US3346684A - Spinning of high molecular weight polyamide filaments - Google Patents

Spinning of high molecular weight polyamide filaments Download PDF

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Publication number
US3346684A
US3346684A US365665A US36566564A US3346684A US 3346684 A US3346684 A US 3346684A US 365665 A US365665 A US 365665A US 36566564 A US36566564 A US 36566564A US 3346684 A US3346684 A US 3346684A
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United States
Prior art keywords
filaments
drawn
melt
spinning
denier
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Expired - Lifetime
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US365665A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gosden Raymond George
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British Nylon Spinners Ltd
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British Nylon Spinners Ltd
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
    • D01F6/60—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyamides

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the spinning of high molecular weight polyamide filaments, and more particularly to those processes of melt spinning wherein the filaments, after solidification, are treated with steam before being wound up.
  • the filaments In the melt spinning of filaments, the latter on first emerging from the spinneret orifices are in a soft and tacky condition. Such filaments would stick to a thread guide. As the extruded material gets further and further from the spinneret, it gradually solidifies. In other words, the filaments solidify as they cool. In any case the point of solidification is to be understood as the point where the extruded filament ceasesto be tacky. In vertical spinning (and melt-spinning is usually carried out vertically downwards) the solidification point will thus be the highest point at which any thread guide may be placed.
  • the extruded filaments are treated with steam mainly in order that they may acquire a water content and that the resulting yarn may suffer little or no further dimensional change on storage in the factory atmosphere, which may possess a relative humidity of, for example 65%.
  • the extruded filaments are usually for the sake of convenience gathered together in a thread guide, known as the convergence guide, and the bundle of filaments thus obtained is passed downwards through a tube in which an atmosphere of steam is maintained.
  • the convergence guide is normally placed at the top of the steam tube and close to the point at which the filaments first solidify.
  • the extruded filaments are wound up by conventional means which in effect pull the extruded filaments from the spinneret.
  • the polyamide filaments e.g. polyhexamethylene adipamide filaments are then submitted to a subsequent drawing operation in the solid state whichintroduces orientation into the polyamide molecules constituting the filaments and develops a high tenacity and other desirable textile properties therein.
  • the filaments may be elongated in the solid state to, say, 4-5 times their original length.
  • melt spinning apparatus constitutes a large, elaborate and costly piece of plant.
  • such an apparatus involves considerable expense in the way of invested capital charges.
  • polyamide filaments are commonly melt-spun at high speeds amounting to several thousand feet per minute
  • the polyamide molecules are further oriented when the filaments are subsequently drawn in the solid state on a drawing machine in order to develop their tenacity, a process already alluded to above.
  • the convergence guide is placed close to the point of solidification of the filaments (before they are treated with steam) and therefore the degree of orientation possessed by the melt-spun filaments (before the subsequent drawing step on the drawing machine) is due to :and thus depends on, inter alia, the degree of drawn-down (i.e. drawing or elongation) which takes place after the filaments have passed the convergence guide, i.e. below the convergence guide.
  • This elongation may amount to about 30% for example.
  • a measure of the degree of orientation is provided by a determination of the birefringence of the filaments. A further increase in degree of orientation (and accordingly birefringence) is effected during the subsequent drawing on the drawing machine. The finished filaments thus exhibit a higher birefringence than the melt-spun filaments.
  • the process conditions include temperature of melt-pool, rate of extrusion of polyamide in kgm./hour, linear rate of winding up, rate of cooling of the extruded filaments (which influences the spherulitic structure of the polyamides, namely the number and size of the spherulites produced), degree of draw down, humidity of the surrounding atmosphere.
  • the linear rate of winding up or linear speed of the winding up means in the linear rate or speed at which the filaments are wound up.
  • the denier of the finished, i.e. drawn yarn is equal to the denier of the melt-spun yarn divided by the effective draw ratio, the denier of the melt-spun yarn being proportional to the rate of extrusion of the polyamide (i.e.
  • the rate of extrusion is increased by, say, 10% to 1.1x kgm. of polyamide per hour.
  • the denier of the wound-up filaments will therefore be 10% greater.
  • the draw ratio in the subsequent drawing operation be increased from 4 to 4.4 i.e. by 10%, the final denier of the drawn yarn will remain at its original value i.e. A y.
  • the drawn yarn Will not be satisfactory because the increased drawn ratio will have undesirably increased the degree of orientation and decreased the extensibility at break. It has now been found that by increasing, e.g. with forwarding means consisting of driven nip rolls mounted just below the convergence guide, the linear speed at which the filaments pass the guide so that this speed is nearly equal to (i.e.
