US3413723A - Noble metal alloy adapted to receive porcelain cladding, artificial dental constructions and method of preparing the same - Google Patents

Noble metal alloy adapted to receive porcelain cladding, artificial dental constructions and method of preparing the same Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3413723A
US3413723A US254977A US25497763A US3413723A US 3413723 A US3413723 A US 3413723A US 254977 A US254977 A US 254977A US 25497763 A US25497763 A US 25497763A US 3413723 A US3413723 A US 3413723A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
enamel
alloys
dental
porcelain
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US254977A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Wagner Ewald
Pralow Walter Ernst Ludwig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vita Zahnfabrik H Rauter GmbH and Co KG
Evonik Operations GmbH
Original Assignee
Degussa GmbH
Vita Zahnfabrik H Rauter GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Degussa GmbH, Vita Zahnfabrik H Rauter GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Degussa GmbH
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3413723A publication Critical patent/US3413723A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/0003—Making bridge-work, inlays, implants or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/08—Artificial teeth; Making same
    • A61C13/083—Porcelain or ceramic teeth
    • A61C13/0835—Ceramic coating on metallic body
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
    • A61K6/80—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth
    • A61K6/84—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth comprising metals or alloys
    • A61K6/844—Noble metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
    • C22C5/02—Alloys based on gold

