US3460308A - Manufacture of structural units - Google Patents

Manufacture of structural units Download PDF

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US3460308A
US3460308A US478372A US3460308DA US3460308A US 3460308 A US3460308 A US 3460308A US 478372 A US478372 A US 478372A US 3460308D A US3460308D A US 3460308DA US 3460308 A US3460308 A US 3460308A
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Prior art keywords
panel
jig
end member
stops
members
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US478372A
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English (en)
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Fritz C Stucky
Kenneth W Nelson
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Elcon AG
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Elcon AG
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
    • E04B1/34815—Elements not integrated in a skeleton
    • E04B1/34823—Elements not integrated in a skeleton the supporting structure consisting of concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/26—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of wood
    • E04B1/2604—Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B1/2612—Joist hangers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49895—Associating parts by use of aligning means [e.g., use of a drift pin or a "fixture"]
    • Y10T29/49901—Sequentially associating parts on stationary aligning means

Definitions

  • This invention concerns the manufacture of structural units for use in civil engineering, including building, comprising a prefabricated panel and a prefabricated end member secured to an end of the panel to occupy a plane normal to the general plane of the panel.
  • Such units are hereinafter referred to as structural units of the kind defined.
  • the invention relates to such structural units having an end member aforesaid secured to each end of the panel.
  • transportable room element is employed herein to define a transportable cell-like structure having a floor, and preferably a roof or ceiling, and comprising at its opposed ends load-bearing end-wall-forming means, forming or adapted to support a Wall or other closure, and rigidly connected to the floor at each of said ends, which room element is adapted to be mounted, at one or each of its opposed sides, side-by-side with a further such room element for the purpose of building up a one storey building or a storey of a plural-storey building from a succcssion of such elements;
  • the expression end-wall forming means includes a complete end wall and also includes vertical load-bearing pillars or columns adapted to have fill-in panelling applied to or formed integrally with them,'
  • the expression fill-in panelling (when used with reference to the said walls or end-wall-forming means) includes a door or a window.
  • Such room elements form the subject of United States patent applications Nos. 470,815, filed July 9, 1965, and 469,528, filed Nov. 6, 1964, and United States Patent No. 3,377,755, to which reference may be made as disclosing constructions to which this invention is applicable.
  • the said structural units are best built up from initially separate components (i.e. a floor panel, end-wall-forming members, and in some instances the roof or ceiling also) permanently connected together. They are of substantial size and weight (e.g. 9 feet wide, 9 feet high and 30 feet long, and weighing about 10 tons). Difiiculties therefore arise in manufacturing them to close dimensional and Patented Aug. 12, 1969 angular tolerances particularly if the components are pre cast in concrete and are large and heavy in themselves. Yet the cumulative effect of such tolerances may be substantial and serious, and to obtain the best results in a system of building construction using such units requires a manufacturing accuracy surpassing that so far achieved in the builling industry.
  • a floor panel may have a length of almost 10 meters and if its structural part is precast reinforced concrete, the manufacturing tolerance may well be :5 mm. by the time it is cured.
  • the end members form among other things, the inside walls of the room elements. If joined to the floor panel in a conventional manner it follows that the adjacent inside walls of adjacent room elements which should be flush with one another, or at least not show steps of more than 2 mm., would be out of line by as much as 5-10 mm. Very similar problems are created by the necessity of matching the floor levels in adjacent room elements where steps are even more objectionable than in adjacent parts of a wall.
  • the second difficulty is created by the necessity of ensuring angular tolerances which have to be much closer than achievable by normal conventional means of building. This difiiculty would be present even if it were possible to manufacture components with extremely close linear tolerances.
  • at least two and usually all three main angles defining a three-dimensional structural unit should be equal to In a room element, for example, the two end members when joined to a floor panel should be at a right angle to its longitudinal axis, so that the major surfaces of the two end members should, on assembly, be parallel to one another. If this is not achieved there will again be, on one end or both, a step between adjacent internal walls. If this step is to be less than 2 mm.
  • the third difficulty is the general one of accurate measuremcntsi.e., not only is the assembly to close tolerances almost impossible by conventional means, but so also is the verification by measurement of the linear dimensions and angles of a room element after assembly.