  • the elongation of the filaments occurring below the convergence guide can be substantially eliminated, with consequential reduction in the orientation possessed by the melt-spun filaments.
  • their birefringence (which is a measure of orientation) may be reduced from 0.020 to 0.015. In this manner it is possible to correct the undesirable effect of the increased drawn ratio alluded to above so that satisfactory yarn is produced at the higher rate of output.
  • the invention consists of a process of melt-spinning high molecular weight synthetic linear polyamides into filaments wherein the latter after solidification are treated with steam and wound up by conventional means characterised in that the filaments after solidification are forwarded by conventional forwarding means at a controlled linear rate which is equal to or nearly equal to the linear speed of winding up, i.e. differing by not more than a few percent therefrom, e.g. /2 1%, 2% or 3
  • the controlled linear speed of the forwarding means is preferably slightly less than that of the winding up so as to hold the running filaments taut and steady.
  • the invention includes an apparatus for carrying out the above process comprising a melter With a spinneret and a pumping means, a convergence guide, a forwarding means, a steamer (often known as a steam conditioner, because the steam conditions the filaments), a conventional winding up means, and a mechanical means to control the ratio of the linear speeds of the said forwarding means and winding up means.
  • the synthetic linear polyamide (which designation is intended to include interpolyamides) may be, for example, those quoted with their melting points below:
  • Poly-epsilon-caprolactam 214 Polyhexamethylene adipamide 248 Polyhex-amethylene sebacamide 209 Poly-kappa-aminoundecanoic acid 187 Interpolyamide from hexamethylene diammonium adipate and epsilon-caprolactam in the ratio by weight of 80:20 220 Frequently the cooling of the extruded polyamide filaments is accelerated by a blast of air directed across their path. In any case the point of solidification (below which is positioned the convergence guide, if used, and the present controlled forwarding means) depends on the rate of draw down and on the specific polyamide chosen. Some polyamide melting points have thus been quoted above.
  • the controlled forwarding means may be, for instance, driven nip rolls (already referred to) or a driven godet round which the filaments are passed, conveniently after they have been gathered together into a bundle by a convergence guide. No such guide may however, be necessary, if for example, a row of parallel filaments are spun from a series of spinneret holes in a straight line. In order to prevent undue oscillation of the filaments in the steamer it is preferred, as indicated above, that they be held taut by controlling the speed of the forwarding means at a few percent below that of the winding up means. In other words a very small degree of drawing or elongation is permitted to take place below the forwarding means.
  • the steamer or steam treating means may be variously constructed. Usually it is a vertically positioned open ended vessel of circular cross-section, i.e. a pipe, in which an atmosphere of steam is maintained and through which the filaments are passed on their Way downward to the winding up means. In the case of a row of parallel filaments, a steamer of rectangular cross-section would be suitable, on the assumption that no convergence guide Was used to gather the filaments into a bundle.
  • Example 1 of the accompanying diagrammatic drawings 20 filaments of polyhexamethylene adipamide are melt-spun (in accordance with known art) by means of the melter 1, gathered together in the guide 2, passed downwards (without the nip rolls shown at 3) through the steamer 4, and wound up at a linear speed of 1200 metres per minute by conventional means to form a cake 5.
  • the extruded filaments are cooled by a blast of air indicated by the arrow 6.
  • the rate of output of polyamide from the melter 1 is 2.9 kgm. per hour.
  • the total denier of the wound up filaments is 182.
  • FIGURE 2 of the accompanying drawings wherein 5 is the supply cake, 7 are the feed rolls, 8 the draw rolls and 9 a conventional winding up bobbin.
  • the peripheral speed of the draw rolls 8 is slightly greater than three times that of the feed rolls 7 in order to allow for any slight slip of the filaments and their subsequent retraction.
  • the resulting 20-filament yarn accordingly having a total denier of 60.
  • the total denier of the wound up filaments at 5 in FIGURE 1 is then found to be 10% greater i.e. 200. In other words the rate of output of the melter 1 has been increased by 10%.
  • the wound up filaments are drawn at an increased effective draw ratio of 3.3 to compensate for their greater denier, so that the resulting drawn yarn still has a total denier of 60'.
  • the properties of the drawn yarn are little changed, thus:
  • the improvement which increases the mass rate of melt spinning and drawing without adversely affecting the hirefringence and extensibility of the drawn filaments, said improvement comprising: increasing the mass rate of melt spinning the filaments thereby forming filaments of greater denier; positively forwarding the filaments, almost immediately after solidification and before treating with steam by contacting the filaments with a forwarding means, at a linear speed which is substantially equal to the linear speed of winding up whereby the denier of the Wound up filaments is increased and whereby the filaments rnay be drawn subsequently to a greater extent without producing undesirable properties in the drawn filaments.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
US365665A 1963-05-25 1964-05-07 Spinning of high molecular weight polyamide filaments Expired - Lifetime US3346684A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB20970/63A GB1015548A (en) 1963-05-25 1963-05-25 Improvements in or relating to the spinning of high molecular weight polyamide filaments