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to novel noble metal alloys which are especially adapted to have porcelain fired on the surfaces thereof for dental purposes and to artificial ceramic dental constructions of a novel composition especially of the ceramic layer and adaption of this ceramic layer to the metal substrate. Further the invention relates to a ceramic covering directly fired on a metal alloy substrate.
  • noble metal dental alloys which are based on gold, silver and copper or palladium, silver and copper and often also contain additions of platinum metals, do not meet the requirements which must be met by an alloy upon which ceramic masses are to be fired, namely, that the solidus point of such alloys must be over the temperature required for firing the ceramic masses thereon and furthermore no oxides can be formed, while the ceramic masses are fired thereon, which react with the ceramic masses and discolor them.
  • the formation of bonding oxides to a moderate degree is desired for effecting a bond between the ceramic masses and the alloy.
  • the alloy furthermore must possess a sufficiently high strength as even very slight elastic or plastic changes in shape can lead to spalling off of the ceramic masses because of the differences in the mechanical and physical properties of the alloys and the ceramics.
  • the alloys have as yellow a color tone as possible so that they do not contrast too greatly with the dental work in the less visible portions of the month which is in its entirety produced from gold alloys.
  • Alloys have also become known which in addition to the constituents indicated above also contain up to 5% of silver and small quantities of up to about 1% of indium and/or tin. These alloys despite some favorable properties still possess appreciable disadvantages.
  • the coarse grained dental castings during firing on of the ceramic masses usually tend to a further coarsening of grain structure by recrystallization. As a consequence, the strength thereof is reduced and the inhomogeneity of the individual crystals usually linked with the coarse grained structure can lead to discolorations in the mouth.
  • rhenium a small addition of rhenium to alloys essentially consisting of gold, platinum, indium and tin and, if desired, can also contain small quantities of palladium, silver, iridium, copper and/or zinc will cause a considerable improvement in the properties of such alloys which evidently essentially depends upon a very thorough grain refinement. It was also found that the bond of ceramic masses to such alloys is noticeably improved by the addition of the rhenium.
  • the alloys concerned essentially consist of 80-90%0f gold, 515% of platinum, 0.1-2% of indium, 0.1-2% of tin and ODS-1% of rhenium. Rheniurn contents of 0.1 to 0.5% are especially advantageous.
  • the alloys can also contain up to 5% of palladium, up to 5% of silver, up to 1% of copper, up to 0.5% of zinc and/or 0.05 to .5% of iridium. Especially good results are obtained with alloys containing 0.5 to 5% of palladium.
  • a further considerable advantage of the alloys according to the invention as already indicated above resides in the better bonds obtained to porcelain masses fired thereon.
  • platelets of the various alloys measuring about 10 x 6 x 4 mm. were provided on one side with a porcelain coating fused on at 950-1000 C.
  • the samples were then embedded in a synthetic resin so that the porcelain clad side was directed upwardly and such porcelain clad side then subjected to the action of a 50 g. falling hammer which was allowed to drop upon the porcelain surface from varying heights.
  • the height from which the falling hammer was dropped was increased by 10 cm. measurements until a height of 60 cm. was reached and then the hammer was repeatedly dropped from such height until the porcelain coating splintered off.
  • alloys of compositions A and B concerned in Table l were again employed as Well as a further pair of alloys C and D of the following compositions were employed:
  • the porcelain coverings which can be fused on the alloys according to the invention are of compositions usually employed for these purposes.
  • Preferred porcelain coverings fused on alloys result in artificial ceramic dental constructions, as specified hereunder. These constructions are particularly suited for the replacement of missing teeth or for capping existing teeth which may be damaged.
  • the novel tooth structures are distinguished by the fact that, on the one hand, they can be prepared by novel working methods in a facilitated manner and are especially adapted for individual preparation by the dentist in the laboratory and, on the other hand, they exhibit novel and improved optical and physical characteristics due to a novel composition especially of the ceramic layer and adaptation of this ceramic layer to the metal substrate.
  • dental poreclains particularly with respect to their physical and optical characteristics, are numerous and exacting. Among the factors of importance are, for example, coverage of the color range of the natural teeth, suflicient translucency, compatibility with the tissues, insolubility, mechanical strength, bond strength of individual structural parts of the artificial tooth to one another, suitable fusion intervals, satisfactory performance of the porcelain, e.g. with respect to its mineralogical structure and its coeflicient of expansion during fusion to the metal, etc.
  • the coefficient of expansion of the dental composition must be adapted to that of the metal.
  • the enamel should have a somewhat lower coeflicient of expansion than the metal because the resistance to pressure of all silicates, as is known, must be substantially higher than the tensile strength and, therefore, the outer ceramic layer of the artificial tooth must always be under compressive stress.
  • the artificial tooth structures known up to the present and prepared by the techniques described above invariably exhibit unsatisfactory optical-cosmetic characteristics.
  • the art was not successful so far in imitating the esthetic effect of the natural tooth in the tooth structures of the type described in a manner such that an actually unobstrusive use of these artificial tooth structures, particularly in the visible part of the set of teeth would have been possible.
  • a substantial reason for this resides in the following fact: When using a metal substrate in the artificial tooth, it is necessary to remove the optical effect of this metal which shows through with a gray-golden shade by means of an inner opaque covering layer.
  • multi-layer artificial tooth structures can be prepared advantageously when using specific components in the enamel layers forming the covering of the artificial tooth while observing specific relative proportions by weight of the individual components.
  • the invention relates to artificial tooth structures which comprise at least two ceramic enamel layers fired onto the metal substrate, viz.
  • the accompanying drawing shows a cross-section of a dental crown embodying the subject matter of the present invention.
