US3452861A - Decorative wood grain sheet material for automobile panels - Google Patents

Decorative wood grain sheet material for automobile panels Download PDF

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Publication number
US3452861A
US3452861A US532947A US3452861DA US3452861A US 3452861 A US3452861 A US 3452861A US 532947 A US532947 A US 532947A US 3452861D A US3452861D A US 3452861DA US 3452861 A US3452861 A US 3452861A
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Prior art keywords
layer
wood grain
coating
sheet material
parts
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Expired - Lifetime
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US532947A
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English (en)
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James V Erwin
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3M Co
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Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
    • B44F9/00—Designs imitating natural patterns
    • B44F9/02—Designs imitating natural patterns wood grain effects
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
    • C09J7/29—Laminated material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J2301/10—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the structural features of the adhesive tape or sheet
    • C09J2301/16—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the structural features of the adhesive tape or sheet by the structure of the carrier layer
    • C09J2301/162—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the structural features of the adhesive tape or sheet by the structure of the carrier layer the carrier being a laminate constituted by plastic layers only
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24438—Artificial wood or leather grain surface

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a new attractively naturalappearing decorative simulated wood grain sheet material highly resistant to discoloration upon weathering and especially useful, among other possibilities, as a trim decoration for automobiles.
  • the invention also relates to wood grain trimmed automobile panels formed by using the new wood grain sheet material.
  • the present invention provides automobile manufacturers with a new wood grain sheet material, conveniently manufactured, which can be applied as a decorative panel to automobiles simply by pressure lamination thereto. No longer is it necessary for auto manufacturers who desire wood grain trim to engage in a series of coating and solvent evaporation and baking steps.
  • the wood grain sheet material of this invention is highly resistant to discoloration on weathering.
  • the decorative wood grain sheet material of this invention also exhibits an attractive natural appearance comparable to the appearance of natural wood.
  • FIGURE 1 is a sketch in plan view of a representation of an automobile panel decorated with the wood grain trim of this invention
  • FIGURE 2 is a greatly enlarged schematic plan view of the decorative surface of the sheet material hereof, illustrating a pattern of tick marks, and
  • FIGURE 3 is a composite showing in cross section through a wood grain sheet material of this invention, with the left part of the sheet material firmly adhered to the surface of an automobile panel and with the right part of the sheet material carrying a removable temporary liner.
  • the new sheet material of the invention has several layers.
  • the portion carrying the wood grain is conveniently referred to as a base laminate structure 10.
  • On one side (i.e., the back side or underside) of the base laminate is a firmly adhered normally-tacky and pressuresensitive adhesive layer or coating 11.
  • a temporarily adhered removable disposable protective liner 12 Over the adhesive coating, as the sheet material is sold in commerce, is a temporarily adhered removable disposable protective liner 12.
  • the normally-tacky and pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 11 of this structure is one having high tack and high grab, preferably one of the acrylic type. Suitable acrylate pressure-sensitive adhesives are described and claimed in Ulrich US. Patent Re. 24,906, reissued Dec. 13, 1960 (original US. Patent No. 2,884,126 issued Apr. 28, 1959), here incorporated by reference.
  • the adhesive layer has a dry (or solvent-free) weight of about 8 to 14 grains (preferably 10 to 12 grains) per 24 square inches (the broad range being about 0.5 to 1.0 grams per 150 square centimeters). In thickness, it may vary from about 15 to 35 microns, usually about 20 to 30 microns. It is essentially uniform in thickness, IWhCIl considered from a practical standpoint.
  • any of a variety of self-supporting strippable sheet materials 13 e.g., paper
  • a low adhesion or release surface or coating 14 e.g., silicone release compound
  • the base laminate structure 10 which carries the wood grain pattern will now be described. This structure, without the top or outermost layer taught herein, has been sold for several years in the United States for indoor uses.
  • the base laminate structure 10 is between about 3 and 15 mils and 375 microns) thick, preferably between 3 and 8 mils (75 and 200 microns) thick, and is made up of several layers firmly and permanently adhered and united or bonded together.