Publications (1)

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US3346684A true US3346684A (en) 1967-10-10

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US365665A Expired - Lifetime US3346684A (en) 1963-05-25 1964-05-07 Spinning of high molecular weight polyamide filaments

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US3346684A (xx)
BE (1) BE648390A (xx)
CH (1) CH443554A (xx)
DE (1) DE1435362A1 (xx)
GB (1) GB1015548A (xx)
LU (1) LU46118A1 (xx)
NL (1) NL6405675A (xx)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3408435A (en) * 1966-12-13 1968-10-29 Hercules Inc Process for extruding elastic poly(epichlorohydrin) filaments
US3435108A (en) * 1964-09-22 1969-03-25 Fiber Industries Inc Filament production for synthetic linear polymers
DE2528127A1 (de) * 1974-06-25 1976-01-15 Monsanto Co Nylon 66-garn und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
US3939639A (en) * 1973-06-05 1976-02-24 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Spin stretching and spin stretch texturing of multifilament yarns
US3994121A (en) * 1974-04-03 1976-11-30 E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company Polyhexamethylene adipamide yarn
DE2813010A1 (de) * 1977-04-01 1978-10-12 Schweizerische Viscose Verfahren zur herstellung spinnorientierter, unverstreckter polyhexamethylenadipamid-faeden
US4123492A (en) * 1975-05-22 1978-10-31 Monsanto Company Nylon 66 spinning process
US4247505A (en) * 1978-05-05 1981-01-27 Phillips Petroleum Company Melt spinning of polymers
US4396570A (en) * 1981-05-01 1983-08-02 Allied Corporation Nylon spin-draw process with steam conditioning
CN103276464A (zh) * 2013-06-06 2013-09-04 浙江亚星纤维有限公司 一种锦纶高功能性凉爽丝的制造方法