  • the dental alloy substrate 1 supports the opaque and translucent porcelain enamel coatings 2 and 3 which have been fired thereon.
  • one embodiment of the invention relates to multi-layer artificial tooth structures of any kind as replacement of missing teeth or for capping existing teeth, said structures comprising a metal substrate onto which at least two enamel layers are fired and characterized in that the metal substrate is coated with an opaque enamel base layer which is preferably thin and has a composition within the following ranges (based on the weight of the opaque base layer):
  • Opaque base enamel Percent SiO 53.64 A1 0 18.18 F6203 TiO 2.18 CaO 1.32 K 0 9.35 Na O 6.35 F 0.25 ZrO 1.36 SnO 4.76 B 0 1.34
  • the translucent dentine enamel layer which, if desired, may be pigmented in conventional manner and also the translucent enamel layer imitating natural tooth enamel with a comparatively greater thickness than that of the opaque base enamel layer. This efficiently aids the improved esthetic-optical effect due to the novel and specific enamel compositions.
  • Alloys which are particularly suitable as substrate for the purposes of the invention chiefly include gold, platinum and palladium base alloys.
  • base metal alloys known for use in dentistry may also be employed. All of these alloys are readily available and can be easily hardened under control. They are free from corrosion phenomena and mild to the tissue of the oral cavity. Their melting points range substantially lower than those of the previously used platinum-iridium alloys. This results in considerable improvement of the precision of the casting.
  • metal substrate for the purposes of the invention are specific alloys containing rhenium as described before.
  • the enamel layers of the invention, particularly the composition, referred to as particularly preferred, of the opaque mass and of the associated transparent covering mass, have been found to have an outstanding bond strength to these metal alloys so that artificial tooth structures of excellent resistance to mechanical stress are obtained.
  • the specific composition of the enamel masses is critical for the novel effect in physical and especially also in optical-esthetic respect.
  • a very essential feature of these masses are the relative proportions of the alkali metal oxides present. It has been found surprisingly that, in contrast to statements in literature dealing with the prior art, just a relatively high content of sodium is critical for the novel elfects described. Accordingly, the enamels of the invention are characterized by relatively high contents of Na O. As was found surprisin-gly, corresponding glasses which contain very much less sodium and instead much more potassium as compared with sodium do not result in products having a comparable natural appearance. This fact could not be predicted.
  • the invention does not only comprise the finished tooth structures but also the preparation of both the opaque mass and the transparent mass. Improved technical results are in fact not only obtained with the combination as described above. Advantages are also obtained if, for example, the opaque mass is used as such in dentistry even if other combination elements are simultaneously used in preparing artificial tooth structures.
  • Preparation and processing of the raw enamel masses to the finished artificial tooth may be effected by techniques conventional in ceramic dentistry.
  • conventional opacifiers and coloring pigments known to persons in the art may be added.
  • Processing of the starting masses, e.g. for quantity preparation of artificial teeth may be effected by methods usual in dental industry.
  • the invention also comprises a novel working method which is particularly suitable for dentists operating on a small scale on an individual basis. It has been found that it is possible with the components of the invention described above to prepare individually shaped dental constructions without the necessity of special technical equipment. Thus, the enamel can be applied manually to individually shaped metal substrates adapted to the requirements and firing onto the metal can be effected with or without the use of reduced pressure. This possibility of preparing on a small scale individually shaped ceramic dental constructions which are outstanding in physical and optical respect opens a new and important field in dentistry.
  • Dental alloy adapted to have porcelain coverings fired thereon consisting essentially of 80 to 90% of gold, 5 to 15% of platinum, 0.1 to 2% of indium, 0.1 to 2% of tin and 0.05 to 1% of rhenium.
  • Dental alloy adapted to have porcelain coverings fired thereon consisting essentially of 80 to 90% of gold, 5 to 15% of platinum, 0.1 to 2% of indium, 0.1 to 2% of tin and 0.1 to 0.5% of rheniurn.
  • Dental alloy adapted to have porcelain coverings fired thereon consisting essentially of 80 to 90% of gold, 5 to 15% of platinum, 0.1 to 2% of indium, 0.1 to 2% of tin, to of palladium, 0 to 5% of silver, 0 to 1% of copper, 0 to 0.5% of iridium, 0 to 0.5% of zinc and 0.05 to 1% of rhenium.
  • Dental alloy adapted to have porcelain coverings fired thereon consisting essentially of 80 to 90% of gold, 5 to of platinum, 0.1 to 2% of indium, 0.1 to 2% of tin, 0.5 to 5% of palladium and 0.05 to 1% of rhenium.
  • a multi-layer artificial dental construction comprising a metal substrate and an enamel facing fired on and directly bonded to said metal substrate comprising a first opaque enamel base layer essentially consisting of the following composition:
  • Multi-layer artificial dental construction according to claim 5 in which said transparent covering enamel layer is subdivided into a conventionally pigmented dentine layer and a non-pigmented enamel layer, said non-pigmented enamel layer being especially present in the cutting edges of the tooth.
  • Multi-layer artificial dental construction according to claim 5 in which said transparent covering enamel layer is applied with a comparatively greater thickness than that of the opaque enamel base layer, the thickness of said transparent covering enamel layer being such as to obtain improved optical-cosmetic effects in the artificial tooth.
  • Multi-layer artificial dental construction according to claim 5 in which said metal substrate is composed of alloys mainly based on gold, platinum and palladium.
  • Multi-layer artificial dental construction according to claim 5 in which said metal substrate is an alloy consisting of to of gold, 5 to 15 of platinum, 0.1 to 2% of indium, 0.1 to 2% of tin and 0.05 to 1% of rhenium.
  • An opaque enamel for use in multi-layer artificial dental constructions having a metal substrate and an enamel facing fired onto said metal substrate consisting essentially of the following composition:
  • An opaque enamel for use in multi-layer artificial dental constructions having a metal substrate and an enamel facing fired onto said metal substrate consisting essentially of the following composition:
  • a transparent enamel for use in multi-layer artificial dental constructions having a metal substrate and an enamel facing fired onto said metal substrate consisting essentially of the following composition:

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Dental Preparations (AREA)
US254977A 1962-01-30 1963-01-30 Noble metal alloy adapted to receive porcelain cladding, artificial dental constructions and method of preparing the same Expired - Lifetime US3413723A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DED38024A DE1183247B (de) 1962-01-30 1962-01-30 Goldlegierung zum Aufbrennen von Porzellan fuer zahnaerztliche Zwecke

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3413723A true US3413723A (en) 1968-12-03

Family

ID=7043895

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US254977A Expired - Lifetime US3413723A (en) 1962-01-30 1963-01-30 Noble metal alloy adapted to receive porcelain cladding, artificial dental constructions and method of preparing the same

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3413723A (en, 2012)
BE (1) BE627731A (en, 2012)
CH (1) CH437819A (en, 2012)
DE (1) DE1183247B (en, 2012)
GB (1) GB957493A (en, 2012)
NL (1) NL288093A (en, 2012)

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3716356A (en) * 1970-09-23 1973-02-13 Ney Co J M Rhenium containing gold alloys
US3900951A (en) * 1974-06-27 1975-08-26 David M Bentman Porcelain covered dental bridge, crown and the like
US3934348A (en) * 1975-01-02 1976-01-27 Bora Janjic Method of forming a porcelain crown
USB483256I5 (en, 2012) * 1973-06-15 1976-02-10
US4010048A (en) * 1974-12-24 1977-03-01 Howmedica, Inc. Bonding agent for fusing porcelain to nonprecious metal alloy
US4021915A (en) * 1974-08-13 1977-05-10 Harry Ernest Rubens Permanent coloring coat for natural teeth
US4062676A (en) * 1976-07-06 1977-12-13 Deutsche Gold- Und Silber-Scheideanstalt Vormals Roessler Gold alloy for firing on porcelain for dental purposes
US4132830A (en) * 1977-02-02 1979-01-02 Unitek Corporation Noble-metal dental alloy and dental method
US4194907A (en) * 1978-10-20 1980-03-25 Unitek Corporation Gold alloys for fusion to porcelain
US4218244A (en) * 1977-11-18 1980-08-19 Deutsche Gold- Und Silber-Scheideanstalt Vormals Roessler Gold alloy for firing on porcelain for dental purposes
US4459263A (en) * 1982-09-08 1984-07-10 Jeneric Industries, Inc. Cobalt-chromium dental alloys containing ruthenium and aluminum
US4530664A (en) * 1980-09-29 1985-07-23 Jeneric Industries, Inc. Cobalt-chromium alloys
EP0115058A3 (en) * 1982-12-28 1985-10-16 Espe Fabrik Pharmazeutischer Praparate Gmbh Dental powder material, process for its preparation and its use
JPH02190429A (ja) * 1989-01-06 1990-07-26 Asami Tanaka 金属・セラミックス歯科修復材用金属箔
US4997723A (en) * 1987-05-13 1991-03-05 Tanaka Dental Enterprises Metal-porcelain dental restorations, dental veneers, dental bridges and metal foil for use therein and methods for making dental appliances
US5186626A (en) * 1987-05-13 1993-02-16 Asami Tanaka Dental Enterprises Metal-porcelain dental bridges
US5217685A (en) * 1991-10-03 1993-06-08 The Wilkinson Company Abutment base alloy for jawbone mounted dental implants
DE4233133C1 (de) * 1992-10-02 1994-03-24 Wieland Edelmetalle Verwendung palladiumfreier, hochgoldhaltiger Dentallegierungen
US6073648A (en) * 1999-04-26 2000-06-13 Watson Grinding And Manufacturing Company Metal element having a laminated coating
CN114214538A (zh) * 2021-11-12 2022-03-22 中国科学院金属研究所 一种空间引力波探测惯性传感器用金铂合金检验质量材料及其制备方法
US11872105B1 (en) 2022-12-01 2024-01-16 Robert Parker Dental implant device for regeneration of dental pulp and dentin
US11931224B1 (en) 2022-12-19 2024-03-19 Robert Parker Tooth pod

