US3443631A - High-pressure container - Google Patents

High-pressure container Download PDF

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Publication number
US3443631A
US3443631A US392517A US3443631DA US3443631A US 3443631 A US3443631 A US 3443631A US 392517 A US392517 A US 392517A US 3443631D A US3443631D A US 3443631DA US 3443631 A US3443631 A US 3443631A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
chamber
pressure
shell
container
concrete
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US392517A
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English (en)
Inventor
Ferdinand Bremer
Joachim Meyer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Beteiligungs und Patentverwaltungs GmbH
Original Assignee
Beteiligungs und Patentverwaltungs GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Beteiligungs und Patentverwaltungs GmbH filed Critical Beteiligungs und Patentverwaltungs GmbH
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Publication of US3443631A publication Critical patent/US3443631A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H7/00—Construction or assembling of bulk storage containers employing civil engineering techniques in situ or off the site
    • E04H7/02—Containers for fluids or gases; Supports therefor
    • E04H7/18—Containers for fluids or gases; Supports therefor mainly of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stone-like material
    • E04H7/20—Prestressed constructions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J12/00—Pressure vessels in general
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C11/00—Shielding structurally associated with the reactor
    • G21C11/08—Thermal shields; Thermal linings, i.e. for dissipating heat from gamma radiation which would otherwise heat an outer biological shield ; Thermal insulation
    • G21C11/088—Thermal shields; Thermal linings, i.e. for dissipating heat from gamma radiation which would otherwise heat an outer biological shield ; Thermal insulation consisting of a stagnant or a circulating fluid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C13/00—Pressure vessels; Containment vessels; Containment in general
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
    • G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
    • G21C15/12—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices from pressure vessel; from containment vessel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to containers for high inner pressure, especially pressure containers for core reactors.
  • lt is another object of this invention to provide a container as set forth in the preceding paragraph which can be readily constructed at relatively low costs.
  • FIG. l illustrates a vertical section through a cylindrical pressure container according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross section through a spherical pressure container according to the present invention.
  • the container according to the present invention is characterized in that the container wall is composed of at least an outer shell of pre-stressed concrete, of an inner shell by means of which harmful effects of the container contentsexcept the pressure effectare kept away from the outer shell, and as the case may be from the surroundings outside said outer shell, and of a filling of liquid of low compressibility interposed between said two shells, means being provided which are adapted to convey the pressure in the interior of the container onto said filling without subjecting the inner shell to stresses.
  • a cooling system is provided within said filling.
  • the means for conveying the pressure from the interior of the container onto said filling preferably consists of at least a passage in the inner shell and a diaphragm adapted to close said passage.
  • the inner shell is formed, for instance, by a cover of temperature nonsensitive protective material such as concrete of high heat resistance, and by a cover of heat insulating material for instance ceramic or tuff surrounding said first mentioned cover.
  • the pressure States mem lice container illustrated in FIG. l has an outer cylindrical shell 1 of pre-stressed concrete.
  • outer shell 1 of pre-stressed concrete.
  • steel wires 2 which impart upon the concrete the required pre-stress in tangential direction.
  • the inner chamber of the container is confined by a cylindrical wall 3 of concrete of high heat resistance.
  • This concrete which, as the case may be, is particularly heavy and rich in hydrogen, serves for shielding against radioactive rays.
  • Wall 3 has its outside surrounded by a wall 4 of heat insulating material as, for instance, ceramic or tuff.
  • Each, the inner wall 3 and the outside of wall 4 is covered by a skin S and 6 respectively of steel sheet metal. These metal sheets serveV as gas and liquid seal. Moreover, they may also serve as mold when preparing wall 3, 4.
  • a cylindrical chamber 7 which is completely filled with water and contains cooling pipes 8 leading at the upper end of chamber 7 toward the outside for connection with a cooling system.
  • the inner chamber C of the container communicates with the intermediate chamber 7 between the two shells by at least one passage 9 which has two bends and extends through wall 3 and also through wall 4.
  • the mouth of passage 9 in chamber 7 is closed by a diaphragm 10, which transmits the pressure from the inner chamber C to the intermediate chamber 7. Furthermore the diaphragm 10 prevents any exchange of media between the inner chamber C and the intermediate chamber 7.
  • the passage 9 in cooperation with the diaphragm 10 causes the existence of equal pressures in the inner chamber C and the intermediate chamber 7.
  • the top and bottom of said container are closed by inwardly arched spherical segments 11 and 12 respectively of concrete. These segments are provided with linings 13 and 14 respectively of heat insulating material as for instance ceramic. Lining 14 is designed as load distributing pressure layer.
  • a conduit 15 extends through an opening of the container and is adapted to be connected to means for gas feeding.
  • Outer shell 1 is in axial direction thereof pre-stressed by vertically extending steel wires 16. Near the ends 0f shell 1, the concrete is provided with passages 17 for cooling air.
