US3438208A - Method for the stepwise displacement of a heavy body over or through the ground - Google Patents

Method for the stepwise displacement of a heavy body over or through the ground Download PDF

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Publication number
US3438208A
US3438208A US561244A US3438208DA US3438208A US 3438208 A US3438208 A US 3438208A US 561244 A US561244 A US 561244A US 3438208D A US3438208D A US 3438208DA US 3438208 A US3438208 A US 3438208A
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Prior art keywords
ground
displacement
tunnel
intermediate layer
strips
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US561244A
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English (en)
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Albert Heeringa
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/005—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by forcing prefabricated elements through the ground, e.g. by pushing lining from an access pit

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the step wise displacement of a heavy body, such as a structure or part thereof, for example, a tunnel segment or similar body, over or through the ground, wherein said body and the ground are separated from each other by an intermediate layer.
  • a heavy body such as a structure or part thereof, for example, a tunnel segment or similar body
  • the friction between the intermediate layer and the ground on which that layer rests can be decreased, for example, conditions permitting, by laying out on the ground a track of plates, girders or similar elements, with respect to which the intermediate layer can be moved with less tension than with respect to the ground.
  • fat, rollers or other friction-decreasing means may be employed.
  • this method involves an increased use of material.
  • the material used for the track is loaded very adversely and suffers badly by the frequent displacements, especially when the path of displacement of the load is long, because then, in order to avoid the necessity of too large a number of elements, the elements of the track that have become free will be shifted each time to form another track portion.
  • the earth above said body and that which is located on that earth are carried along when the height of the earth layer on the body is small relative to the size of the body measured transversely of the direction of displacement.
  • each step of displacement is effected by first moving successively of the entire intermediate layer, which is divided into a plurality of parallel strips extending in the direction of displacement, each individual strip one step with respect to the other strips between the ground and the body, and subsequently having said body take the step of displacement relative to the intermediate layer thus displaced. It stands to reason that instead of one strip at a time also a number of strips can be displaced simultaneously.
  • the intermediate layer is segmented in adirection transversely of the direction of displacement, i.e. said intermediate layer consists of a plurality of strips extending in the direction of displacement.
  • said intermediate layer consists of a plurality of strips extending in the direction of displacement.
  • the force for the steps of displacement of the heavy body relative to the intermediate layer which force is to be received as the reaction force by the intermediate layer, can, naturally, be kept considerably smaller than in the prior method for overcoming the friction between the body-loaded intermediate layer and the ground. Besides it is no longer necessary to provide separate anchorages in the ground.
  • jacks, winches, or similar known pushing or pulling means can be used, and, if desired, in combination.
  • these strips may, in accordance with another embodiment of the invention, also have a guiding elfect upon each other during their individual steps of displacement, for example, because of said strips being constructed as steel piling strips intermeshing by means of the conventional joints, or grooved and tongued timber sections, or otherwise.
  • the present invention also relates to a heavy load, such as a structure or part thereof, for example, a tunnel segment or similar body, which has been displaced with respect to the ground supporting the body or supported by said body, in accordance with the invented method.
  • a heavy load such as a structure or part thereof, for example, a tunnel segment or similar body, which has been displaced with respect to the ground supporting the body or supported by said body, in accordance with the invented method.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-section of a body of earth, with an elevation of the intermediate layer between the tunnel or culvert body to be driven through said darn of earth;
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an enlarged scale of the end of the tunnel segment surrounded by the intermediate layer during that phase of the method in which the strips of the intermediate layer are individually moved;
  • FIG. 3 is a vertical longitudinal section of the projecting end of the tunnel body with an elevation of hydraulic pushing jacks for displacing the tunnel or culvert body relative to the intermediate layer.
  • a tunnel or culvert body 1 of reinforced concrete is to be provided through a dam or dyke 2 of earth.
  • FIGURES land 2 show that the concrete body 1 is surrounded at its outer periphery by a container-like in termediate layer 3 which is composed of steel piling strips extending longitudinally of the tunnel or culvert body and intermeshing at their longitudinal side edges by means of the conventional sheet piling joints.
  • FIG. 1 Depicted in FIG. 1 is the phase in which the tunnel or culvert body has been driven through the body of earth for some distance, namely, at the beginning of a new cycle in which the individual piling sheets of the container-like intermediate layer 3 are moved on one by one some way.
  • Partly decisive of the length of the steps of this step-wise displacement of the individual piling sheets is the pressure of the earth above the tunnel or culvert body. This will be explained in detail hereinafter.
  • FIG. 2 shows the left-hand end view of the tunnel body as depicted in FIG. 1, in which the steps of displacement for the individual piling sheets of the side walls and the bottom of the container-like intermediate layer have been completed, except for the two uppermost sheets of the front side wall of the container shown in FIG. 2.
  • the reaction forces can be transferred direct
  • the last step of the cycle can be executed, which comprises displacing the tunnel or culvert body in the direction of the arrow A relative to the container that has been moved forwards, to which effect, as shown in FIG. 3, the sections of sheet piling extending at the projecting end of the container beyond the end of the body are interconnected, for example, by means of cross beams 4, and jacks 5 are provided between said cross beams and the projecting face of the tunnel or culvert body.
  • the cycle has come to an end, and in a similar way the next stepwise displacement, first of the individual piling sheets of the container 3 and then of the tunnel or culvert body, can take place.
  • the piling sheets 3 are separately removed from between the ground and the tunnel body which has reached its ultimate position.
  • the above embodiment for the displacement of a tunnel or tunnel segment has the additional and very important advantage that even with a small ground covering the earth above the tunnel, including that which is located on that earth, is not carried along when the tunnel is displaced, but will stay in position.
  • the smallest possible ground covering at which the upper ground will stay in position without any special steps is about equal to the width of one strip of the intermediate layer.
  • partitions will have to be provided transversely of the direction of displacement.
  • a similar advantage is obtained by the invented method when a tunnel is to be constructed under an existing building, because the distance between the top of the tunnel and the lowermost boundary of the foundation of the building can be very small.
  • the tunnel is built according to the so-called shield method, the same advantage can be reached when, in addition to the shield, the segmented intermediate layer according to the invention is applied. Besides, the work can be performed more rapidly, because, in advancing the shield, said shield can be pushed olfnot from the tunnel segmentsbut from the somewhat extended, intermediate layer. Consequently, the positioning of the tunnel segments can proceed without any interruption.
  • the intermediate layers according to the present invention which consist of strips and are not required here for the underside of the fioor plate, can be advantageously applied to either only the upper face or also to the side faces.
  • the supporting joists to be piled should then be extended each time when the tunnel is displaced.
  • each step of displacement is effected by first moving successively of the entire layer, which is divided into a plurality of relatively slidable edge interconnected parallel strips extending in the direction of displacement, each individual strip one step with respect to the other strips between the ground and the body, and subsequently imparting to said body the step of displacement relative to the layer thus displaced.
  • the herein described method of advancing a heavy structural body relative to the ground comprising supporting the body on an underlying support layer resting on the ground and composed of longitudinally interlocked and independently and relativelylongitudinally slidable sections each of a length greater than the length of said body, moving the support layer longitudinally in successive steps relative to the ground each step effected by sliding of individual sections thereof relatively to each other the ground and the body, and moving the body stepwise relative to the support layer and the ground after each such section-by-section movement of the support layer relative to the ground.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
  • Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)
US561244A 1965-07-01 1966-06-28 Method for the stepwise displacement of a heavy body over or through the ground Expired - Lifetime US3438208A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL6508472A NL6508472A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1965-07-01 1965-07-01

