US3474955A - Apparatus for extraction by centrifugation of the oil contained in an olive cake - Google Patents

Apparatus for extraction by centrifugation of the oil contained in an olive cake Download PDF

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Publication number
US3474955A
US3474955A US418806A US3474955DA US3474955A US 3474955 A US3474955 A US 3474955A US 418806 A US418806 A US 418806A US 3474955D A US3474955D A US 3474955DA US 3474955 A US3474955 A US 3474955A
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Prior art keywords
oil
cake
extraction
extractor
olive
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Expired - Lifetime
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US418806A
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English (en)
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Charles Leo Lang
Albert Louis Petit
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B1/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles
    • B04B1/20—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles discharging solid particles from the bowl by a conveying screw coaxial with the bowl axis and rotating relatively to the bowl
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S494/00—Imperforate bowl: centrifugal separators
    • Y10S494/901—Imperforate bowl: centrifugal separators involving mixture containing oil

Definitions

  • a centrifugal extractor for the extraction by centrifugation of the oil contained in an homogenized cake of ground olives having two coaxial conical cylinder bowls.
  • An annular ring is formed between the inner wall of the outer bowl and the outer wall of the inner bowl. The two bowls are rotated in the same direction but at a variable speed.
  • a feeding device is provided at the inlet of the extractor for introducing into the annular ring small quantities of a cake of ground olives having means for combing and radially orienting the fibres of the cake of ground olives.
  • An annular collecting groove is provided on the inner bowl and the excavation of the oil from the groove takes place to a receiving trough.
  • a heating fluid enters inside the inner bowl and a heated liquid into the annular ring.
  • Means are provided for the evacuation of the aqueous juices and the residues.
  • Various channels, helical grooves and evacuating tubes are associated with the feeding device, bowls and evacuation means.
  • This invention relates to a process for extraction of the oil contained in a cake of ground olives. It also aims at providing an improved centrifugal extractor serving for putting the said process into operation.
  • a process of extraction of olive oil is already known which consists of treating a cake of ground olives in a vertical or horizontal centrifugal extractor. It is known that in such a process the cake of ground olives is separated into its constituents, namely, oil, residues and aqueous juices.
  • Devices serving for putting such a process into operation are also known, said devices being constituted by horizontal centrifugal extractors with double conical cylinder bowls effecting directly the separation of the constituents of the olive cake.
  • One object of the invention is to obviate these drawbacks and provide an extraction process for the oil contained in a cake of ground olives which gives increased oil output and reduction of the frequency of the cleaning of the extractor serving for putting the said process into operation.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide, for carry- 3,474,955 Patented Oct. 28, 1969 p we ing out the extraction process above stated, an improved horizontal centrifugal extractor with double conical cylinder bowls which compared with known extractors of this category supplies with a better output a purer, clearer 011 as well as perfect residues capable of being, without practically submitting to previous drying, submitted directly to the extraction with solvents with a view to re: leasing the last fatty fractures which they still contain.
  • FIG. 1 is a view in longitudinal section of a centrifugal extractor of known type which is modified according to the invention certain members being omitted for greater clarit
  • FIG. 2 is a view in longitudinal section of the cake feeding device
  • FIG. 3 is an elevation side of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a view in longitudinal section of the cylindrical part of the centrifugal extractor showing the helical evacuation channels of the oil and aqueous juices
  • FIG. 5 is an end view corresponding to FIG. 4 and showing the outlet of the different tubes
  • FIG. 6 is a view in section, on a larger scale, of the part of the extractor framed in dot and dash lines in FIG. 1 and showing the evacuation device of the aqueous juices and oil.
  • the process according to the invention has for first object the product to be centrifuged, namely an homogenized cake of ground olives, does not cause, at the inlet of a horizontal centrifugal extractor with double conical cylinder bowls, accumulation adversely affecting the separation of its constituents and for other object that the residues evacuated at the end of the conical part of the centrifugal extractor are dried to the point of having a minimum degree of humidity.
  • each of these quantities in order to combat the harmful entanglement of the fatty fibres, an entanglement which resists their forced extraction at the time of the centrifugation, being treated so as the fibres of the olive cake to be centrifuged are combed and directed radially into a centrifuge area adjusted preferably between 340 and 420 gravities. Furthermore each quantity combed and directed is set radially in a liquid ring in rotation.
  • the fibres are brought by direct or indirect heating to a temperature between 30 C. and 37 C. at a maximum, such heating being obtained by means of a heating fluid, for example water vapour, which is brought into the actual zone of the conical bowls of the extractor where the drying of the residues is carried out.
  • a heating fluid for example water vapour
  • centrifugal extractor for putting in operation the process which has been just described, it comprises (see FIG. 1) in known manner a frame 1 supporting a differential driving device 2 mounted in a casing 3 and driving in rotation in the same direction with an adjustable speed an outer bowl 4 on the inside of which is placed an inner bowl 5 provided with helices 6.
  • a partitioned casing 7 provided with three orifices 8, 9, 10 serving to evacuate the residues, the aqueous juices and the oil obtained after dissociation of the olive cake introduced through the nozzle 11 leading into a coaxial conduit 12 to the vapour supply tube 13 which terminates in a perforated nozzle 14.
  • the olive paste On its arrival at the end of the conduit 12, the olive paste is deviated radially in grooves provided in the plate 15 of the inner bowl and comes into an annular cavity located between the commencement of the helices 6 and the smaller spirals 16 below which a conduit 17 leads serving on starting the extractor to inject a liquid ring between the spirals 6 in this case water.