  • the best means normally available are a steel tape and a good long spirit level. It can be shown that neither of these means is capable of verifying the close linear and angular tolerances mentioned, even if the components of the room element were manufactured to much closer tolerances than is in fact practicable.
  • the method according to the invention does not make any attempt at producing the eventual accuracy of the structural unit by providing close fitting profiles or registering surfaces.
  • the invention provides, in the construction of a structural unit of the kind defined, a method of assembling and connecting the panel and end member in a jig as herein defined, which comprises rigidly positioning the panel in the jig at a controlled height and such as to be aligned to it longitudinally, transversely, and with regard to its horizontal level, rigidly positioning the end member in the jig at a controlled height and such as to be aligned to it vertically, axially, and with regard to its distance from the centre of the jig, and subsequently joining the end member to the panel, while they are rigidly held in the jig as aligned, such that the overall length and height of the assembled structural unit conforms to the desired value and the dimensional and angular relation between the panel and the end member in the assembly is as desired in all three dimensions.
  • the fioor panel member is rigidly positioned with a major surface located substantially in a horizontally reference plane, which may be defined by spaced-apart stops on the jig used in carrying out the method.
  • the end members are then rigidly positioned adjacent the ends of the floor panel member with a major surface of each parallel to generally vertical reference planes which are parallel to each other, perpendicular to the horizontal reference plane and to the longitudinal center line of the panel member, and spaced from each other a predetermined distance of known relation to the desired dimension between the end members.
  • the end members are positioned relative to the floor member without regard to the dimensions of the members themselves but, rather, solely with reference to the locating reference planes. With the members so positioned, they are then joined together by an appropriate rigid, load-carrying joints.
  • a critical dimension is the length of the unit between predetermined points on the end members.
  • the measurement of the most significance is between the inside major surfaces of the end members, inasmuch as the assembly of two or more units in side-by-side relation without offsets in the interior wall of a room so formed requires maximum precision in both dimension and geometrical terms.
  • the method embodies the step of fabricating the floor panel member to a dimension betolerances included is not in excess of a predetermined dimension.
  • a further aspect of precise location and joinder of the several members involves locating the end members at a controlled height with respect to the horizontal reference plane. Accordingly, the end members are at the proper height relative to the floor member, are at the proper height relative to the horizontal reference plane, are perpendicular to the horizontal reference plane, are parallel to each other and at a predetermined spacing from each other, all of these precise dimensional and geometric conditions being afforded by the method of the invention.
  • the panel is a rigid and essentially fiat member of po lygonal form in plan (and primarily rectangular or square) with two opposed longitudinal edges symmetrically disposed on opposite sides of a longitudinal axis of symmetry and two opposed end edges extending transversely of said axis.
  • the expression panel includes a complete panel, and also includes horizontal load-bearing beams adapted to have fill-in panelling applied to or formed integrally with them.
  • Major surface when related to the panel means a surface (i.e. the top or bottom surface) which is bounded by the longitudinal edges and end edges of the panel.
  • Longitudinal alignment means that the longitudinal edges of the panel form the same angle with (e.g., are parallel to) the longitudinal axis of the jig (preferably within an angle of about 1') and that its ends are equidistant from the centre of the jig.
  • Transverse alignment means that the longitudinal edges of the panel are symmetrically disposed on 0pposite sides of the longitudinal axis of the jig (preferably within 2 mm.).
  • Horizontal level alignment means that the top sursurface of the panel is aligned to be horizontal (preferably within angles of about 0.5 in the longitudinal and about 2' in the transverse direction).
  • Controlled height where related to the panel means that the height (above the floor of the jig) of the panel, when properly aligned, is controlled to be of a predetermined value (preferably within 1 to 2 mm.).
  • the end member Vertical alignment means that the vertical axis of symmetry of the outward-facing surface (or surfaces) of the end member is at the desired angle, e.g., at a right angle, to the horizontal plane as defined (preferably to within 2.).
  • Axial alignment means that the outward-facing surface (or surfaces) of the end member are at the desired angles, e.g., at right angles, to the longitudinal axis of the jig (preferably to within an angle of 2) and that the vertical axis of symmetry of the end member lies in a vertical plane going through the longitudinal axis of the ig.