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1533233B1 (de) * 1966-11-24 1970-04-02 Degussa Goldlegierung zum Aufbrennen von Porzellan fuer zahnaerztliche Zwecke
EP0016315B1 (de) * 1979-03-08 1983-03-09 Etablissement Dentaire IVOCLAR Mittel und Verfahren zum Verbinden von Dentalmetallteilen mit Dentalporzellan bzw. mit anderen Dentalmetallteilen
CN114948304B (zh) * 2022-06-08 2024-09-24 中航迈特粉冶科技（北京）有限公司 一种烤瓷金属的制备工艺、烤瓷金属以及烤瓷牙

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1415233A (en) * 1916-11-06 1922-05-09 Rhotanium Company Composition of matter for platinum substitute in chemical apparatus and other uses and method of making same
US2000285A (en) * 1932-03-19 1935-05-07 American Porcelain Company Method of making dental porcelain
US2304416A (en) * 1939-08-25 1942-12-08 Chemical Marketing Company Inc Dental alloy
US2937099A (en) * 1958-04-28 1960-05-17 Olin Mathieson Dental preparation
US2980998A (en) * 1957-02-04 1961-04-25 Ney Co J M Dental prosthesis and method of manufacture
DE1106966B (de) * 1955-02-12 1961-05-18 Degussa Verwendung von Platin-Gold-Legierungen fuer Spinnduesen, insbesondere fuer das Viskoseverfahren
US3052982A (en) * 1959-10-15 1962-09-11 Lenore K Weinstein Fused porcelain-to-metal teeth
US3052983A (en) * 1954-07-16 1962-09-11 Permadent Mfg Corp Porcelain covered metal-reinforced teeth

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1075838B (de) * 1960-02-18 Deutsche Gold und Silber Scheide anstalt vormals Roessler Frankfurt/M Verwendung von Gold Platin Legie rungen zur Herstellung \ on Spinndüsen
DE870038C (de) * 1951-06-19 1953-03-09 Degussa Gold-Platin-Legierungen, insbesondere fuer die Herstellung von Spinnduesen

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1415233A (en) * 1916-11-06 1922-05-09 Rhotanium Company Composition of matter for platinum substitute in chemical apparatus and other uses and method of making same
US2000285A (en) * 1932-03-19 1935-05-07 American Porcelain Company Method of making dental porcelain
US2304416A (en) * 1939-08-25 1942-12-08 Chemical Marketing Company Inc Dental alloy
US3052983A (en) * 1954-07-16 1962-09-11 Permadent Mfg Corp Porcelain covered metal-reinforced teeth
DE1106966B (de) * 1955-02-12 1961-05-18 Degussa Verwendung von Platin-Gold-Legierungen fuer Spinnduesen, insbesondere fuer das Viskoseverfahren
US2980998A (en) * 1957-02-04 1961-04-25 Ney Co J M Dental prosthesis and method of manufacture
US2937099A (en) * 1958-04-28 1960-05-17 Olin Mathieson Dental preparation
US3052982A (en) * 1959-10-15 1962-09-11 Lenore K Weinstein Fused porcelain-to-metal teeth

