US3345059A - Crucible for holding molten metal - Google Patents

Crucible for holding molten metal Download PDF

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Publication number
US3345059A
US3345059A US439238A US43923865A US3345059A US 3345059 A US3345059 A US 3345059A US 439238 A US439238 A US 439238A US 43923865 A US43923865 A US 43923865A US 3345059 A US3345059 A US 3345059A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
crucible
molten metal
insulation
metal
shell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US439238A
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English (en)
Inventor
Joseph K Swindt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
United States Steel Corp
Original Assignee
United States Steel Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by United States Steel Corp filed Critical United States Steel Corp
Priority to US439238A priority Critical patent/US3345059A/en
Priority to NL6603129A priority patent/NL6603129A/xx
Priority to DE1521564A priority patent/DE1521564C3/de
Priority to FR52830A priority patent/FR1470946A/fr
Priority to BE677752D priority patent/BE677752A/xx
Priority to GB11151/66A priority patent/GB1098238A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3345059A publication Critical patent/US3345059A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
    • C23C14/26—Vacuum evaporation by resistance or inductive heating of the source
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
    • C23C14/243—Crucibles for source material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details specially adapted for crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/10—Crucibles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/57—Processes of forming layered products

Definitions

  • a crucible for holding molten metal includes a metal container in a double-walled vessel, the Walls being of thermally insulating material and separated by a cushioning layer. The insulation Walls are confined in an outer box lined with insulation powder.
  • This invention relates to a crucible and, in particular, to a crucible specially adapted to hold molten metal while the surface thereof is being heated sufficiently to effect rapid evolution of the vapor of the metal.
  • the prime requisite is a satisfactory crucible for holding the molten coating metal, e. g. aluminum, while the surface thereof is heated, as by electron bombardment, to effect vaporization at a rapid rate.
  • the problem of providing a satisfactory high-temperature crucible as a source is rendered acute by the fact that many otherwise suitable refractory materials are subject to cracking from sudden thermal expansion and contraction, and are thus not leakproof. Others are subject to attack by the molten metal. Artificially cooled crucibles have a low thermal efiiciency.
  • my crucible comprises an inner receptacle or container of highly refractory material surrounded by a vessel of thermal insulation.
  • the vessel has double walls of insulation with an intermediate layer of compressible refractory or thermal insulation.
  • the entire crucible is disposed within a binding of metal plate but is separated therefrom by a layer of packed refractory powder.
  • an inner receptacle or container is dimensioned to hold a charge of molten metal 11 to be evaporated.
  • the crucible may be of any desired shape in plan but will usually be rectangular. It is composed of a highly refractory material such as the nitride of boron, aluminum or silicon, but need not be free from cracking on heating and cooling.
  • Container 10 is positioned within a double-walled vessel 12 composed of separate walls or shells 12a and 12b of thermal insulation, having a cushioning or expansion layer 13 therebetween.
  • Shells 12a and 12b are preferably made of a castable insulation having a high alumina content.
  • the expansion layer 13 between the side walls of these spaced shells is preferably aluminum-silicate fibers, refractory pebbles or crushable shapes. In any event, it is compressible so as to permit expansion of shell 12a without materially stressing shell 12b.
  • the bottoms of shells 12a and 12b are spaced by a layer 14 of granular material, e.g. alumina powder.
  • a binding of metal plate such as box 15 surrounds the entire crucible structure but is separated therefrom by a densely packed layer 16 of powdery material, such as alumina, similar to that of layer 14.
  • a crucible comprising an innermost vessel of refractory material, confined within a double wall of insulation, the walls being separated by a compressible filling, the entire crucible structure having an outside binding or vessel spaced from it by a densely packed refractorypowder layer.
  • Layer 13 of course, permits expansion and contraction of shell 12a independently of shell 12b while shell 12b aflfords a rigid refractory support for shell 12a. Separating layer 16 further seals against possible contact of a leak of molten metal with binding 15.
  • a crucible for holding molten metal comprising a metal box, a lining of thermal-insulation powder therein, an outer shell of solid thermal insulation seated in said lining, a second lining of thermal-insulation powder in said outer shell, an inner shell of solid thermal insulation seated in said second lining and a container of refractory metal seated in the said inner shell.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
US439238A 1965-03-12 1965-03-12 Crucible for holding molten metal Expired - Lifetime US3345059A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US439238A US3345059A (en) 1965-03-12 1965-03-12 Crucible for holding molten metal
NL6603129A NL6603129A (en(2012)) 1965-03-12 1966-03-09
DE1521564A DE1521564C3 (de) 1965-03-12 1966-03-10 Verdampfertiegel f Ur Metalle
FR52830A FR1470946A (fr) 1965-03-12 1966-03-10 Creuset
BE677752D BE677752A (en(2012)) 1965-03-12 1966-03-11
GB11151/66A GB1098238A (en) 1965-03-12 1966-03-14 Crucible for holding molten metal