  • the bottom layer of the base laminate (i.e., the layer nearest or actually in contact with the pressure-sensitive adhesive coating) is a flexible opaque pigmented flexible resin layer sometimes called a background layer 15, which softens at least above 70 C. It is formed of pigmented plasticized polyvinyl chloride resin, and has a thickness of about one mil, plus or minus 0.5 mil (25 microns plus or minus 15 microns).
  • a decorative multicolor wood grain pattern layer 16 which is not a self-supporting layer.
  • the pattern is only a few microns up to about 5 microns thick.
  • This wood grain pattern is labeled 16 in the drawing, but is so thin it is illustrated in the drawing as consisting essentially of a line. It may be and frequently is discontinuous, relying upon some color from the pigmented background layer 15.
  • It is suitably formed of pigmented resin material, usually polyvinyl chloride, applied as an ink pattern by rotogravure printing from a cylinder carrying the wood grain pattern onto the supported background layer. Normally a separate printing step is required for each color of the pattern.
  • the technology of printing wood grain patterns is now well-known.
  • the next layer or film in the structure is preferably a prime coating of transitional adhesive material (not shown in the drawing) to effect strong adhesion or bonding between the upper surface of the wood grain pattern, which usually consists of differently pigmented polyvinyl chloride inks, and the transparent bodying and cushioning layer 17 over the wood grain pattern.
  • the prime coating of transitional adhesive is no more than about 5 microns thick, and usually is as thin as one micron or a few microns in thickness. While it normally is a continuous film, it may be a discontinuous film. Depending upon the method of manufacture employed in putting the layers of the base structure together, this prime adhesive layer may or may not be omitted. It is normally an in situ chemically-reacted film.
  • This transparent layer is essentially free of pigment material.
  • the wood grain pattern is visible through it. But the transparent layer must have a substantial thickness usually at two mils (50 microns) up to about 12 mils (300 microns) of thickness-so as to body the structure and cushion the underlying layers against damage from surface impact, scufling and the like. It is, however, at least thin enough to conform to underlying surfaces, which means that it does not exceed about 12 mils in thickness.
  • the transparent bodying layer is embossed with a tick pattern on the surface thereof away from the wood grain pattern.
  • This tick pattern is in the nature of small linelike dash marks of random length and of random spacing. Spacing between tick marks will vary, usually from a space about equal to the width of the marks up to about one-quarter inch (6 mm.).
  • These imitation tick marks are line-like depressions no deeper than threefourths the thickness of the transparent layer. They usually are about 2 mils deep, but may vary from as little as about 1 mil (25 microns) or so to about 3 mils (75 micorns) in depth. They are about as wide as they are deep, but may vary in width from about one-half to about two times their depth. Their length is not uniform.
  • length varies from about 2 to 100 or 200 or even 300 or 400 times their width. Generally lengths from 10 to 100 times width are more predominant, with a predominance of those having a length below 50 times their width for preferred realistic wood grain results. Stated another way, length varies from about 3 mils (75 microns) up to about /2 inch (12 mm).
  • embossed tick marks are substantially aligned with the grain pattern of the wood, but may not be aligned in the sense of always being parallel. However, they are most easily formed as somewhat parallel marking by rolling a cylinder with the desired pattern of line-like protrusions over the surface of the transparent layer under heat and pressure suflicient to permanently emboss .Or deform the resin of the transparent bodying layer (e.g., surface of bodying layer heated at least to 100 C. up to 250 C., and pressure at the nip of the cylinder at 200-600 p.s.i.g. or 550-1,700 kg. per square cm.).
  • the resin of the transparent bodying layer e.g., surface of bodying layer heated at least to 100 C. up to 250 C., and pressure at the nip of the cylinder at 200-600 p.s.i.g. or 550-1,700 kg. per square cm.
  • tick marks Normally the concentration of line-like depressions, or tick marks as they are called, should at least be in excess of 10 per square inch (1 per square centimeter of surface area. These tick marks impart a natural wood appearance to the surface and cause the surface to be nonplanar. They add depth or a three-dimensional characteristic to the article.
  • the top or outermost or surface layer 18 of the base laminate structure is the layer which converts the other parts of the sheet material of this invention into a new article having a combination of properties heretofore lacking in exterior trim wood grain laminates.
