Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
  • A61K8/22—Peroxides; Oxygen; Ozone
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
  • A61K8/23—Sulfur; Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
  • A61Q5/06—Preparations for styling the hair, e.g. by temporary shaping or colouring
  • A61Q5/065—Preparations for temporary colouring the hair, e.g. direct dyes
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
  • A61Q5/10—Preparations for permanently dyeing the hair
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
  • D06M11/07—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof
  • D06M11/30—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof with oxides of halogens, oxyacids of halogens or their salts, e.g. with perchlorates
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
  • A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
  • A61K2800/42—Colour properties
  • A61K2800/43—Pigments; Dyes
  • A61K2800/432—Direct dyes
  • A61K2800/4322—Direct dyes in preparations for temporarily coloring the hair further containing an oxidizing agent
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S8/00—Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
  • Y10S8/916—Natural fiber dyeing
  • Y10S8/917—Wool or silk

Definitions

• This invention relates to the treatment of animal hair and materials consisting of or containing animal hair, more especially wool, in such forms as loose fibres, carded sliver, combed tops, yarns and woven and knitted fabrics.
• An object of the invention is to provide an improved process for the treatment of animal hair and materials consisting of or containing animal hair to reduce the felting tendency thereof.
• the present invention provides a process for reducing the tendency of animal hair and materials consisting of or containing normal animal hair to felt which comprises applying thereto an aqueous solution of permonosulphuric acid or a salt or a salt thereof having a pH value of less than 8 in aqueous solution and as the next essential step, treating the product with an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide.
• the treatment with permonosulphuric acid or a salt thereof may be carried out at any tempeature ranging from about room temperature to 100 C., but is preferably carried out at a temperature not exceeding 70 C.
• permonosulphuric acid and its salts are used in dilute aqueous solution. The concentration of the solution and the conditions of application should avoid substantial degradation of the wool.
• the goods may, if desired, be washed with water or with water containing an alkali prior to treatment with the hydrogen peroxide solution.
• any necessary chemicals for adjusting the pH value to the desired value may be already present in the hydrogen peroxide solution or may be introduced thereinto during the early stages of ice the treatment.
• the treated goods are, when introduced, acid in reaction and will at least tend to acidify the hydrogen peroxide bath unless steps are taken to check this by the introduction of an acid acceptor such as an alkali metal carbonate or bicarbonate or the use of an alkali metal phosphate or similar butter.
• the aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is preferably a dilute solution and may, for example, be a 0.5 to 10 volume solution. Stronger solutions, for example, a 15 volume solution, may, however, be used especially when it is desired to carry out the treatment as rapidly as possible.
• the hydrogen peroxide may have been generated in situ from an oxide or peroxide which in aqueous or aqueous acid solution gives rise to hydrogen peroxide provided that the ions concomitantly introduced into the solution are colourless or, if coloured, are readily washed from the treated goods or readily converted into stable colourless ions.
• a solution of hydrogen peroxide suitable for use in the process may be produced by dissolving an alkali metal peroxide such as sodium peroxide in a dilute aqueous mineral acid.
• the most suitable temperatures for the hydrogen peroxide treatment are room temperature to about 60 C.
• the solutions employed are preferably neutral or mildly alkaline solutions: thus solutions having pH values in the range 6.5 to 10.5 may be used, the preferred pH values being 8.0 to 9.0.
• Suitable adjuvants such as surface active agents which assist in securing uniform penetration and wetting of the goods are preferably present in the bath containing permonosulphuric acid or a salt thereof.
• the goods are preferably rinsed to remove any excess hydrogen peroxide therefrom.
• wool and other kinds of animal hair which have first been treated with a solution of permonosulphuric acid or a salt or salts thereof and then with an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide acquire a reactivity towards reactive dyestuffs which the untreated materials do not possess.
• This reactivity is of an exceptionally uniform character and the thus treated materials when subsequently treated with reactive dyestuffs under alkaline conditions give exceptionally uniform dyeings and printings.
• the results thus obtainable are much more uniform than those obtainable when chlorinated wool has been dyed with reactive dyestuffs: the latter dyeings are skittery.
• the dyestuffs can be applied at or somewhat above room temperature. Only a short treatment is necessary.
• shrink resistance may first be imparted to the wool or hair and the dyeing or printing then carried out as a sequential operation. It appears that the successive treatment with permonosulphuric acid or a salt thereof and then with hydrogen peroxide modifies the chemical structure of the wool or other animal hair in such a way that a substantially uniform distribution of readily reactive hydrogen atoms is introduced thereinto; these hydrogen atoms are then available for reaction with the reactive dyestuffs.
• the treatments must, however, be given in the order set forth in order to secure both shrink resistance and ready coloration with reactive dyestuffs.