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US439238A US3345059A (en) 1965-03-12 1965-03-12 Crucible for holding molten metal

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3345059A true US3345059A (en) 1967-10-03

Family

ID=23743882

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US439238A Expired - Lifetime US3345059A (en) 1965-03-12 1965-03-12 Crucible for holding molten metal

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3345059A (en(2012))
BE (1) BE677752A (en(2012))
DE (1) DE1521564C3 (en(2012))
FR (1) FR1470946A (en(2012))
GB (1) GB1098238A (en(2012))
NL (1) NL6603129A (en(2012))

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3437328A (en) * 1967-04-13 1969-04-08 Air Reduction Powder crucibles
US3492383A (en) * 1967-05-12 1970-01-27 Sulzer Ag Process of manufacturing a crack resistant multi-layer furnace lining
JPS5071522A (en(2012)) * 1973-07-30 1975-06-13
JPS5091608A (en(2012)) * 1973-12-19 1975-07-22
US3914527A (en) * 1974-03-28 1975-10-21 Wheeling Pittsburgh Steel Corp Lining for zinc pot induction heater
US3973076A (en) * 1973-06-07 1976-08-03 Lukens Steel Company Furnace for melting highly corrosive slag
US4149705A (en) * 1977-06-08 1979-04-17 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Foundry ladle and method of making the same
US4208043A (en) * 1977-07-08 1980-06-17 Granges Weda Ab Holding vessel
EP0051910A1 (en) * 1980-11-10 1982-05-19 Aikoh Co. Ltd. A vessel for molten metal
US4339115A (en) * 1979-03-22 1982-07-13 Daussan Et Compagnie Heat insulating lining for metallurgical vessels
US4367866A (en) * 1981-04-10 1983-01-11 Sunbeam Equipment Corporation Furnace adapted to contain molten metal
US4399981A (en) * 1980-10-01 1983-08-23 Noemtak Ants Vessel for molten metal
FR2585273A1 (fr) * 1985-07-24 1987-01-30 Daussan & Co Revetement pour proteger l'interieur d'un recipient metallurgique et procede pour realiser ce revetement
US4734031A (en) * 1985-10-30 1988-03-29 Micropore International Limited Vessel for holding high temperature bulk materials
US4773852A (en) * 1985-06-11 1988-09-27 Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Pyrolytic boron nitride crucible and method for producing the same
US5120029A (en) * 1988-02-19 1992-06-09 Durbin Robert J Linings for crucible furnaces and transfer vessels and method of applying same
US5158750A (en) * 1990-06-06 1992-10-27 Praxair S.T. Technology, Inc. Boron nitride crucible
US6245287B1 (en) 1998-03-24 2001-06-12 Nippon Crucible, Co., Ltd. Molten metal vessel and molten metal holding furnace
EP1139049A1 (fr) * 2000-03-30 2001-10-04 Novatherm (Sarl) Garnissage réfractaire pour des fours contenant du métal en fusion
US7194197B1 (en) * 2000-03-16 2007-03-20 Global Solar Energy, Inc. Nozzle-based, vapor-phase, plume delivery structure for use in production of thin-film deposition layer
WO2008003425A1 (de) * 2006-07-06 2008-01-10 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Vorrichtung zum elektronenstrahlverdampfen
US20090255469A1 (en) * 2008-04-15 2009-10-15 Global Solar Energy, Inc. Apparatus and methods for manufacturing thin-film solar cells
DE102009014891A1 (de) * 2009-03-25 2010-09-30 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Vorrichtung zum Verdampfen eines Materials in einer Vakuumkammer
US20110177622A1 (en) * 2009-12-28 2011-07-21 Global Solar Energy, Inc. Apparatus and methods of mixing and depositing thin film photovoltaic compositions
US20140004641A1 (en) * 2011-03-15 2014-01-02 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Vapor deposition device, vapor deposition method, and method for producing organic el display device