  • the pressure prevailing in the container is conveyed to the water in chamber 7 by channel 9 or, as the case may be, by a plurality of such channels in the interior wall 3 and the heat insulating wall 4 in cooperation with a diaphragm or diaphragms 10. Since, therefore, a pressure equalization is effected between the inner and outer sides of the inner shell formed by walls 3 and 4, this shell will not be subjected to the pressure of operation of the reactor.
  • This pressure is rather absorbed solely ⁇ by the outer pre-stressed concrete shell 1 inasmuch as it is this shell 1 onto which said pressure is con veyed by the water filling in chamber 7. Consequently, by means of steel wires 2, such a pre-stress of the concrete in shell 1 is produced that at the maximum pressure of operation occurring in the reactor, a suflicient compressive stress remains in the concrete.
  • pre-stressing wires 2 and 16 are located exclusively in the outer concrete shell 1, they are not exposed to any undesired temperature influences. This is aided on one hand by the heat insulating wall 4 which limits the temperature drop in Wall 3, for instance to 50 C., and on the other hand, the heat transfer-red to the water filling is conducted away by means of cooling pipes 8.
  • Chamber 7 between the outer and inner shells may, instead of being filled with water, also be filled with ana other liquid as for instance oil.
  • Water is particularly advantageous inasmuch as it represents a good heat con ductor and, moreover, acts as brake for neutrons.
  • the ball-shaped container according to FIG. 2 is principally built up in the same ⁇ way as the cylindrical con tainer of FIG. 1.
  • the outer shell 18 is formed by a hollow ball of pre-stressed concrete.
  • the lower portion of said hollow ball merges with a base 19, whereas the upper portion merges with a connecting piece 20 for a filling device for the reactor.
  • the concrete of this shell contains a network of steel wires 21 crossing each other for obtaining a pre-stress.
  • the tensioning heads 22 of said wires 21 are accessible from the outside.
  • the inner shell is formed by a hollow ball 23 of concrete of high heat resistance and of a ball-shaped wall 24 surrounding said hollow ball ⁇ 23 and made of insulating material as, for instance ceramic or tuff.
  • the inner side of hollow ball 23 and the outside of wall 24 are each provided with a skin 25, 26 respectively of steel sheet metal.
  • Inner shell 23, 24 rests upon outer shell 18 by means of hearings 27 of corrosion-resistant steel.
  • a concrete stud 28 is provided which extends from the outer shell 18 with slight play into a recess 29 of the inner shell.
  • a conduit 15 extends through an opening of the container and is adapted to be connected to means for the gas feeding.
  • the inner shell 23, 24 is in the same manner as the container of FIG. 1 relieved from pressure by the fact that a pressure equalization is effected between the interior of the container and an intermediate chamber 30 provided between the outer and inner shells and filled with water.
  • This may be effected by a pressure control system which from the outside acts upon the filling of chamber 30.
  • pipes 31 and 32 respectively the interior of the container and the intermediate chamber 30 are connected with a difference pressure control gauge 33. Any difference in pressure in the interior of the container and the chamber 30 is transmitted to a command unit 34.
  • the command unit 34 pilots the pump 3S in such a way that the pressures are kept in equilibrium.
  • the pump 35 is connected with the storage unit 36.
  • Chamber 30 also has provided therein cooling means 33. Also in this instance, the steel wires 21 for imposing a pre-stress upon the outer shell 18 are guarded against harmful temperature influences.
  • a high pressure container which includes: an outer shell of prestressed concrete, an inner heat insulating shell arranged in radially spaced relationship to and within said outer shell so as to define therewith a chamber closed in itself, said chamber being filled with a liquid, cooling means extending into said liquid filled chamber for cooling the liquid therein, the inside wall of said inner shell For purpose of defining a main chamber, and means communicating with both said inner chamber and said liquid filled chamber for equalizing the pressure in both of said chambers, whereby said inner shell does not have to absorb the pressure prevailing in said main chamber and said inner shell need not be of prestressed concrete.
  • a high pressure container in which the means for equalizing the pressure in both of said chambers includes conduit means leading from said main chamber through said inner shell to said liquid filled chamber and also includes diaphragm means extending over the mouth of said conduit means in said liquid filled chamber.
  • a high pressure container in which said inner shell comprises a first part of high heat resistant material and also comprises a second part surrounding said first part and consisting of heat insulating material.
  • a high pressure container in which said inner and outer shells are of a cylindrical contour and are closed at their ends by inwardly arched end walls with an inner lining of heat insulating material.
  • a high pressure container in which said container has a ball-shaped contour with the inner and outer shells thereof interlocked.
  • a high pressure container in which said conduit means leading from said main chamber to said liquid filled chamber is formed by stepped conduit means.
  • said inner heat insulating shell includes: a concrete central wall portion, an outer heat insulating wall portion engaging said central wall portion, and an inner wall portion of sheet metal in engagement with said central wall portion so that said central wall portion is interposed between and in engagement with said outer heat insulating wall portion and said inner wall portion.
  • a high pressure container in which said outer heat insulating wall portion is of tuff.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
US392517A 1963-09-19 1964-08-27 High-pressure container Expired - Lifetime US3443631A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEB73573A DE1185362B (de) 1963-09-19 1963-09-19 Behaelter fuer hohen Innendruck, insbesondere Druckbehaelter eines Kernreaktors