  • the outermost layer 18 is applied by solvent coating and is a non-tacky acrylate clear or transparent resin film (preferably polyethyl methacrylate) which is relatively rigid or stiff as compared with the underlying transparent bodying layer. It softens at least above 60 C., preferably above 70 C. At least the material of the outermost layer is more stiff or inflexible than the material of the body layer; but the unity of the outer layer to the relatively flexible bodying layer 17, as well as the very thin character of the outer layer and the back-up character of the bodying layer, work in combination to im part a flexible integrity and non-shattering character to the outer layer and the entire laminate in use applications.
  • a non-tacky acrylate clear or transparent resin film preferably polyethyl methacrylate
  • the thickness of the outer layer is usually about 1 mil (2.5 microns), but it may be as thin as 0.5 mil (10 microns).
  • the outer layer carries in it a replication of the tick pattern of the bodying layer 18 of the laminate. This is true even though it would not normally be expected that solvent application of a relatively rigid or brittle protective film over an embossed surface of depressions would, on drying, give one a final exterior film carrying a replication of the irregularities or embossing of the underlying surface. Instead of such a result as here taught, one would expect a solvent applied coating of topcoat material to fill or obliterate the depressions of the embossed area. But the solvent applied top coating 18 is essentially uniformly thick overall surface parts of bodying layer 17, and conforms evenly to the tick depressions therein.
  • the replication of the tick pattern in the outer acrylate layer serves to preserve the natural wood grain appearance of the sheeting. Equally important, the acrylate layer imparts resistance to weathering to the total structure and makes it practical for exterior automobile-trim decorative use.
  • the pigmented background color layer is first coated onto a low adhesion sized paper surface.
  • a typical formula for the background layer coating composition is an intimately blended mixture consisting of 16.6 parts of a polyvinyl chloride resin such as a terpolymer softening at about -100 C.
  • the terpolymer consisting of 91% vinyl chloride, 3% vinyl acetate and 5.7% vinyl alcohol monomers
  • a plasticizer for the terpolymer e.g., a liquid polymeric epoxidized soybean oil of about 1000 molecular weight and a softening temperature or freezing temperature of about 5 C.
  • stabilizers for the terpolymer resin e.g., suitably made up of .5 part organic tin chelate and 0.3 part alkyl-aryl phosphite
  • 12.8 parts of pigment material e.g., made up of 4.3 parts titanium dioxide, 5.8 parts yellow light chromium oxide, 1.7 parts red iron oxide and 1.0 part carbon black pasts
  • dispersants e.g., a mixture of long chain fatty acid esters of glycols)all dissolved or dispersed in a solvent mixture suitably consisting of 38 parts methyl isobutyl ketone, 25 parts toluen
  • a wood grain pattern is printed from a rotogravure press on the background layer using an ink formula such as, for example, one having the basic ingredients of the pigmented background composition.
  • An illustrative formula is one having 13 parts of the polyvinyl chloride resin, 2.2 parts of the plasticizer, 0.7 parts of the stabilizers, 0.6 part of the dispersant, and 19.5 parts of light red iron oxide pigment-all dissolved or dispersed in a solvent mixture of 31 parts methyl isobutyl ketone, 28 parts toluene, 2.5 parts 2-nitropr0pane, and 2.5 parts isopropanol. Solvent removal is again accomplished in the convection oven.
  • the transparent polyvinyl chloride bodying layer may be directly applied, but preferably is first formed to have a dry thickness of about 6 mils (150 microns). It suitably consists of the ingredients of the background layer, excluding all pigment from the same so as to end up with a transparent or clear 6 mil layer; but instead of the terpolymer of the background layer, other polyvinyl chlorides may be employed.
  • a size coating of a prime adhesive composition illustratively consisting of 26 parts of a polyester solution resin containing hydroxyl groups available for isocyanate reaction and 13 parts of liquid polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate (reaction of which with the polyester is accelerated by heat) dissolved in 52 parts toluene and 9 parts 2-nitropropane.
  • This size coating is suitably applied by a rotogravure cylinder in such sparse quantity that the dry coating is hardly measurable. It is dried by convection oven and then the sized side of the transparent bodying layer is laminated to the printed wood grain surface of the background layer. Lamination is accomplished by passing the layers through pressure rolls heated to 110-130 C. and under a pressure of 150 p.s.i.