  • Controlled height where related to the end member means that the height (above the floor of the jig) of the support surface or surfaces of the unit is controlled to be at a predetermined value (preferably within 1 to 2 mm.).
  • Support surface means a bottom surface of the unit on which bottom surface the weight of the unit, when erected, rests and/or a top surface of the end member on which top surface the weight of a superimposed component (such, for example, in the case of a unit incorporated in a room element, as a roof or ceiling component or another room element) may rest.
  • Jig means an apparatus capable of holding structural elements in fixed positions accurately predetermined by suitable locating stops, clamps, or similar locating devices.
  • Longitudinal axis of the jig means the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the rectangle (or other polygon) defined by the surfaces of the stops determining the transverse alignment of the panel.
  • Centre of jig means the centre of the rectangle (or other polygon) defined by the stops determining the longitudinal and transverse alignments of the panel.
  • Floor of the jig means the horizontal (e.g., concrete) surface of the shop floor or a horizontal plane defined by fixed and horizontal surfaces of markers or stops mounted in the shop floor.
  • Horizontal means either strictly horizontal in the geometric sense, or parallel to an approximately horizontal plane of reference rigidly determined by fixed points in the jig.
  • the end member is to be identified with the end-wall-forming means.
  • each end of the panel has an end member joined to it in the manner specified.
  • the components i.e., the panel and the end member or each end member
  • the joint between them incorporates at least one gap or clearance in which manufacturing tolerances of the components are taken up.
  • the components may be so positioned in the "g that adjacent surfaces of them are separated by the gap or clearance. Specifically, they may be so positioned in the jig that a major surface of one component is separated from an end surface of the other component by the gap or clearance.
  • the joint may be, with one qualification, of any type that will withstand the stresses imposed on it during assembly, transport, erection, and use.
  • the qualification is this: that the gap or clearance may vary sufiiciently to be able to take up the cumulative manufacturing tolerance of the two components. This is a necessity, because the gap or clearance cannot be predetermined independently, as in conventional joints wherein the two components to be joined are positioned by reference to each other. In the present invention they are individually positioned with reference to the jig, and the resultant gap or clearance between the components, prior to joining, therefore varies due to the cumulative manufacturing tolerances of these components and must be capable of taking up these cumulative tolerances without difiiculty.
  • the joint is made, wholly or in part, by disposing an adhesive filling (primarily one consisting of a mixture of an aggregate in a matrix of a setting adhesive) in the gap or clearance and this filling is permitted or caused to set to effect a permanent bond between the surfaces that are separated by the gap.
  • adhesive filling includes a quick setting cement; by a setting adhesive is meant a substance capable of setting or hardening from a soft or pasty state and, which when so set or hardened, forms a permanent bond with said surfaces.
  • the setting adhesive may be an epoxy resin such as that made and sold under the name Aderit Special by Firma Meynadier. To form a quick-setting cement this resin is mixed with quartz sand as an aggregate in the proportion of one to one by weight. Other quick setting cements may be employed, particularly those having good fire-resistant or heat resistant properties.
  • the joint may comprise projecting elements on one component received in clearance holes in the other component, and the adhesive filling occupies the clearance between each element and the peripheral surface of its hole.
  • the end member (or each of them) may be positioned in a retracted movable component of the jig with the distance between its outward-facing surface and the centre of the jig greater than that eventually required, and this movable component is then advanced into a position, predetermined by stops in the jig, such that the end member is presented in the required relation in the jig with a gap or clearance between the inward-facing surface of the end member and an end of the panel and the joint between the end member and the panel is then made.
  • the projecting elements and holes may extend at right angles to the major surface of the panel, it is preferred that they extend parallel to the longitudinal axis of the jig: in which case the retracted position of the movable component of the jig is preferably such that the projecting elements are aligned with, but do not project into, the holes and said elements are caused to enter their holes by the aforesaid advance.
  • the advance may be such that at its termination a small gap is left between adjacent faces of the end member and the end of the panel, and these adjacent faces are bonded together by adhesive filling in the gap.
  • This gap is useful in permitting the members to be brought to the predetermined spatial relation such, for example, as angular relation between them and a relation ensuring that the finished article has the desired dimensions.