  • the inner bowl 5 is of cylinder conical shape, the cylindrical part extending as far as an annular groove 18 forming a threshold the height of which is determined by a decantation disc or plate 19.
  • the object of this disc 19 is to prevent the oil separated in the cylindrical part of the bowl 5 from mixing with the aqueous juices, these latter passing in known manner above the said disc 19 in which the evacuation channels of the said aqueous juices lead,
  • the annular groove 18 collecting the oil is connected, by tubes, not shown in FIG. 1, to an oil collecting trough 20 which will be considered in detail later.
  • the crushed olive cake arriving through the conduit 12 penetrates, after a conical widened portion 21 facilitating its deviation into radial grooves 22 of special construction.
  • the number of these grooves or channels is variable and four have been provided in the embodiment shown.
  • the radial grooves 22 are provided with flutings 23 giving rise in some way to prismatic teeth. These flutings 23 only exist on one side of the grooves 22 as can be seen in particular in FIG. 3. The quantity injected slides in the grooves and the fatty fibres are then directed in the direction of the centrifugal force.
  • the oil and the aqueous juices are dissociated from the olive cake and they are placed in two layers between the spirals 6 of the inner bowl 5.
  • the invention provides for arranging under the spirals 6 two grooves 24 serving for the drainage of the oil separated from the olive cake and leading it into the annular groove 18.
  • these two grooves 24 wind helically around the periphery of the inner bowl 5 in the direction opposite to the rotation of the said inner bowl.
  • the outlet from one of these grooves 24 in the proximity of the disc screen 19 separating the annular grooves 18 from the conical part of the bowl 5 can be seen in FIG. 4.
  • the oil was evacuated through longitudinal channels parallel to the axis of rotation of the extractor as well as the aqueous juices.
  • the system operated well for some time but in time as a result of the eifect of centrifugation deposite of sediments besides aqueous juices occurred which cancelled the height of the separation threshhold of the oil and caused a mixture of oil and aqueous juices.
  • aqueous juices they pass on leaving the tubes 26 into a constriction 27 made in the plate 15' of the outer bowl.
  • This constriction 27 is provided with oblong perforations 28 cut whistle-stop like which avoid any stoppage.
  • the aqueous juices come into the annular collecting trough 29 from where they are evacuated through the nozzle 9 (FIG. 1), for example, into a decantation vat in the oil installation described in the specification of the copending patent application of even date filed by the applicants.
  • annular constriction 30 also provided like the aqueous juices transfer constriction 27 with oblong orifices 31 cut whistle-stop like and leading not directly into the collecting trough 20 for the oil but in front of an anti-emulsion deflector device which is made in the following manner:
  • the oil expelled under the action of the centrifugal force through the oblong holes 31 comes onto a deflector 32 in the form of a beak which deflects onto a second parabolic deflector 33 playing the role of delayer and preventing the oil from becoming cloudy by air emulsion before being evacuated from the trough 20 through the evacuation tube 10 (FIG. 1).
  • the centrifugal extractor is completed in the usual manner through a vapour adductor tube 13 coaxial with the supply tube 12 of the olive cake (FIG. 1).
  • This tube has however a special structure in the sense that compared with devices known hitherto it is extended as far as into the residues drying zone, that is to say, as far as into the narrowest part of the cone of the extractor.
  • This tube 13 terminates in a kind of perforated nozzle 14 distributing radially the heating fluid in this case hot water or steam, the condensated water being capable of being reinjected if needed through the tube 17 in order to render fluid if desired the quantities of too consistent cake and to reheat them.
  • a kind of perforated nozzle 14 distributing radially the heating fluid in this case hot water or steam, the condensated water being capable of being reinjected if needed through the tube 17 in order to render fluid if desired the quantities of too consistent cake and to reheat them.
  • the extractor may be provided additionally with an emptying device which in operation is coupled to a decantation vat receiving also the aqueous juices and permitting a recirculation of the product with a view to increasing the output of oil from the extractor.
  • a horizontal centrifugal extractor for the extraction by centrifugation of the oil contained in an homogenized cake of ground olives, said extractor comprising two coaxial conical cylinder bowls, an annular ring formed between the inner wall of the outer bowl and the outer wall of the inner bowl, means driving in rotation the two bowls in the same direction but at a variable speed, a feeding device at the inlet of said extractor for introducing into said annular ring small quantities of a cake of ground olives, said feeding device being provided with means for combing and radially orienting the fibres of said cake of ground olives, an annular collecting groove provided on said inner bowl, means for the evacuation of the oil from said annular collecting groove to a receiving trough, means for the introduction of a heating fluid inside said inner bowl, means for the introduction of a heated liquid into said annular ring and means for the evacuation of the aqueous juices and the residues.
  • a feeding device comprising several channels with toothed surfaces, said channels being disposed radially star like around the central inlet tube of said feeding device.
  • a horizontal centrifugal extractor in a horizontal centrifugal extractor according to claim 1 four helical tubes for the evacuation of the aqueous juices, said helical tubes being distributed uniformly between said helical oil evacuating tubes.
  • a parabolic surface in said receiving trough which is provided with inlet oblong holes cut as whistle stops.
  • a steam adductor tube showing an end provided with a nozzle provided with radial perforations leading inside the inner bowl at the vicinity of the residues drying zone and directing the steam on to the inner wall of said inner bowl, two utbes sending the condensated water in said annular ring.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
US418806A 1964-01-03 1964-12-16 Apparatus for extraction by centrifugation of the oil contained in an olive cake Expired - Lifetime US3474955A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR959289A FR1388992A (fr) 1964-01-03 1964-01-03 Procédé d'extraction de l'huile contenue dans une pâte d'olives broyées et extracteur centrifuge perfectionné servant à la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé

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US3474955A true US3474955A (en) 1969-10-28

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US (1) US3474955A (fr)
ES (1) ES307610A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR1388992A (fr)
GB (1) GB1029360A (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0015210A1 (fr) * 1979-02-23 1980-09-03 Pierre Laurent Saget Appareil perfectionné pour la séparation centrifuge d'au moins deux phases liquides et une phase sédimentaire d'un mélange
EP0099267A2 (fr) * 1982-07-13 1984-01-25 THOMAS BROADBENT & SONS LIMITED Décanteuses centrifuges
EP0574364A1 (fr) * 1992-06-11 1993-12-15 RAPANELLI FIORAVANTE S.p.A. Centrifugeuse pour la séparation d'huile de suspensions huileuses, travaillant sans addition d'eau potable
US6248055B1 (en) * 1997-04-01 2001-06-19 Westfalia Separator Ag Housing structure for use in a horizontal solid-bowl screw decanter centrifuge
GR20020100162A (el) * 2001-04-12 2002-12-19 Nuova M.A.I.P. Macchine Agricole Industriali Pieralisi S.P.A. Συσκευη για τη φυγοκεντρικη εκχυλιση υγρων συστατικων απο ζυμες / υπολειμματα ελαιουχων καρπων με κινηση του ελαφροτερου υγρου συστατικου κατα την αυτη φορα με εκεινη του στερεου υπολειμματος
US20030228966A1 (en) * 2000-08-31 2003-12-11 Koch Richard James Centrifuge systems and methods
US20040185999A1 (en) * 2001-10-02 2004-09-23 Hans-Joachim Beyer Solid bowl helical conveyor centrifuge with a pressurized housing
US20120010065A1 (en) * 2008-11-28 2012-01-12 Alfa Laval Corporate Ab Decanter centrifuge with a hinged lid
WO2016024034A3 (fr) * 2014-08-11 2016-04-07 Mediterrànea Identitat, S.A. Procédé d'obtention d'huile d'olive, de pâte ou de produit lyophilisé d'olives et machine d'obtention d'huile d'olive au moyen de cette pâte