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2273105A (en) * 1938-08-09 1942-02-17 Du Pont Method and apparatus for the production of artificial structures
US2289860A (en) * 1938-08-09 1942-07-14 Du Pont Process and apparatus for the production of artificial fibers and the like
GB661999A (en) * 1948-05-26 1951-11-28 Ici Ltd Improvements in the melt spinning of fine denier synthetic filament yarn
US2577915A (en) * 1948-09-21 1951-12-11 Zd Y Pre Chemicku Vyrobu Narod Method for producing artificial fibers from high molecular linear polymers or polycondensates respectively
US2768057A (en) * 1950-02-08 1956-10-23 Phrix Werke Ag Drawing of organic high polymers
US2811409A (en) * 1952-12-31 1957-10-29 Eastman Kodak Co Spinning of acrylonitrile polymer fibers
CA556640A (en) * 1958-04-29 T. Barrett Peter Controlling uniformity of filaments during spinning process
US3013361A (en) * 1957-10-16 1961-12-19 Johns Manville Fiber Glass Inc Marble hopper and feed mechanism
US3067459A (en) * 1959-12-16 1962-12-11 Du Pont Quenching chamber
US3070839A (en) * 1958-12-24 1963-01-01 Du Pont Controlled quenching apparatus
US3216187A (en) * 1962-01-02 1965-11-09 Du Pont High strength polyethylene terephthalate yarn

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA556640A (en) * 1958-04-29 T. Barrett Peter Controlling uniformity of filaments during spinning process
US2273105A (en) * 1938-08-09 1942-02-17 Du Pont Method and apparatus for the production of artificial structures
US2289860A (en) * 1938-08-09 1942-07-14 Du Pont Process and apparatus for the production of artificial fibers and the like
GB661999A (en) * 1948-05-26 1951-11-28 Ici Ltd Improvements in the melt spinning of fine denier synthetic filament yarn
US2577915A (en) * 1948-09-21 1951-12-11 Zd Y Pre Chemicku Vyrobu Narod Method for producing artificial fibers from high molecular linear polymers or polycondensates respectively
US2768057A (en) * 1950-02-08 1956-10-23 Phrix Werke Ag Drawing of organic high polymers
US2811409A (en) * 1952-12-31 1957-10-29 Eastman Kodak Co Spinning of acrylonitrile polymer fibers
US3013361A (en) * 1957-10-16 1961-12-19 Johns Manville Fiber Glass Inc Marble hopper and feed mechanism
US3070839A (en) * 1958-12-24 1963-01-01 Du Pont Controlled quenching apparatus
US3067459A (en) * 1959-12-16 1962-12-11 Du Pont Quenching chamber
US3216187A (en) * 1962-01-02 1965-11-09 Du Pont High strength polyethylene terephthalate yarn

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3435108A (en) * 1964-09-22 1969-03-25 Fiber Industries Inc Filament production for synthetic linear polymers
US3408435A (en) * 1966-12-13 1968-10-29 Hercules Inc Process for extruding elastic poly(epichlorohydrin) filaments
US3939639A (en) * 1973-06-05 1976-02-24 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Spin stretching and spin stretch texturing of multifilament yarns
US3994121A (en) * 1974-04-03 1976-11-30 E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company Polyhexamethylene adipamide yarn
DE2528127A1 (de) * 1974-06-25 1976-01-15 Monsanto Co Nylon 66-garn und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
US4093147A (en) * 1974-06-25 1978-06-06 Monsanto Company Flat nylon 66 yarn having a soft hand, and process for making same
US4123492A (en) * 1975-05-22 1978-10-31 Monsanto Company Nylon 66 spinning process
DE2813010A1 (de) * 1977-04-01 1978-10-12 Schweizerische Viscose Verfahren zur herstellung spinnorientierter, unverstreckter polyhexamethylenadipamid-faeden
US4247505A (en) * 1978-05-05 1981-01-27 Phillips Petroleum Company Melt spinning of polymers
US4396570A (en) * 1981-05-01 1983-08-02 Allied Corporation Nylon spin-draw process with steam conditioning
CN103276464A (zh) * 2013-06-06 2013-09-04 浙江亚星纤维有限公司 一种锦纶高功能性凉爽丝的制造方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1435362A1 (de) 1969-03-13
BE648390A (xx) 1964-11-25
CH443554A (de) 1967-09-15
LU46118A1 (xx) 1972-01-01
NL6405675A (xx) 1964-11-26
GB1015548A (en) 1966-01-05

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