US3423004A - Package with hinged lid - Google Patents

Package with hinged lid Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3423004A
US3423004A US634611A US3423004DA US3423004A US 3423004 A US3423004 A US 3423004A US 634611 A US634611 A US 634611A US 3423004D A US3423004D A US 3423004DA US 3423004 A US3423004 A US 3423004A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
package
lid
flange
inner package
liner
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US634611A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Od W Christensson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
OD W CHRISTENSSON
Original Assignee
OD W CHRISTENSSON
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by OD W CHRISTENSSON filed Critical OD W CHRISTENSSON
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3423004A publication Critical patent/US3423004A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D5/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper
    • B65D5/42—Details of containers or of foldable or erectable container blanks
    • B65D5/64—Lids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D25/00—Details of other kinds or types of rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D25/14—Linings or internal coatings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D43/00—Lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D43/14—Non-removable lids or covers
    • B65D43/16—Non-removable lids or covers hinged for upward or downward movement
    • B65D43/162—Non-removable lids or covers hinged for upward or downward movement the container, the lid and the hinge being made of one piece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D5/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper
    • B65D5/42—Details of containers or of foldable or erectable container blanks
    • B65D5/64—Lids
    • B65D5/66—Hinged lids
    • B65D5/6697—Separate lids attached to the container body by a hinge element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D77/00—Packages formed by enclosing articles or materials in preformed containers, e.g. boxes, cartons, sacks or bags
    • B65D77/04—Articles or materials enclosed in two or more containers disposed one within another
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2251/00—Details relating to container closures
    • B65D2251/10—Details of hinged closures
    • B65D2251/1016—Means for locking the closure in closed position
    • B65D2251/105—The closure having a part fitting over the rim of the container or spout and retained by snapping over integral beads or projections
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D85/00—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials
    • B65D85/70—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for materials not otherwise provided for
    • B65D85/72—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for materials not otherwise provided for for edible or potable liquids, semiliquids, or plastic or pasty materials
    • B65D85/74—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for materials not otherwise provided for for edible or potable liquids, semiliquids, or plastic or pasty materials for butter, margarine, or lard
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D85/00—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials
    • B65D85/70—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for materials not otherwise provided for
    • B65D85/72—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for materials not otherwise provided for for edible or potable liquids, semiliquids, or plastic or pasty materials
    • B65D85/76—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for materials not otherwise provided for for edible or potable liquids, semiliquids, or plastic or pasty materials for cheese