  • the end member (or each of them) may be inserted into the jig by movement in a plane substantially normal to the general plane of the panel and fixed in an end component of the jig in the required relation to the panel and with the overall length of the assembly conforming to the required value.
  • the present invention is particularly applicable when the components are made of concrete, primarily reinforced concrete.
  • the projecting elements aforesaid may be made of metal.
  • the clearance hole aforesaid may be constituted by the bore of a metal tube embedded in the said other member. The surface of said element and the peripheral surface of the hole are desirable such as to provide, at least in part, a mechanical bond between them and the filling.
  • the adhesive is introduced into the hole subsequent to the insertion of the projecting elementfor example by injecting it into the clearance while in its soft or pasty state by the use of a suitable pressure gun.
  • This invention also provides, in the construction of a structural unit of the kind defined, a method of assembling and connecting together the panel and end member in a jig in such manner that the dimensions of the unit conform to the desired values, which comprises rigidly positioning the panel and end member by locating devices in the jig to comply with the following conditions: (a) an end of the end member is presented in such close proximity to an end of the panel as to be capable of being joined thereto, (b) a major surface of the panel substantially occupies a spatial plane predetermined by the jig, (c) the longitudinal and transverse centre lines of the panel substantially coincide with the longitudinal and transverse centre lines of the jig, (d) a major surface of the end member substantially occupies a second spatial plane predetermined by the jig and normal to the first plane and spaced from the transverse centre line of the jig by a predetermined distance, (e) the end member is symmetrically disposed transversely in relation to a third spatial plane, predetermined by the ji
  • the end member is joined to the panel at locations spaced at opposite sides of the longitudinal axis of the jig.
  • This invention also includes the product of the method hereinbefore set forth, and a jig for carrying out that method.
  • FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of the jig
  • FIGURE 2 is a plan view thereof
  • FIGURE 3 is an end elevation
  • FIGURE 4 is a sectional view
  • FIGURE 5 is an exploded view (all on a larger scale) showing one form of joint
  • FIGURE 6 is a sectional view of a further joint.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawings The jig shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawings is designed for the assembly and connection of a pre-cast reinforced concrete floor panel 10 of substantially rectangular plan form and two pre-cast reinforced concrete upright end-wall-forming members indicated generally at 11.
  • the panel 10 has longitudinal and transverse axes of symmetry and each end member 11 has a vertical axis of symmetry.
  • each of these members 11 consists of a pair of load-bearing upright columns 11a joined by an integral horizontal member 11b.
  • the aperture defined by these three parts 11a, 111) may be occupied by fill-in paneling and/or a window, door or the like, or in the alternative such till-in panelling may be formed integrally with said parts.
  • the top and bottom surfaces of the uprights 11a constitute the support surfaces hereinbefore defined.
  • the jig is provided near each corner with a hydraulic jack 12 on which the floor panel is mounted and by which it is raised above the floor of the jig until its top surface occupies a spatial plane defined by stops 13a, 13b disposed one near each corner and arranged to overlie the top surface of the panel. Thus, this top surface isbrought to the required horizontal level alignment.
  • stops 13a, 13b are displaceable transversely of the panel to permit the latter to be deposited on the jacks 12. Stops 13a are arranged to engage and position one longitudinal edge of the panel so as to secure a transverse alignment of the panel in which its longitudinal axis of symmetry is substantially coincident with the longitudinal axis of the jig.
  • Stops 13a are arranged to engage and position one longitudinal edge of the panel so as to secure a transverse alignment of the panel in which its longitudinal axis of symmetry is substantially coincident with the longitudinal axis of the jig.
  • These stops may be adjustable for widthwise spacing so as to
  • the endwise position of the panel 10 is determined by at least one stop 14 which engages one end edge of the panel, the panel being urged against this stop 14 by a clamp 15.
  • the transverse centre line of the panel is made to coincide substantially with the transverse centre line of the jig.
  • Stop 14 may be adjustable lengthwise of the jig so as to adapt the latter to panels of differing lengths.
  • the jig has a movable vertical component indicated generally at 16 (having a base 161:) which is displaceable longitudinally of the jig on guide tracks 17 between a retracted loading position and an advanced operative position which is determined by stops 18 which may be adjustable lengthwise of the jig.