• the process of the invention may be used for imparting shrink resistance and then dyeing or printing piece goods comprising or consisting of wool or other normal animal hairs, for example, cashmere goods.
• the process of the invention may also be used for the coloration of human hair whether on the human head or otherwise.
• the dyestutf and acid acceptor may be applied to wool and other kinds of animal hair by immersion in a dyebath containing the dyestuif and acid acceptor in solution, which dyebath may also contain any conventional textile auxiliaries such as wetting and levelling agents suitable for use with reactive dyestuffs.
• the dyestuff and acid acceptor may also be applied by a padding technique or may be applied to selected areas only of the hair fibrecontaining textile material by a printing technique.
• the printing compositions may include thickeners which are substantially inert towards the reactive dyestuffs.
• the reactive dyestuffs which may be used. are those which contain at least one water-solubilising group in the dyestutf molecule as well as a group which is capable of forming a covalent link by interaction with an active site in the wool molecule or of forming in situ a group which will react in this way.
• the active sites in the wool molecule which have been subject to treatment in the manner described are accepted as being amino, hydroxyl and sulphydryl groups: these groups are not readily available for reaction in untreated wool. Whatever the nature of the groups introduced into or made available by the treatment it has been experimentally established that they behave in a manner analogous to amino, hydroxyl and sulphydryl groups.
• the water-solubilising group present in the dyestutf molecule may be a carboxylic acid or sulphonic acid group or a salt of such group with an alkali metal, animonia or an amine.
• One or more such groups may be present in the dyestuif molecule.
• the group which is capable of forming a covalent link may be a group containing a reactive halogen atom such as that present in a monoor di-chloro-sym-triazinyl, a trichloropyrimidyl, a beta-halogenpropionyl, a beta-halogenoethylsulphonyl, a beta-halogenoethylsulphamyl, a chloroacetylamino or a beta-(chloromethyl)-beta-sulphatoethylsulphamyl group; a reactive sulphate group such as that present in a -beta-sulphatoethylsulphonyl group; a reactive hydroxyl or esterified hydroxyl group such as that present in a beta-hydroxyethylsulphonyl, a beta-alkylsulphonyloxyalkylsulphonyl, a beta-arylsulphony
• the dyestuffs used may belong to such classes as the nitro, azo, anthraquinone or phthalocyanine series and may be free from metal or contain metal complexed therein.
• An account of the commercially available kinds of reactive dyestuffs will be found in the Journal of the Institut Textile de France, September 1960, at pages 43 et seq.
• the wool or other hair-containing goods has applied thereto a solution of or a paste comprising a water-soluble reactive dyestulf and a substance which acts as an acid acceptor.
• a water-soluble reactive dyestuff which may be used to produce dyeings of high wet fastness upon cellulosic materials in the presence of an acid acceptor may be used in the process of the present invention.
• the acid acceptor employed may be any of those which may be used as alkaline substances in the coloration of cellulosic materials with water-soluble reactive dyestuffs. These include soda ash, sodium and potassium carbonates, bicarbonates and silicates and trisodium and tripotassium phosphates.
• the dyebaths and printing pastes levelling agents and organic solvents in which the dyestuffs are readily soluble and which assist the uptake but with which the dyestuffs do not preferentially react under the conditions of use, and which are at least moderately soluble in water.
• Some of the reactive dyestuffs will react with wool at substantially room temperatures: these are those containing a dihalo-sym-triazinyl group or a beta-sulphatoethylsulphonyl group.
• the remainder including those containing monohalo sym triazinyl and trichloro pyrirnidyl groups, are preferably applied at temperatures higher than room temperature but not exceeding 60 C.
• These dyestuffs containing a dichloro-sym-triazinyl group have been found to require a much shorter period for fixation with chemically modified wool than any other available type. In the case of dyeings with those dyestuffs which require temperatures substantially above room temperature for fixation it has been found that the addition of watersoluble electrolytes such as sodium chloride and sodium sulphate will assist fixation.
• the present invention enables level dyeings to be obtained in a cold dyeing process (2030 C.) in a short time: these dyeings are much more level than those obtained when a reactive dyestutf is applied to chlorinated wool. Due no doubt to the bleaching action of the hydrogen peroxide bright fast pastel shades may be readily obtained: such shades are almost unobtainable on chlorinated wool. Dyeings and prints obtained by this process are of excellent fastness to washing.
• Example 1 parts by weight of wool was treated in a hath made up from 3000 parts of water and 2 parts of permonosulphuric acid at 25 C. for 30 minutes. The thus treated wool was then entered into a fresh bath of 3-volume aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution, the pH value of which had been adjusted to 8.5 with sodium pyrophosphate. The wool was held in this bath for one hour at 50 C., rinsed and dried. This wool had good resistance to shrinkage when washed in aqueous washing liquors.
• Example 4 Thirty parts by weight of a woolen fabric was treated in a bath of permonosulphuric acid similar to that used in Example 2. The fabric was rinsed and then immersed in 3-volume aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution at pH 8.5 for 3 hours at 50 C. The thus treated fabric was then dyed in the following dyebath:
• Example 5 Thirty parts by weight of flannel was subjected to the treatments with permonosulphuric acid and hydrogen peroxide described in Example 4 except that the duration of the hydrogen peroxide treatment was 15 hours. The thus treated fabric was then dyed in the following dyebath:
• the thus treated fabric was kept for one hour at room temperature, then rinsed and dried. Dyeings of good depth and satisfactory fastness to washing were obtained.
• the severity of the washing action may be judged by the high shrinkage on the untreated flannel.
• a process for reducing the tendency to felt of animal hair and materials comprising the same which comprises (a) first treating said animal hair with an aqueous solution of a permonosulphuric compound selected from the group consisting of permonosulphuric acid and watersoluble salts thereof, said aqueous solution having a pH value of less than 8 and (b) as the next essential step, treating said hair with a dilute aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide having a pH value within the range of 6.5 to 10.5.
• a process for reducing the tendency to felt of animal hair and materials comprising the same which comprises (a) first treating said animal hair at a temperature within the range of room temperature to 70 C. with an aqueous solution of a permonosulphuric compounds selected from the group consisting of permonosulphuric acid and water-soluble salts thereof, said aqueous solution having a pH value Within the range of 0.1 and 8.0 and (b) as the next essential step, treating said hair with a dilute aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide having a pH value within the range of 6.5 to 10.5 and a temperature within the range of room temperature to 60 C.
• a process for the production of coloured shrinkresistant animal hair and materials comprising the same which comprises (a) first treating said animail hair at a temperature within the range of room temperature to 70 C. with an aqueous solution of a permonosulphuric compound selected from the group consisting of permonosulphuric acid and water-soluble salts thereof, said aqueous solution having a pH value within the range of 0.1 and 8.0, (b) as the next essential step, treating said hair with a dilute aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide having a pH value within the range of 6.5 to 10.5 and a temperature within the range of room temperature to 60 C.
• compositions comprising water, a water-soluble form of a reactive dyestuif and an acid acceptor, said composition being maintained at a temperature within the range of room temperature to 60 C. during contact with said hair.
• Animal hair having a reduced tendency to felt which has been produced by (a) treating animal hair with an aqueous solution of a permonosulphuric compound selected from the group consisting of permonosulphuric acid and water-soluble salts thereof, said aqueous solution having a pH value of less than 8, and (b) as the next essential step, treating said hair with a dilute aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide having a pH value within the range of 6.5 to 10.5.
• Animal hair having a reduced tendency to felt which has been produced by (a) treating animal hair at a temperature within the range of room temperature to 70 C. with an aqueous solution of a permonosulphuric compound selected from the group consisting of permonosulphuric acid and water-soluble salts thereof, said aqueous solution having a pH value within the range of 0.1 to 8.0 and (b) as the next essential step, treating said hair with a dilute aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide having a pH value within the range of 6.5 to 10.5 at a temperature within the range of room temperature to 60 C.
• a permonosulphuric compound selected from the group consisting of permonosulphuric acid and water-soluble salts thereof
• Wool having a reduced tendency to felt which has been produced by (a) treating wool at a temperature within the range of room temperature to 70 C. with an aqueous solution of a permonosulphuric compound selected from the group consisting of permonosulphuric acid and water soluble salts thereof, said aqueous solution having a pH value within the range of 0.1 to 8.0 and (b) as the next essential step, treating said wool with a dilute aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide having a pH value within the range of 6.5 to 10.5 at a temperature within the range of room temperature to 60 C.
• Coloured shrink-resistant animal hair which has been produced by (a) treating animal hair at a temperature within the range of room temperature to 70 C. with an aqueous solution of a permonosulphuric compound selected from the group consisting of permonosulphuric acid and water-soluble salts thereof, said solution having a pH value within the range of 0.1 to 8.0, (b) as the next essential step, treating said hair with a dilute aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide having a pH value within the range of 6.5 to 10.5 at a temperature within the range of room temperature to 60 C.
• compositions comprising water, a water-soluble form of a reactive dyestulf and an acid acceptor, said composition being maintained at a temperature within the range of room temperature to 60 C. during contact with said hair.

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Birds (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Emergency Medicine (AREA)
• Coloring (AREA)

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Family Applications (1)

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Cited By (6)

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Citations (4)

• 1963
  • 1963-02-25 GB GB7426/63A patent/GB1071053A/en not_active Expired
• 1964
  • 1964-02-20 US US346070A patent/US3351419A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1964-02-24 CH CH219464A patent/CH420047A/de unknown
  • 1964-02-25 NL NL6401752A patent/NL6401752A/xx unknown
  • 1964-02-25 BE BE644323D patent/BE644323A/xx unknown
  • 1964-02-25 FR FR964998A patent/FR1383457A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1964-02-25 AT AT160564A patent/AT263686B/de active

Patent Citations (5)

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