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to an outer package of cardboard or any similar stiff material with an inner package mounted therein, said inner package being ymade of a thinner, liquid and gas tight material, as well as provided with a tightly closing, hinged and reclosable lid.
  • the package according to the invention is especially adapted for packing foodstuffs and other products having a tendency of getting dry or being affected by inlluence of the atmosphere.
  • soft cheeses As an example on products of the kind mentioned above there may especially be referred to soft cheeses, molten cheeses, whey-butter, marmelade, jam, mush, pastes and many other products within the food business iield but the package is as well useable for packing industrial or medical products such as glue, paste, dye, varnishes, laquers, unguents, pills, and powders of difierent kinds and many other things.
  • Packages for the products concerned have hitherto usu- -ally been produced from pulp or cardboard, which, after it has been given its nal form, has been sprayed or in any other way provided with a cover of plastics or a wax, or has been provided with an inner package or a liner, applied inside of the stiff outer covering, and being made from plastics, waxed paper, metal foil or the like.
  • the lid has sometimes been made in one piece with the cover, but in most cases these packages were provided with a separate lid.
  • the package is opened by said lid being raised and eventually being torn away from the remaining parts of the cover, the inner package or the liner thereafter being cut up for making at least part of its contents available.
  • the lid is not tight against the inner package.
  • the packed product therefore had to be consumed within a shorter period of time than would otherwise be required, because otherwise it should be damaged.
  • the sealing may be in the form of a glue joint or a wax joint or a plastics joint between the inner edges of the lid and the outer edges of the remainder of the package, or it may consist in a sealing tape of plastics, paper or other material, running around the circumference of the package, said tape being attached to the lid as well as to the outer sides of the package. In this way a tight joint is provided between Patented Jan. 21, 1969 lCC the container and the lid, which will normally exclude the atmosphere from the interior of the package, until the seal is broken.
  • the lid will no longer close tightly against the container part, but the contents will run a risk of getting dry or being damaged in any other way due to the influence of the atmosphere. Further it happens rather often that, in such pacakges the lid is lost or that it is not, for one reason or another, remounted again on the container, a quicker drying of the contents then taking place than would otherwise be necessary.
  • the present invention has for its purpose to eliminate these disadvantages and to provide a package comprising an outer cover of cardboard or any similar stiff material with an inner package mounted therein and made of a thinner, liquid-tight and also gas-tight material, and a lid which is capable of being reclosed tightly.
  • the lid which is also made from a liquid-tight and eventually also gas-tight material, is hinged to the inner package along a straight edge thereof by means of hinges, and is arranged, in its closed position, tightly to contact part of the inner package.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross section through a lilled package according to the invention with the lid in part raised
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section through a modified form of execution of the package according to FIG. 1, also with the lid raised up somewhat.
  • the package comprises Ian outer layer, or package 10 and an inner liner or package 11, with which there is permanently combined a lid along a straight edge of said inner package.
  • the outer package .10 may be produced from any suitable material having a stillness and a rigidity, required for the purpose.
  • cardboard of a given strength and thickness is used, from which the outer package is cut in the form of one piece which is joined together into an outer cover of rectangular base surface and upwardly slightly diverging side pieces.
  • the edge line between the base and the side pieces will -comprise a number of small air slots through which air may 'be evacuated when putting down the inner package 11 into the outer package 10 or at the forming of the inner package directly within the outer package.
  • the inner package 11 should have a form which closely approaches the interior of the outer package 10 and the form should be such that the inner package is bent around the upper edges of the outer package and runs somewhat downwardly along its outer surface. Thereby, the inner package 11 will form a U-shaped flange turned upside down, 13, which receives in its U-formed part a small part of the side pieces of the outer package 10. Due to the outwardly diverging form of the package, the flange will under tension press the outer package and the inner package together against each other.
  • the lid 12 is attached to the inner package 11.
  • This outer part of the flange 13 thereby turns over ⁇ directly into the lid 12 via a substantially cylindrical part 14, below referred to as the hinge part.
  • This hinge part 14 has to be made from some elastically resilient material, such as some suitable plastics, in order to afford a greater number of opening and closing movements without being broken away from the inner package 11.
  • the lid 12 is made with a top part 15 and a flange running around this top part, said flange being numbered 16 and being adapted to contact the flange 13 of the outer partof inner package 11, when thelid is closed, and to run substantially an equal length downwardly along the exterior of the package as the flange 13 of the inner package.
  • the lid 12 was produced from the same material as, and in one piece with the inner package 11.
  • This material was a plastics suitable for so called deep drawing, which cornprises good fluid tight properties and which is elastic to such an extent that it will allow for a great number of openings and reclosings of the lid 12 without being broken away from the flange 13 of the inner package 11 at the hinge part 14.
  • the inner package 11 is directly deep drawn in the outer package by means of vacuum, acting on the outer side of the outer package 10.
  • This will give the advantage that no human hand will have to touch the interior of the inner package before its filling and closing, and therefore an extremely sterile package can be obtained, which is of great importance in packing foodstuffs, medical preparations and so on, and also the advantage will be obtained that the inner package adapts to the manifold unevennesses in the interior of the outer package and will thereby obtain a very good attachment to the outer package.
  • the lid 12 is provided with an even top part 15 and a U-formed flange turned upside down and running around said top part, said ange being arranged to contact tightly and under tension not only the outer part of the U-formed ange 13 running downwardly along the exterior of the outer package 10, but also part of the interior of the inner package 11.
  • the flange 1'7 of the lid 12 will pinch around the U-formed flange 13 of the inner package 11 and cause a fixture of the lid on the container part, which is more reliable than the one according to the earlier described form of execution, and also an improved tightness due to the greater contact surface between the lid and the inner package.
  • the package After the production of the outer package 10 and the insertion or the deep drawing, respectively, of the inner package 11 in same, the package is filled and is, before the closing of the lid 12, provided with a Iprotective foil 18 of such a magnitude, that it will cover the packed product and the upper edges of the inner package in order thereby to provide an additional protection against air entering during transportation and storing.
  • This foil may be of plastics, aluminium or the like.
  • the outer package 10 is preferably manufactured from some light protective material and the foil covering and protecting the product is made from some material, which is not transparent to light.
  • the lid 12 is pressed down so that its ange 16 or 17 will grip in with flange 13 of the inner package 11, and thereafter the package is ready to be delivered to the retailer or to the consumer.
  • the package thus produced can, due to its fluid tight structure be stored during long periods of time without its contents being destroyed, also after the initial seal has been opened.
  • a package comprising an outer layer of a relatively stiff material and a thinner inner liner mounted therein, said inner liner being of a substantially airtight and liquidtight material and including a reclosable lid for tightly closing the package; the improvement wherein the said lid, which is also of a substantially liquid-tight and airtight material, is connected to the inner liner along a substantially straight edge of the liner and forms a hinge joint therewith such that the lid, in its closed position, fits tightly against and seals the inner liner.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rigid Containers With Two Or More Constituent Elements (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Cartons (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
US634611A 1966-05-05 1967-04-28 Package with hinged lid Expired - Lifetime US3423004A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE6150/66A SE310337B (en)) 1966-05-05 1966-05-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3423004A true US3423004A (en) 1969-01-21