  • Each end member 11 is mounted in its movable component 16 with the lower faces of its uprights 11a resting on suitable locating faces 16b on the movable component 16. These bottom faces are the support surfaces of the unit and it will be understood that they are thus disposed at a controlled height in relation to the upper surface of the panel 10.
  • Each end member is clamped in its movable component, with its vertical outer-facing surface against stops 19, by clamps 20. It is positioned widthwise by upper and lower stops 21 (which may be adjustable) so that its vertical centre line lies in the required plane relative to the longitudinal centre line of the jig and the panel, being held by clamps 22.
  • the member 11 is also clamped down by clamps 23 which engage the top surfaces of the uprights 11a.
  • clamps 20 may be movable to an inoperative position in any suitable manner.
  • Stops 21 may be constituted by clamps. Thus clamps 21, and 22, may be employed to squeeze in, or push out, the lower ends of uprights 11a to desired positions.
  • each upright 11a is provided near its lower end with a metal plate 25 welded to its reinforcement, and at each corner the panel 10 is provided with a metal plate 26 also welded to the reinforcement of the panel.
  • a metal angle 27 is welded to these two plates 25, 26; it will be appreciated that this may readily be done irrespective of manufacturing tolerances in the two components.
  • each upright 11a is provided with a registering clearance hole 29 and a bolt 30 is passed through this clearance hole and is screwed into the sleeve 28. It will be appreciated that the clearance between bolt 3%) and its hole 29 permits dimensional and angular tolerances, in the panel and end member, to be taken up.
  • the gap between the end face of the panel 10 and the vertical inner face of the upright 11a is shown at 31 and this gap may be grouted with the aforesaid adhesive filling which provides a permanent bond betwen these adjacent faces.
  • This adhesive filling may be injected into the gap after the parts have been brought to the desired relation or alternatively it may be applied to one of the two faces so as to be squeezed out to fill the gap as the parts move towards the required relation.
  • One or more distance pieces or shims, transfixed by bolt 30, may be disposed in the gap 31 between said adjacent faces.
  • each component 16 may be fixed, the member 11 being inserted into it by movement substantially in its own plane, and then being clamped in the end component.
  • FIG. 6 there is shown an alternative joint (which is according to copending United States patent application Ser. No. 470,815).
  • each corner the panel 10 has upper and lower projecting metal rods 32, 33 which are desirably welded to the reinforcement of the panel, said reinforcement being indicated at 34.
  • Corresponding upper and lower clearance holes 35, 36 are formed in the bottom end of each upright 11a.
  • the retracted loading position of each end component 16 of the jig is such that when the end member 11 is fixed therein, the holes 35, 36 are aligned with the rods 32, 33 but the rods are not entered therein.
  • the rods 32, 33 enter the clearance holes until the stage illustrated in FIG. 6 is reached.
  • the clearance between the peripheries of the protruding ends of these rods when received in the holes and the peripheral surface of te received in the holes and the peripheral surface of the holes themselves is filled with the aforesaid adhesive filling which makes a permanent bond with these surfaces. Additionally, such adhesive filling is introduced into the gap 31 so as to make a permanent bond between the adjacent faces of the two parts.
  • the adhesive filling may be introduced into the holes before the rods are received therein. Alternatively it may be injected after the rods have been received in the holes.
  • the surfaces of the holes are suitably shaped or roughened so as to assist in such a bond and in particular so as to produce, at least in part, a mechanical bond.
  • the holes are shown as being provided with a groove or grooves into which the adhesive filling may key. Alternatievly the holes may he stepped or tapered.
  • the protruding ends of the rods may be likewise formed to facilitate the bond. For example they may be of square cross-sectional shape and may be twisted.
  • the holes may be formed by metal tubes or sleeves 39 cast into the member 11.
  • the adjacent faces of the panel 10 and end member 11 may be provided with metal plates 37, 38 welded to the reinforcement so that the adhesive filling introduced into the gap 31 makes a bond between these metal plates.
  • Each rod should be cemented into its hole over a length corresponding to above twelve times its approximate diameter.