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3716356A (en) * 1970-09-23 1973-02-13 Ney Co J M Rhenium containing gold alloys
USB483256I5 (en, 2012) * 1973-06-15 1976-02-10
US3981723A (en) * 1973-06-15 1976-09-21 Pennwalt Corporation White gold alloy
US3900951A (en) * 1974-06-27 1975-08-26 David M Bentman Porcelain covered dental bridge, crown and the like
US4021915A (en) * 1974-08-13 1977-05-10 Harry Ernest Rubens Permanent coloring coat for natural teeth
US4010048A (en) * 1974-12-24 1977-03-01 Howmedica, Inc. Bonding agent for fusing porcelain to nonprecious metal alloy
US3934348A (en) * 1975-01-02 1976-01-27 Bora Janjic Method of forming a porcelain crown
US4062676A (en) * 1976-07-06 1977-12-13 Deutsche Gold- Und Silber-Scheideanstalt Vormals Roessler Gold alloy for firing on porcelain for dental purposes
US4132830A (en) * 1977-02-02 1979-01-02 Unitek Corporation Noble-metal dental alloy and dental method
US4218244A (en) * 1977-11-18 1980-08-19 Deutsche Gold- Und Silber-Scheideanstalt Vormals Roessler Gold alloy for firing on porcelain for dental purposes
US4194907A (en) * 1978-10-20 1980-03-25 Unitek Corporation Gold alloys for fusion to porcelain
DE2942373C2 (de) 1978-10-20 1987-02-19 Bristol-Myers Co., New York, N.Y. Gießfähige Dentallegierung und ihre Verwendung
US4530664A (en) * 1980-09-29 1985-07-23 Jeneric Industries, Inc. Cobalt-chromium alloys
US4459263A (en) * 1982-09-08 1984-07-10 Jeneric Industries, Inc. Cobalt-chromium dental alloys containing ruthenium and aluminum
EP0115058A3 (en) * 1982-12-28 1985-10-16 Espe Fabrik Pharmazeutischer Praparate Gmbh Dental powder material, process for its preparation and its use
US4997723A (en) * 1987-05-13 1991-03-05 Tanaka Dental Enterprises Metal-porcelain dental restorations, dental veneers, dental bridges and metal foil for use therein and methods for making dental appliances
US5186626A (en) * 1987-05-13 1993-02-16 Asami Tanaka Dental Enterprises Metal-porcelain dental bridges
JPH02190429A (ja) * 1989-01-06 1990-07-26 Asami Tanaka 金属・セラミックス歯科修復材用金属箔
JP2874881B2 (ja) 1989-01-06 1999-03-24 朝見 田中 金属・セラミックス歯科修復材用金属箔
US5217685A (en) * 1991-10-03 1993-06-08 The Wilkinson Company Abutment base alloy for jawbone mounted dental implants
DE4233133C1 (de) * 1992-10-02 1994-03-24 Wieland Edelmetalle Verwendung palladiumfreier, hochgoldhaltiger Dentallegierungen
US6073648A (en) * 1999-04-26 2000-06-13 Watson Grinding And Manufacturing Company Metal element having a laminated coating
CN114214538A (zh) * 2021-11-12 2022-03-22 中国科学院金属研究所 一种空间引力波探测惯性传感器用金铂合金检验质量材料及其制备方法
US11872105B1 (en) 2022-12-01 2024-01-16 Robert Parker Dental implant device for regeneration of dental pulp and dentin
US11931224B1 (en) 2022-12-19 2024-03-19 Robert Parker Tooth pod

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL288093A (en, 2012)
CH437819A (de) 1967-06-15
DE1183247B (de) 1964-12-10
GB957493A (en) 1964-05-06
BE627731A (en, 2012)

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3413723A (en) Noble metal alloy adapted to receive porcelain cladding, artificial dental constructions and method of preparing the same
McLean The Science and Art of Dental Ceramics-Volume I: The Nature of Dental Ceramics and their Clinical Use
US5252066A (en) Orthodontic bracket formed from porcelain fused to metallic material
US2980998A (en) Dental prosthesis and method of manufacture
AU699101B2 (en) Alkali-zinc-silicate glass-ceramics and glasses
US3052982A (en) Fused porcelain-to-metal teeth
McLaren et al. Ceramics in dentistry—part I: classes of materials
US3052983A (en) Porcelain covered metal-reinforced teeth
CA2725854C (en) Integrated porcelain system for a dental prosthesis
JP3520925B2 (ja) 歯の補綴物の製造方法および歯科用陶材
US4194907A (en) Gold alloys for fusion to porcelain
US4604059A (en) Dental compositions, fired dental porcelains and processes for making and using same
US6428614B1 (en) Dental porcelains
US4179286A (en) Silver free, low gold-noble metal alloys for firing of dental porcelain
US4261744A (en) Palladium-based dental alloy containing indium and tin
US4132830A (en) Noble-metal dental alloy and dental method
CA1251305A (en) Transparent ceramic surface layer for a ceramo- metallic dental reconstruction
US5173114A (en) Basal ceramic layer - reconstruction
EP0046471A2 (en) Dental alloy and prosthesis
US4129944A (en) Dental constructions and dental alloys
Mclean et al. A new metal-ceramic crown
Fairhurst Dental ceramics: The state of the science
CA1098342A (en) Noble-metal dental alloy with improved gold color
US6761760B2 (en) Dental porcelains
US4336290A (en) Palladium alloys for fusion to porcelain