Family

ID=20268006

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US634611A Expired - Lifetime US3423004A (en) 1966-05-05 1967-04-28 Package with hinged lid

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3423004A (en))
CH (1) CH450271A (en))
DE (1) DE1586540B1 (en))
DK (1) DK114605B (en))
GB (1) GB1149296A (en))
SE (1) SE310337B (en))

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3758022A (en) * 1970-02-02 1973-09-11 Christenssons Maskiner Re-closing arrangement for packages of cardboard
US3834607A (en) * 1971-04-30 1974-09-10 Agfa Gevaert Nv Rigid paperboard container
US3941301A (en) * 1973-04-24 1976-03-02 Lever Brothers Company Stackable packaging container
EP0478870A1 (de) * 1990-10-01 1992-04-08 Sandherr Packungen AG Mehrschichtverpackungsbehälter
EP0492522A1 (de) * 1990-12-21 1992-07-01 Sto Aktiengesellschaft Mehrwegbehältnis
EP0513606A1 (de) * 1991-05-10 1992-11-19 Cartotecnica Poligrafica Bianchi S.P.A. Flüssigkeits- und gasdichte Verpackung, vorwiegend aus Papier oder dgl., insbesondere zum Verpacken von Nahrungsmitteln
USD332917S (en) 1991-07-11 1993-02-02 Kraft General Foods, Inc. Container
US5242696A (en) * 1991-05-14 1993-09-07 Kraft General Foods, Inc. Food package with resiliently biased lid
US5492242A (en) * 1992-07-11 1996-02-20 Gall; Karsten Container for fluids or fluid-like products
US10077137B1 (en) 2015-12-28 2018-09-18 Amazon Technologies, Inc. Combination carrying device
US10583973B1 (en) * 2014-12-26 2020-03-10 Amazon Technologies, Inc. Combination carrying device
US10696454B1 (en) 2014-12-26 2020-06-30 Amazon Technologies, Inc. Combination carrying device

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH636059A5 (de) * 1979-05-02 1983-05-13 Inauen Masch Ag Verpackung, insbesondere fuer oel- und fetthaltige produkte.
DE3425834A1 (de) * 1984-07-13 1986-01-23 A & R Wadewitz GmbH, 8560 Lauf Verpackung aus einem gefaess fuer die aufnahme von z.b. pastenfoermigen oder halbfluessigen stoffen
JPH07102868B2 (ja) * 1986-06-23 1995-11-08 憲司 中村 包装体
DE4330908B4 (de) * 1993-09-11 2005-11-10 Nittel Gmbh & Co Kg Transportbehälter
DE102010014708A1 (de) * 2010-04-12 2011-10-13 Deutscher Berufs Und Erwerbs Imker Bund E.V. Lichtdichte Verpackung für Lebensmittel
JP6101207B2 (ja) 2010-12-14 2017-03-22 アルトリア クライアント サービシーズ エルエルシー ヒンジリッド包装
US20150375428A1 (en) * 2012-10-11 2015-12-31 Douglas E. Reeves Closed-cell polyurethane structure method and system

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2120905A (en) * 1936-01-30 1938-06-14 Humoco Corp Container
US2120898A (en) * 1934-04-17 1938-06-14 Humoco Corp Paper container
US2185604A (en) * 1936-06-17 1940-01-02 Humoco Corp Container
US2350950A (en) * 1943-05-21 1944-06-06 Lee M Wiley Fibrous, covered container
US2402943A (en) * 1942-11-21 1946-07-02 Bogoslowsky Boris Container
US2903173A (en) * 1956-05-09 1959-09-08 King Container Corp Container end closure
US3150811A (en) * 1963-07-24 1964-09-29 Lily Tulip Cup Corp Container
US3344912A (en) * 1964-07-01 1967-10-03 Grace W R & Co Closures