Publications (1)

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US3438208A true US3438208A (en) 1969-04-15

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US561244A Expired - Lifetime US3438208A (en) 1965-07-01 1966-06-28 Method for the stepwise displacement of a heavy body over or through the ground

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US (1) US3438208A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE683538A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1684265A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1154707A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL6508472A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5253955A (en) * 1990-01-30 1993-10-19 Walbroehl H T Automatically advancing supporting and sliding form for introducing an in-situ concrete lining
NL1014052C2 (nl) * 2000-01-11 2001-07-12 Aannemingsbedrijf Dubbink Vrie Werkwijze voor het bouwen van een tunnel.
CN107330194A (zh) * 2017-06-29 2017-11-07 暨南大学 盾构隧道开挖对邻近群桩基础影响的数值模拟分析方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8927648D0 (en) * 1989-12-07 1990-02-07 Aeb Jacked Structures Ltd Improvements in and relating to forming a passageway through the ground

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1275910A (en) * 1916-08-31 1918-08-13 James W Hamilton Method of and apparatus for constructing tunnels.
DE567122C (de) * 1932-12-28 Josef Lengert Vorrichtung zum abwechselnden Vortreiben des den Tunnelschild bildenden Vor- und Hauptschildes
DE581648C (de) * 1931-11-14 1933-07-31 Hochtief Akt Ges Fuer Hoch Und Verfahren zum Herstellen von Stollen und Tunneln mit wanderndem Verzug

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE567122C (de) * 1932-12-28 Josef Lengert Vorrichtung zum abwechselnden Vortreiben des den Tunnelschild bildenden Vor- und Hauptschildes
US1275910A (en) * 1916-08-31 1918-08-13 James W Hamilton Method of and apparatus for constructing tunnels.
DE581648C (de) * 1931-11-14 1933-07-31 Hochtief Akt Ges Fuer Hoch Und Verfahren zum Herstellen von Stollen und Tunneln mit wanderndem Verzug

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5253955A (en) * 1990-01-30 1993-10-19 Walbroehl H T Automatically advancing supporting and sliding form for introducing an in-situ concrete lining
NL1014052C2 (nl) * 2000-01-11 2001-07-12 Aannemingsbedrijf Dubbink Vrie Werkwijze voor het bouwen van een tunnel.
CN107330194A (zh) * 2017-06-29 2017-11-07 暨南大学 盾构隧道开挖对邻近群桩基础影响的数值模拟分析方法
CN107330194B (zh) * 2017-06-29 2020-05-08 暨南大学 盾构隧道开挖对邻近群桩基础影响的数值模拟分析方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1684265A1 (de) 1969-10-16
BE683538A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1966-12-16
NL6508472A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1967-01-02
GB1154707A (en) 1969-06-11

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