  • the minimum thickness of the annular layer of adhesive filling surrounding each protruding rod, and of the layer within the gap 31, is preferably about 3 mm.
  • the members 23, hereinbefore described as clamps, may be employed to determine, or to measure, the height of the uprights 11a.
  • each upright 11a there may be applied, to the top surface of each upright 11a, a pad of a mouldable substance (such as the aforesaid adhesive filling) and the member 23 then lowered to a predetermined level so as to squeeze this pad until the distance between its upper surface and the under surface of the upright 11a is as required. The pad is then permitted to set and to bond with the material of the upright, precautions being taken to prevent it bonding to the surface of member 23.
  • a pad of a mouldable substance such as the aforesaid adhesive filling
  • the member 23 (being fixed in or brought to a predetermined position) may constitute a height gauge.
  • the distance between the upper surface of uprigh 11a and the under surface of member 23 may be meas ured and a visible record of it marked on the upright. In the subsequent erection of a building, this record indicates the thickness of a distance piece or shims that should be placed on top of the upright to bring it to a required level.
  • the uprights 11a may be ground, or otherwise machined, to the required dimensions before assembly.
  • Stops 13a, 13b define the horizontal level alignment and the controlled height of the panel, and determine the spatial plane that its upper surface occupies in the ig.
  • Stops 13a in conjunction with stop 14 determine the longitudinal alignment of the panel.
  • Stops 13a determine the transverse alignment of the panel and ensure that its longitudinal centre line substantially coincides with the longitudinal centre line of the jig.
  • Stop 14 in conjunction with claim 15 ensures that the transverse centre line of the panel substantially coincides with the transverse centre line of the jig.
  • Stops 19 determine the vertical alignment of each end member and ensure that its outward-facing surface occupies a second spatial plane, normal to the first spatial plain, in the jig.
  • Stops '19 in conjunction with stops 21 determine the axial alignment of each end member.
  • Stops 21 ensure that each end member is symmetrically disposed, in the jig, transversely in relation to a third spatial plane which is normal to the first and second spatial planes and contains the longitudinal centre line of the jig.
  • Locating faces 16b determine the controlled height of each end member and ensure that the underneath surfaces thereof are spaced, in the jig, from the first spatial plane by a predetermined distance.
  • Stops 19 in conjunction with stops 18 determine the horizontal distance control of each end member and ensure that its outward-facing surface is spaced from the transverse centre line of the jig by a predetermined distance.
  • Stop 25 ensures that the transverse centre line of the panel substantially coincides with the transverse centre line of the jig.
  • Stops 19 determine the vertical alignment of each end member and ensure that its outward-facing surface occupies a second spatial plane, normal to the first spatial plane, in the jig.
  • Stops 19 in conjunction with stops 21 determine the axial alignment of each end member.
  • Stops 21 ensure that each end member is symmetrically disposed, in the jig, transversely in relation to a third spatial plane which is normal to the first and second spatial planes and contains the longitudinal centre line of the jig.
  • Locating faces 16b determine the controled height of each end member and ensure that the underneath surfaces thereof are spaced, in the jig, from the first spatial plane by a predetermined distance.
  • Stops 19 in conjunction with stops 18 determine the horizontal distance control of each end member and ensure that its outward-facing surface is spaced from the transverse centre line of the jig by a predetermined distance.