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3443631A true US3443631A (en) 1969-05-13

Family

ID=6977905

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US392517A Expired - Lifetime US3443631A (en) 1963-09-19 1964-08-27 High-pressure container

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3443631A (de)
BE (1) BE653224A (de)
DE (1) DE1185362B (de)
GB (1) GB1017365A (de)
LU (1) LU46931A1 (de)
NL (1) NL6410846A (de)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3647103A (en) * 1969-12-19 1972-03-07 Foster Wheeler Corp Multilayer pressure vessel
US3683574A (en) * 1969-08-09 1972-08-15 Hocktief Ag Fur Hoch Und Tiefb Cylindrical tank for containing high-pressure fluids
US3863410A (en) * 1971-12-23 1975-02-04 Siemens Ag Pressure-tight reactor tank
US3893508A (en) * 1971-07-30 1975-07-08 Reaktorbau Forschungs & Bau Pressure vessel
FR2311159A1 (fr) * 1975-05-13 1976-12-10 Nederhorst Bouwmij Paroi de securite pour citerne de stockage
US4092215A (en) * 1975-09-30 1978-05-30 Kraftwerk Union Aktiengesellschaft Rupture protection device for steam generators of substantially cylindrical shape, preferably of pressurized-water nuclear power plants
US4236573A (en) * 1977-11-15 1980-12-02 L. & C. Steinmuller Gmbh High-temperature gas exit from a pre-stressed pressure container
US4767593A (en) * 1987-06-15 1988-08-30 Wedellsborg Bendt W Multiple shell pressure vessel
US4836443A (en) * 1986-05-24 1989-06-06 Kernforschungsanlage Julich Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Temperature-dependent pressure release device for pressure vessels
US6193876B1 (en) * 1996-07-22 2001-02-27 European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) Hydrogenation method and reactor
EP1085243A1 (de) * 1998-07-17 2001-03-21 Linnemann-Schnetzer GmbH Behälter zur Aufnahme eines unter Druck stehenden Mediums
US9943088B2 (en) 2011-11-08 2018-04-17 Carrier Corporation Heat exchanger and method of making thereof

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL128708C (de) * 1965-05-07
DE2504996C2 (de) * 1974-02-07 1984-02-23 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, London Innendruckbehälter
DE2518357C2 (de) * 1975-04-25 1987-04-02 Hochtemperatur-Reaktorbau GmbH, 5000 Köln Zylindrischer Spannbetondruckbehälter mit einer zentralen Kaverne für einen Kernreaktor
CH711984B1 (de) * 2007-12-06 2017-06-30 Tüv Süd Schweiz Ag Hochdruckkapsel für Druckmessungen und Messvorrichtung mit einer Hochdruckkapsel.

