tape-supported slide fastener element
US4058144A (en) * 1969-03-21 1977-11-15 Italo Americana Prentice S.P.A. Tape-supported slide-fastener element
US4313245A (en) * 1978-06-10 1982-02-02 Yoshida Kogyo, K.K. Stringer tape for slide fasteners
US4675950A (en) * 1985-04-19 1987-06-30 Yoshida Kogyo K.K. Slide fastener suitable for use on articles made of plastics material
US4822060A (en) * 1985-02-21 1989-04-18 The Bentley-Harris Manufacturing Company Woven tubular gasket with continuous integral attachment means

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2065878C3 (de) * 1970-04-04 1980-11-20 Opti Patent-, Forschungs- Und Fabrikations-Ag, Glarus (Schweiz) Reißverschluß mit gewirkten Tragbändern
JPS558738A (en) * 1978-07-03 1980-01-22 Yoshida Kogyo Kk Slide fastener
JPS5519180A (en) * 1978-07-28 1980-02-09 Yoshida Kogyo Kk Slide fastener

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1557304A (en) * 1925-01-21 1925-10-13 Marinsky Davis Fastening device
US3022803A (en) * 1959-06-26 1962-02-27 Prym Werke William Method of producing slide fasteners
US3047923A (en) * 1958-03-12 1962-08-07 Walter Erich Heilmann Helical thread sliding clasp fasteners
US3136016A (en) * 1963-04-12 1964-06-09 Scovill Manufacturing Co Plastic zipper with heat shielding
US3179996A (en) * 1963-09-03 1965-04-27 Ries G M B H Bekleidungsversch Concealed slide fastener
US3247871A (en) * 1962-02-23 1966-04-26 Guy Serge Pierre Lacam Method of producing zip fasteners

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US3123103A (en) * 1964-03-03 Means for weaving a pre-formed slide
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DE493985C (de) * 1930-03-15 Teufel Wilh Jul Fa Verfahren zur Herstellung von in der Breite unterschiedlichen, bandartigen Geweben mit festen Webkanten
DE101400C (da) *
GB314329A (en) * 1928-06-25 1930-05-01 App Swift Sa Soc D Improvements in sliding clasp fasteners
DE683651C (de) * 1938-05-28 1939-11-11 Paul Schweikert Gewebter Bezug fuer Decken mit herausnehmbaren Fuellschlaeuchen
BE431012A (da) * 1938-09-09
FR850409A (fr) * 1939-02-16 1939-12-16 Dispositif de fermeture à coulisse
GB539601A (en) * 1940-05-20 1941-09-17 Aero Zipp Fastfners Ltd Improvements in or relating to sliding clasp fasteners
US2343348A (en) * 1941-10-30 1944-03-07 Wahl Nicolas Making separable fasteners
US2432841A (en) * 1946-06-29 1947-12-16 Wahl Brothers Tape for separable fasteners
FR948044A (fr) * 1947-05-29 1949-07-20 F Calemard Ets Procédé de revêtement des joints, barres, barreaux, tubes, cadres, garnitures ou autres objets analogues
BE498737A (da) * 1949-10-28
DE1652857U (de) * 1952-09-13 1953-03-26 August Buenger Fa Gewebtes band.
DE1661038U (de) * 1953-05-16 1953-08-13 Scharpenack & Teschenmacher G Schlauchband mit einlage.
DE1672937U (de) * 1953-10-16 1954-03-04 Gust Funkenberg G M B H Gewebtes band, insbesondere zur herstellung von dichtungskedern fuer kraftwagentueren.
GB758533A (en) * 1953-12-02 1956-10-03 Narrow Fabrics Lilleys Ltd Improvements in or relating to tapes for sliding clasp fasteners
DE1717690U (de) * 1955-12-05 1956-02-23 Kruse & Soehne G M B H Gurtband.
DE1023422B (de) * 1956-01-11 1958-01-23 Kruse & Soehne G M B H Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Reissverschlussbaendern
DE1090604B (de) * 1957-10-10 1960-10-13 Ruhrmann Fa Dr Ing Josef Reissverschluss mit verdeckten Gliedern und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
DE1087096B (de) * 1958-03-12 1960-08-18 Dr Hugo Wilcken Verdeckter Schraubenfederreissverschluss aus Kunststoff
BE581225A (da) * 1958-08-07
AT219526B (da) * 1958-09-27 1962-02-12 Patentgesellschaft Plate & Co.
CH361765A (fr) * 1958-10-21 1962-04-30 Yoshida Tadao Appareil à tisser un ruban de fermeture à glissière muni d'un élément hélicoïdal
DE1152073B (de) * 1960-03-25 1963-08-01 Ries G M B H Bekleidungsversch Reissverschluss mit einer fortlaufenden Gliederreihe aus Kunststoff
US3089231A (en) * 1960-12-30 1963-05-14 Waldes Kohinoor Inc Slide fastener manufacture
DE1164724B (de) * 1961-07-21 1964-03-05 Ries G M B H Bekleidungsversch Reissverschluss

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1557304A (en) * 1925-01-21 1925-10-13 Marinsky Davis Fastening device
US3047923A (en) * 1958-03-12 1962-08-07 Walter Erich Heilmann Helical thread sliding clasp fasteners
US3022803A (en) * 1959-06-26 1962-02-27 Prym Werke William Method of producing slide fasteners
US3247871A (en) * 1962-02-23 1966-04-26 Guy Serge Pierre Lacam Method of producing zip fasteners
US3136016A (en) * 1963-04-12 1964-06-09 Scovill Manufacturing Co Plastic zipper with heat shielding
US3179996A (en) * 1963-09-03 1965-04-27 Ries G M B H Bekleidungsversch Concealed slide fastener

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4058144A (en) * 1969-03-21 1977-11-15 Italo Americana Prentice S.P.A. Tape-supported slide-fastener element
US3796237A (en) * 1971-09-14 1974-03-12 Opti Holding Ag Tape-supported slide-fastener and method of making same
US4011895A (en) * 1972-05-09 1977-03-15 Ruggero Dal Negro Tape-supported slide fastener element
US4313245A (en) * 1978-06-10 1982-02-02 Yoshida Kogyo, K.K. Stringer tape for slide fasteners
US4822060A (en) * 1985-02-21 1989-04-18 The Bentley-Harris Manufacturing Company Woven tubular gasket with continuous integral attachment means
US4675950A (en) * 1985-04-19 1987-06-30 Yoshida Kogyo K.K. Slide fastener suitable for use on articles made of plastics material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE326591B (da) 1970-07-27
NL145442B (nl) 1975-04-15
AT286207B (de) 1970-11-25
NL6703108A (da) 1967-09-04
ES337545A1 (es) 1968-10-16
GB1173085A (en) 1969-12-03
CH468801A (de) 1969-02-28
NO120386B (da) 1970-10-12
AT298369B (de) 1972-04-15
DE1610364B1 (de) 1970-02-26
BE694737A (da) 1967-07-31
DE1610365B1 (de) 1970-04-02
NL6912810A (da) 1969-11-25
FR1512281A (fr) 1968-02-02
ES337544A1 (es) 1968-10-16
NL139193B (nl) 1973-06-15

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