  • a method according to claim 1 including the step of positioning the panel member with its major surface andend surfaces located in known position with respect to the horizontal reference plane, positioning one end member in a movable component of the assembly apparatus and advancing the end member in the movable component to the -said rigid position adjacent to one end surface of the panel member.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Automatic Assembly (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
US478372A 1964-08-21 1965-08-09 Manufacture of structural units Expired - Lifetime US3460308A (en)

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GB34367/64A GB1109873A (en) 1964-08-21 1964-08-21 Improvements in and relating to the manufacture of structural units

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3782057A (en) * 1971-07-12 1974-01-01 R Gross Decking structure with guard rail support
US3830025A (en) * 1972-06-26 1974-08-20 H Wainshal Building modules
US3992848A (en) * 1973-05-25 1976-11-23 Credelca A.G. Buildings
US3999355A (en) * 1974-01-31 1976-12-28 Credelca Ag Method of constructing a transportable prefabricated room element
US4120133A (en) * 1973-06-04 1978-10-17 Credelca A.G. Method of constructing a transportable prefabricated room element
CN106121255A (zh) * 2016-06-26 2016-11-16 中建三局集团有限公司 一种超高层玻璃幕墙安装设备装置
US20190048574A1 (en) * 2016-03-24 2019-02-14 Swg Schraubenwerk Gaisbach Gmbh Method and Connector Set for Connecting Beams of Wood Material
US11084134B2 (en) * 2013-02-26 2021-08-10 Robert Swartz Methods and apparatus for construction of machine tools

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US2413562A (en) * 1945-09-10 1946-12-31 William P Witherow Precast concrete members
US2428374A (en) * 1944-02-24 1947-10-07 Ernest G Malthouse Erection of brickwork structures
US2497887A (en) * 1943-06-30 1950-02-21 Hilpert Meler George Paneled building construction
US2616284A (en) * 1949-04-26 1952-11-04 Leontovich Valerian Precast concrete block joint
CA576628A (en) * 1959-05-26 Norton Company Pulpstone
US2948995A (en) * 1953-02-24 1960-08-16 Shell Oil Co Connections between reinforced, precast concrete structures and method of making same
US2952129A (en) * 1958-01-09 1960-09-13 Joseph B Dempsey Mine roof bolt installation

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CA576628A (en) * 1959-05-26 Norton Company Pulpstone
US1035766A (en) * 1909-04-14 1912-08-13 Carl H Crawford Method and apparatus for constructing concrete buildings.
GB376308A (en) * 1930-04-08 1932-07-08 Eugene Freyssinet Improvements in method of assembling or joining preformed building and paving elements of reinforced concrete
US2497887A (en) * 1943-06-30 1950-02-21 Hilpert Meler George Paneled building construction
US2428374A (en) * 1944-02-24 1947-10-07 Ernest G Malthouse Erection of brickwork structures
US2413562A (en) * 1945-09-10 1946-12-31 William P Witherow Precast concrete members
US2616284A (en) * 1949-04-26 1952-11-04 Leontovich Valerian Precast concrete block joint
US2948995A (en) * 1953-02-24 1960-08-16 Shell Oil Co Connections between reinforced, precast concrete structures and method of making same
US2952129A (en) * 1958-01-09 1960-09-13 Joseph B Dempsey Mine roof bolt installation

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US3782057A (en) * 1971-07-12 1974-01-01 R Gross Decking structure with guard rail support
US3830025A (en) * 1972-06-26 1974-08-20 H Wainshal Building modules
US3992848A (en) * 1973-05-25 1976-11-23 Credelca A.G. Buildings
US4120133A (en) * 1973-06-04 1978-10-17 Credelca A.G. Method of constructing a transportable prefabricated room element
US3999355A (en) * 1974-01-31 1976-12-28 Credelca Ag Method of constructing a transportable prefabricated room element
US11084134B2 (en) * 2013-02-26 2021-08-10 Robert Swartz Methods and apparatus for construction of machine tools
US20190048574A1 (en) * 2016-03-24 2019-02-14 Swg Schraubenwerk Gaisbach Gmbh Method and Connector Set for Connecting Beams of Wood Material
US10745904B2 (en) * 2016-03-24 2020-08-18 Swg Schraubenwerk Gaisbach Gmbh Method and connector set for connecting beams of wood material
CN106121255A (zh) * 2016-06-26 2016-11-16 中建三局集团有限公司 一种超高层玻璃幕墙安装设备装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI47124C (fi) 1973-09-10
IL24107A (en) 1969-04-30
NL6510967A (xx) 1966-02-22
LU49369A1 (xx) 1965-10-20
GB1109873A (en) 1968-04-18
FI47124B (xx) 1973-05-31
DK130602C (xx) 1975-08-25
NL145626B (nl) 1975-04-15
JPS527245B1 (xx) 1977-03-01
AT283674B (de) 1970-08-10
ES316684A1 (es) 1966-04-16
CH458682A (de) 1968-06-30
DE1559154B1 (de) 1970-07-02
SE323503B (xx) 1970-05-04
DK130602B (da) 1975-03-10

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