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2280239A (en) * 1937-07-15 1942-04-21 Karl Heinrich Sanitary preserving can or container and the making of it

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2120898A (en) * 1934-04-17 1938-06-14 Humoco Corp Paper container
US2120905A (en) * 1936-01-30 1938-06-14 Humoco Corp Container
US2185604A (en) * 1936-06-17 1940-01-02 Humoco Corp Container
US2402943A (en) * 1942-11-21 1946-07-02 Bogoslowsky Boris Container
US2350950A (en) * 1943-05-21 1944-06-06 Lee M Wiley Fibrous, covered container
US2903173A (en) * 1956-05-09 1959-09-08 King Container Corp Container end closure
US3150811A (en) * 1963-07-24 1964-09-29 Lily Tulip Cup Corp Container
US3344912A (en) * 1964-07-01 1967-10-03 Grace W R & Co Closures

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3758022A (en) * 1970-02-02 1973-09-11 Christenssons Maskiner Re-closing arrangement for packages of cardboard
US3834607A (en) * 1971-04-30 1974-09-10 Agfa Gevaert Nv Rigid paperboard container
US3941301A (en) * 1973-04-24 1976-03-02 Lever Brothers Company Stackable packaging container
EP0478870A1 (de) * 1990-10-01 1992-04-08 Sandherr Packungen AG Mehrschichtverpackungsbehälter
EP0492522A1 (de) * 1990-12-21 1992-07-01 Sto Aktiengesellschaft Mehrwegbehältnis
US5236102A (en) * 1990-12-21 1993-08-17 Sto Aktiengesellschaft Re-usable container
EP0513606A1 (de) * 1991-05-10 1992-11-19 Cartotecnica Poligrafica Bianchi S.P.A. Flüssigkeits- und gasdichte Verpackung, vorwiegend aus Papier oder dgl., insbesondere zum Verpacken von Nahrungsmitteln
US5242696A (en) * 1991-05-14 1993-09-07 Kraft General Foods, Inc. Food package with resiliently biased lid
USD332917S (en) 1991-07-11 1993-02-02 Kraft General Foods, Inc. Container
US5492242A (en) * 1992-07-11 1996-02-20 Gall; Karsten Container for fluids or fluid-like products
US10583973B1 (en) * 2014-12-26 2020-03-10 Amazon Technologies, Inc. Combination carrying device
US10696454B1 (en) 2014-12-26 2020-06-30 Amazon Technologies, Inc. Combination carrying device
US10077137B1 (en) 2015-12-28 2018-09-18 Amazon Technologies, Inc. Combination carrying device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1586540B1 (de) 1972-01-20
DK114605B (da) 1969-07-14
CH450271A (de) 1968-01-15
SE310337B (en)) 1969-04-21
GB1149296A (en) 1969-04-23

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3423004A (en) Package with hinged lid
US3101870A (en) Film sealed container with pouring spout
US3784055A (en) Reclosable package
EP3851098B1 (en) Container assembly with predetermined humidity
US3127082A (en) And like cartoxing m materials
US2541173A (en) Package
RU2004100822A (ru) Имеющая форму плоской фляжки коробка для сигарет и способ упаковки сигарет
US2284604A (en) Art of packing
US3214074A (en) Container provided with cover seal and removable inner lid
US2398405A (en) End closure for paperboard containers
US3048299A (en) Re-usable plastic containers
GB1475361A (en) Wrapping consisting of a rigid outer supporting casing and an inner container of flexible material
GB1375935A (en) Containers
US3064876A (en) Ornamental wrapped box
US4280634A (en) Device for the repeated opening and closing of an aperture in a cover of a container
ES243078U (es) Un recipiente forrado previsto especialmente para contener articulos comprimidos y-o puestos bajo vacio.
US2759656A (en) Closure for metallic foil containers
US2248578A (en) Container
US3051367A (en) Container
SE543099C2 (en) Flexible membrane with valve
EP3436371A1 (en) Container with resealable inner package
AU550437B2 (en) Opening arrangement for beverage pack
US3254811A (en) Synthetic resin container with metallic foil liner
US3955743A (en) Packaging container
US2671596A (en) Container with flat top and integral overcap