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2701763C3 (de) * 1977-01-18 1979-11-15 Westfalia Separator Ag, 4740 Oelde Kontinuierlich arbeitender Vollmantel-Gegenstrom-Zentrifugalextraktor
EP0088949B1 (fr) * 1982-03-16 1986-05-07 N.V. Safinco Procédé pour séparer les matières solides des huiles
DE4206006C1 (fr) * 1992-02-27 1993-09-16 Westfalia Separator Ag, 59302 Oelde, De
ES2282023B1 (es) * 2005-07-29 2008-10-01 Extraccion Baque, S.L. Procedimiento de extraccion de aceites comestibles por disolvente.

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2670131A (en) * 1951-05-23 1954-02-23 Knowles Associates Centrifuge with interstage washing
US2685369A (en) * 1951-06-27 1954-08-03 Allied Chem & Dye Corp Coagulation of finely divided suspended solids
US3061181A (en) * 1958-11-28 1962-10-30 Sharples Corp Centrifuges
US3096282A (en) * 1957-12-30 1963-07-02 Sharples Corp Improvement in centrifuges

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2670131A (en) * 1951-05-23 1954-02-23 Knowles Associates Centrifuge with interstage washing
US2685369A (en) * 1951-06-27 1954-08-03 Allied Chem & Dye Corp Coagulation of finely divided suspended solids
US3096282A (en) * 1957-12-30 1963-07-02 Sharples Corp Improvement in centrifuges
US3061181A (en) * 1958-11-28 1962-10-30 Sharples Corp Centrifuges

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2449467A1 (fr) * 1979-02-23 1980-09-19 Saget Pierre Procede et appareil perfectionne le mettant en oeuvre pour la separation centrifuge d'au moins deux phases liquides d'un melange
EP0015210A1 (fr) * 1979-02-23 1980-09-03 Pierre Laurent Saget Appareil perfectionné pour la séparation centrifuge d'au moins deux phases liquides et une phase sédimentaire d'un mélange
EP0099267A2 (fr) * 1982-07-13 1984-01-25 THOMAS BROADBENT & SONS LIMITED Décanteuses centrifuges
EP0099267A3 (en) * 1982-07-13 1984-11-07 Thomas Broadbent & Sons Limited Improvements in decanting type centrifuges
EP0574364A1 (fr) * 1992-06-11 1993-12-15 RAPANELLI FIORAVANTE S.p.A. Centrifugeuse pour la séparation d'huile de suspensions huileuses, travaillant sans addition d'eau potable
US6248055B1 (en) * 1997-04-01 2001-06-19 Westfalia Separator Ag Housing structure for use in a horizontal solid-bowl screw decanter centrifuge
US7018326B2 (en) * 2000-08-31 2006-03-28 Varco I/P, Inc. Centrifuge with impellers and beach feed
US20030228966A1 (en) * 2000-08-31 2003-12-11 Koch Richard James Centrifuge systems and methods
GR20020100162A (el) * 2001-04-12 2002-12-19 Nuova M.A.I.P. Macchine Agricole Industriali Pieralisi S.P.A. Συσκευη για τη φυγοκεντρικη εκχυλιση υγρων συστατικων απο ζυμες / υπολειμματα ελαιουχων καρπων με κινηση του ελαφροτερου υγρου συστατικου κατα την αυτη φορα με εκεινη του στερεου υπολειμματος
US6986733B2 (en) * 2001-10-02 2006-01-17 Westfalia Separator Industry Gmbh Solid bowl helical conveyor centrifuge with a pressurized housing
US20040185999A1 (en) * 2001-10-02 2004-09-23 Hans-Joachim Beyer Solid bowl helical conveyor centrifuge with a pressurized housing
US20120010065A1 (en) * 2008-11-28 2012-01-12 Alfa Laval Corporate Ab Decanter centrifuge with a hinged lid
US8235882B2 (en) * 2008-11-28 2012-08-07 Alfa Laval Corporate Ab Decanter centrifuge with a hinged lid
WO2016024034A3 (fr) * 2014-08-11 2016-04-07 Mediterrànea Identitat, S.A. Procédé d'obtention d'huile d'olive, de pâte ou de produit lyophilisé d'olives et machine d'obtention d'huile d'olive au moyen de cette pâte

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES307610A1 (es) 1965-04-16
FR1388992A (fr) 1965-02-12
GB1029360A (en) 1966-05-11

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