  • the tick pattern on the surface of the bodying layer is then applied by passing the laminate, preheated to a temperature of 220-235 0., through a cylindrical nip under a pressure of 400-600 p.s.i.g. (1,000-1,700 kg. per sq. cm.).
  • the cylinder carries the pattern of outward projections which form the tick marks.
  • the outward projections suitably are 2 mils (50 microns) deep and about 2 to 3 mils wide and 3 to 50 mils in length in this illustration. They were spaced from 5 to 50 mils in random relationship.
  • a transparent lacquer coating consisting of 32 parts of polyethyl methacrylate softening above 70 C., 1.65 parts of a plasticizing ingredient such as the liquid polymeric epoxidized soybean oil of the ground coat, 1.65 parts of an ultraviolet absorber such as 2,2'-dihydroXy-4,4'-dimethoxy benzophenone (suitably in admixture with other tetra substituted benzophenones), and 64.7 parts of xylene as a volatile solvent. If desired, a small amount of silica fines may be added to the lacquer to further reduce gloss beyond the reduction caused by the tick marks.
  • the lacquer is dried to a solvent content of less than 2% based on the weight of the original wet coating. It is applied at a thickness such that its dry weight is about 5.5 to 6.5 grains per 24 square inches (0.3 to 0.5 gram per 0 square centimeters). Interestingly, the lacquer coating does not obliterate the tick marks of the bodying layer. In fact, the lacquer conforms to those depressions and is essentially uniformly thick over all surface parts of the bodying layer.
  • the temporary liner suitably consists of clay sized kraft paper coated with a non-migrating release agent such a non-adhesive release silicone (or for that matter, a polytetrafluoroethylene coating). Release liners of this type are available commercially.
  • the adhesive is suitably a copolymer of 90 parts fusel oil acrylate and 10 parts acrylic acid (Example 24 of United States Patent No. Re. 24,906). It is applied to the release surface of the temporary liner at a coating weight of 10 12 grains per 24 square inches (0.6 to 0.8 gram per 150' square centimeters).
  • the adhesive coated liner is then passed with its adhesive side next to the background layer of the base laminate through nip rolls pressed together at a pressure of 40-60 p.s.i.
  • the product is usually Wound in overlapping convolutions into a roll, normally a jumbo roll at least 2 feet in diameter, and is sold in commerce.
  • Automobile manufacturers apply the product 2 0 to automobile panels 21 by stripping the temporary linear from it to expose the adhesive surface. Then they press the adhesive surface against those panels which are to carry a wood grain trim.
  • a non-glossy weather-resistant decorative sheet material suitable for adhesive affixation at room temperature to an automobile panel to be decorated said sheet material comprising a base laminate structure, a normally tacky pressure-sensitive coating firmly adhered to one side thereof, and a disposable removable protective liner temporarily adhered over said adhesive coating, said base structure being between '4 and 15 mils thick and comprising, from said adhesive coating, the following layers permanently bonded together: a flexible opaque background pigmented layer of plasticized polyvinyl chloride resin about 1 mil plus or minus 0.5 mil in thickness, a decorative multicolor wood grain pattern of differently pigmented inks printed on said background layer at a thickness no greater than about 5 microns, a flexible transparent protective bodying layer of plasticized polyvinyl chloride resin of substantial thickness but no more than 12 mils thick and at least 2 mils thick with an embossed tick pattern on the surface thereof away from the decorative wood grain pattern, said embossed tick pattern consisting of a multiplicity of minute essentially parallel but staggered line-like depressions
  • the sheet material of claim 1 having in addition, a prime coating of transitional adhesive material up to about 5 microns thick between the wood grain pattern and the bodying layer.
  • composition of the prime coating includes ingredients chemically reacted together in situ to form the firm bond betWeen'the printed wood grain pattern and the bodying layer of the base laminate structure.