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1911608A (en) * 1933-05-30 Fressttbe vessel lining
US2777295A (en) * 1952-09-12 1957-01-15 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Concrete reservoir for liquefied gases
GB800388A (en) * 1956-02-03 1958-08-27 Gen Electric Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to nuclear reactors
GB859072A (en) * 1959-02-10 1961-01-18 Jacoby Boye Jacobsen Improvements in vessels or receptacles for use with nuclear reactors
GB861513A (en) * 1957-11-26 1961-02-22 Commissariat Energie Atomique Improvements in or relating to nuclear reactors
US2995505A (en) * 1957-04-25 1961-08-08 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Liquid sealed nuclear reactor containment vessel
GB936198A (en) * 1965-04-14 1963-09-04 Alan James Harris An improved high-pressure vessel constructed of pre-stressed concrete
US3175958A (en) * 1962-05-30 1965-03-30 Soc Indatom Thermal barrier for nuclear reactor vessel
US3260020A (en) * 1962-05-24 1966-07-12 Cie D Ingenieurs Et Technicien Concentric chambered prestressed unit
US3301320A (en) * 1964-08-07 1967-01-31 Pyrochem Corp Apparatus for containing hot metalattacking gases such as hydrogen and hydrogen sulphide under pressure whereby chemical and thermal stresses are separated from hoop stress

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE566705A (de) *

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1911608A (en) * 1933-05-30 Fressttbe vessel lining
US2777295A (en) * 1952-09-12 1957-01-15 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Concrete reservoir for liquefied gases
GB800388A (en) * 1956-02-03 1958-08-27 Gen Electric Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to nuclear reactors
US2995505A (en) * 1957-04-25 1961-08-08 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Liquid sealed nuclear reactor containment vessel
GB861513A (en) * 1957-11-26 1961-02-22 Commissariat Energie Atomique Improvements in or relating to nuclear reactors
GB859072A (en) * 1959-02-10 1961-01-18 Jacoby Boye Jacobsen Improvements in vessels or receptacles for use with nuclear reactors
US3260020A (en) * 1962-05-24 1966-07-12 Cie D Ingenieurs Et Technicien Concentric chambered prestressed unit
US3175958A (en) * 1962-05-30 1965-03-30 Soc Indatom Thermal barrier for nuclear reactor vessel
US3301320A (en) * 1964-08-07 1967-01-31 Pyrochem Corp Apparatus for containing hot metalattacking gases such as hydrogen and hydrogen sulphide under pressure whereby chemical and thermal stresses are separated from hoop stress
GB936198A (en) * 1965-04-14 1963-09-04 Alan James Harris An improved high-pressure vessel constructed of pre-stressed concrete

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3683574A (en) * 1969-08-09 1972-08-15 Hocktief Ag Fur Hoch Und Tiefb Cylindrical tank for containing high-pressure fluids
US3647103A (en) * 1969-12-19 1972-03-07 Foster Wheeler Corp Multilayer pressure vessel
US3893508A (en) * 1971-07-30 1975-07-08 Reaktorbau Forschungs & Bau Pressure vessel
US3863410A (en) * 1971-12-23 1975-02-04 Siemens Ag Pressure-tight reactor tank
FR2311159A1 (fr) * 1975-05-13 1976-12-10 Nederhorst Bouwmij Paroi de securite pour citerne de stockage
US4092215A (en) * 1975-09-30 1978-05-30 Kraftwerk Union Aktiengesellschaft Rupture protection device for steam generators of substantially cylindrical shape, preferably of pressurized-water nuclear power plants
US4236573A (en) * 1977-11-15 1980-12-02 L. & C. Steinmuller Gmbh High-temperature gas exit from a pre-stressed pressure container
US4836443A (en) * 1986-05-24 1989-06-06 Kernforschungsanlage Julich Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Temperature-dependent pressure release device for pressure vessels
US4767593A (en) * 1987-06-15 1988-08-30 Wedellsborg Bendt W Multiple shell pressure vessel
US6193876B1 (en) * 1996-07-22 2001-02-27 European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) Hydrogenation method and reactor
EP1085243A1 (de) * 1998-07-17 2001-03-21 Linnemann-Schnetzer GmbH Behälter zur Aufnahme eines unter Druck stehenden Mediums
US9943088B2 (en) 2011-11-08 2018-04-17 Carrier Corporation Heat exchanger and method of making thereof
US10785992B2 (en) 2011-11-08 2020-09-29 Taylor Commercial Foodservice, Llc Heat exchanger and method of making thereof
US11278040B2 (en) 2011-11-08 2022-03-22 Taylor Commercial Foodservice, Llc Heat exchanger and method of making thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE653224A (de) 1965-01-18
NL6410846A (de) 1965-03-22
DE1185362B (de) 1965-01-14
GB1017365A (en) 1966-01-19
LU46931A1 (de) 1964-11-11

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