  • Buob Installing Decals, Auto Body and the Reconditioned Car, pp. 8, 39 (May 1964).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
US532947A 1966-03-09 1966-03-09 Decorative wood grain sheet material for automobile panels Expired - Lifetime US3452861A (en)

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DE (1) DE1646248A1 (de)
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SE (1) SE305163B (de)

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3704531A (en) * 1970-10-23 1972-12-05 Calvin L Seals Nature art wood grain painting kit
US3869332A (en) * 1973-07-27 1975-03-04 Standard Products Co Auto trim
US3971866A (en) * 1974-06-07 1976-07-27 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Thermoformable release liner
US5003745A (en) * 1990-01-22 1991-04-02 Fang Ho Tsung Door of concavity surface
US5503905A (en) * 1994-03-03 1996-04-02 Leonhard Kurz Gmbh & Co. Tick pattern for simulated wood transfer films and method of making same
US5950382A (en) * 1998-02-06 1999-09-14 Mdf Inc. Flat skinned door that simulates a three-dimensional molded skin door and corresponding method
US20020182960A1 (en) * 2001-05-30 2002-12-05 Domenic Cosentino Overlay trim member
US20060179774A1 (en) * 2000-06-13 2006-08-17 Flooring Industies Ltd. Floor covering, floor panels for forming such floor covering, and method for realizing such floor panels
US20070196611A1 (en) * 2002-07-16 2007-08-23 Yongjun Chen Packaging prefinished fiber cement articles
US7647809B1 (en) * 2004-03-13 2010-01-19 Spectrum Aeronautical, Llc Approach for indicating the occurrence of a mechanical impact on a material, such as a low-ductility composite material
US20110168781A1 (en) * 2010-01-12 2011-07-14 Sustainable Cards, Llc Hybrid card
US8167350B1 (en) * 2002-02-14 2012-05-01 Raymond Zappe Liner apparatus and method of making a liner
US8297018B2 (en) * 2002-07-16 2012-10-30 James Hardie Technology Limited Packaging prefinished fiber cement products
USD741404S1 (en) * 2013-12-05 2015-10-20 Homer Tlc, Inc. Financial transaction card
USD758618S1 (en) * 2015-01-12 2016-06-07 James Hardie Technology Limited Textured trim
USD758619S1 (en) * 2015-01-16 2016-06-07 James Hardie Technology Limited Textured trim
WO2016113290A1 (de) * 2015-01-16 2016-07-21 Fritz Egger Gmbh & Co. Og Bauelement mit durch prägen erzeugter oberflächenstruktur und verfahren zu dessen herstellung
USD771186S1 (en) * 2013-08-30 2016-11-08 Home Depot Product Authority, Llc Financial transaction card
US9611657B2 (en) 2004-12-23 2017-04-04 Flooring Industries Limited, Sarl Floor panel, as well as method, device and accessories for manufacturing such floor panel
CN109109402A (zh) * 2018-09-11 2019-01-01 韶关龙督装饰材料有限公司 一种仿木纹生产工艺及其防火板
CN111363487A (zh) * 2020-05-07 2020-07-03 安徽瑞驰复合材料有限公司 一种透明pvc高强度保护性隐形车贴及复合方法
US20210138827A1 (en) * 2018-03-30 2021-05-13 Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. Raised woodgrain finish decorative material

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US4520053A (en) * 1983-08-10 1985-05-28 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Layered composite for applying graphics having areas or both mirror-like metal and patterned appearance
BE1016394A3 (nl) * 2004-12-23 2006-10-03 Flooring Ind Ltd Vloerpaneel, alsmede werkwijze, inrichting en accessoires voor het vervaardigen van zulk vloerpaneel.

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US3194725A (en) * 1963-09-23 1965-07-13 American Cyanamid Co Laminate
US3330784A (en) * 1964-03-17 1967-07-11 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Optical effect in acrylate polymers by an internal foamed structure
US3361609A (en) * 1965-06-16 1968-01-02 Com Tech Inc Production process for embossable medium
US3363956A (en) * 1967-05-11 1968-01-16 Motorola Inc Wood grain cabinet
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US3008858A (en) * 1959-06-25 1961-11-14 Du Pont Stabilization of dyes by the use of ultraviolet light-absorbing metal chelates
US3385748A (en) * 1962-07-17 1968-05-28 Johnson Matthey Co Ltd Water release transfer
US3194725A (en) * 1963-09-23 1965-07-13 American Cyanamid Co Laminate
US3330784A (en) * 1964-03-17 1967-07-11 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Optical effect in acrylate polymers by an internal foamed structure
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Cited By (42)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3704531A (en) * 1970-10-23 1972-12-05 Calvin L Seals Nature art wood grain painting kit
US3869332A (en) * 1973-07-27 1975-03-04 Standard Products Co Auto trim
US3971866A (en) * 1974-06-07 1976-07-27 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Thermoformable release liner
US5003745A (en) * 1990-01-22 1991-04-02 Fang Ho Tsung Door of concavity surface
US5779840A (en) * 1992-06-07 1998-07-14 Leonhard Kurz, Gmbh & Co. Method of providing a tick pattern to simulated wood transfer films
US5503905A (en) * 1994-03-03 1996-04-02 Leonhard Kurz Gmbh & Co. Tick pattern for simulated wood transfer films and method of making same
US5950382A (en) * 1998-02-06 1999-09-14 Mdf Inc. Flat skinned door that simulates a three-dimensional molded skin door and corresponding method
US6309503B1 (en) 1998-02-06 2001-10-30 Mdf, Inc. Flat skinned door that simulates a three dimensional molded skin door and corresponding method
US7249445B2 (en) 2000-06-13 2007-07-31 Flooring Industries Ltd. Floor covering, floor panels for forming such floor covering, and method of realizing such floor panels
US8535589B2 (en) 2000-06-13 2013-09-17 Flooring Industries Limited, Sarl Floor covering, floor panels for forming such floor covering, and method for realizing such floor panels
US20060179775A1 (en) * 2000-06-13 2006-08-17 Flooring Industries Ltd. Floor covering, floor panels for forming such floor covering, and method for realizing such floor panels
US20060179776A1 (en) * 2000-06-13 2006-08-17 Flooring Industries Ltd. Floor covering, floor panels for forming such floor covering, and method for realizing such floor panels
US20060179772A1 (en) * 2000-06-13 2006-08-17 Flooring Industries Ltd. Floor covering, floor panels for forming such floor covering, and method for realizing such floor panels
US20070051064A1 (en) * 2000-06-13 2007-03-08 Thiers Bernard P J Floor covering, floor panels for forming such floor covering, and method of realizing such floor panels
US9970198B2 (en) 2000-06-13 2018-05-15 Flooring Industries Limited, Sarl Floor covering, floor panels for forming such floor covering, and method for realizing such floor panels
US20060179774A1 (en) * 2000-06-13 2006-08-17 Flooring Industies Ltd. Floor covering, floor panels for forming such floor covering, and method for realizing such floor panels
US7632561B2 (en) 2000-06-13 2009-12-15 Flooring Industries Limited, Sarl Laminate floor covering panel having wood pattern
US20110011524A1 (en) * 2000-06-13 2011-01-20 Bernard Paul Joseph Thiers Floor covering, floor panels for forming such floor covering, and method for realizing such floor panels
US7842212B2 (en) 2000-06-13 2010-11-30 Flooring Industries Limited, Sarl Floor covering, floor panels for forming such floor covering, and method for realizing such floor panels
US20020182960A1 (en) * 2001-05-30 2002-12-05 Domenic Cosentino Overlay trim member
US8167350B1 (en) * 2002-02-14 2012-05-01 Raymond Zappe Liner apparatus and method of making a liner
US8281535B2 (en) 2002-07-16 2012-10-09 James Hardie Technology Limited Packaging prefinished fiber cement articles
US8297018B2 (en) * 2002-07-16 2012-10-30 James Hardie Technology Limited Packaging prefinished fiber cement products
US20070196611A1 (en) * 2002-07-16 2007-08-23 Yongjun Chen Packaging prefinished fiber cement articles
US7647809B1 (en) * 2004-03-13 2010-01-19 Spectrum Aeronautical, Llc Approach for indicating the occurrence of a mechanical impact on a material, such as a low-ductility composite material
US11208813B2 (en) 2004-12-23 2021-12-28 Flooring Industries Limited, Sarl Floor panel, as well as method, device and accessories for manufacturing such floor panel
US10415257B2 (en) 2004-12-23 2019-09-17 Flooring Industries Limited, Sarl Floor panel, as well as method, device and accessories for manufacturing such floor panel
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SE305163B (de) 1968-10-14
GB1187681A (en) 1970-04-15
DE1646248A1 (de) 1971-07-08

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