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2557834A (en) * 1949-02-23 1951-06-19 Carborundum Co Refractory glass wool
US3079136A (en) * 1961-04-26 1963-02-26 Tyler S Soine Reusable reaction vessel
US3227431A (en) * 1961-11-22 1966-01-04 Nat Res Corp Crucible externally lined with filamentary carbon

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2557834A (en) * 1949-02-23 1951-06-19 Carborundum Co Refractory glass wool
US3079136A (en) * 1961-04-26 1963-02-26 Tyler S Soine Reusable reaction vessel
US3227431A (en) * 1961-11-22 1966-01-04 Nat Res Corp Crucible externally lined with filamentary carbon

Cited By (46)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3437328A (en) * 1967-04-13 1969-04-08 Air Reduction Powder crucibles
DE1758159B1 (de) * 1967-04-13 1972-02-03 Air Reduction Verfahren zur herstellung eines oberflaechenbeheizten tiegels zur aufnahme von metallschmelze
US3492383A (en) * 1967-05-12 1970-01-27 Sulzer Ag Process of manufacturing a crack resistant multi-layer furnace lining
US3973076A (en) * 1973-06-07 1976-08-03 Lukens Steel Company Furnace for melting highly corrosive slag
JPS5071522A (en(2012)) * 1973-07-30 1975-06-13
JPS5091608A (en(2012)) * 1973-12-19 1975-07-22
US3914527A (en) * 1974-03-28 1975-10-21 Wheeling Pittsburgh Steel Corp Lining for zinc pot induction heater
US4149705A (en) * 1977-06-08 1979-04-17 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Foundry ladle and method of making the same
US4208043A (en) * 1977-07-08 1980-06-17 Granges Weda Ab Holding vessel
US4339115A (en) * 1979-03-22 1982-07-13 Daussan Et Compagnie Heat insulating lining for metallurgical vessels
US4399981A (en) * 1980-10-01 1983-08-23 Noemtak Ants Vessel for molten metal
US4532092A (en) * 1980-10-01 1985-07-30 Noemtak Ants Method of making a vessel for molten metal
EP0051910A1 (en) * 1980-11-10 1982-05-19 Aikoh Co. Ltd. A vessel for molten metal
US4367866A (en) * 1981-04-10 1983-01-11 Sunbeam Equipment Corporation Furnace adapted to contain molten metal
US4773852A (en) * 1985-06-11 1988-09-27 Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Pyrolytic boron nitride crucible and method for producing the same
US4913652A (en) * 1985-06-11 1990-04-03 Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Pyrolytic boron nitride crucible and method for producing the same
FR2585273A1 (fr) * 1985-07-24 1987-01-30 Daussan & Co Revetement pour proteger l'interieur d'un recipient metallurgique et procede pour realiser ce revetement
EP0214882A1 (fr) * 1985-07-24 1987-03-18 Daussan Et Compagnie Revêtement pour protéger l'intérieur d'un récipient métallurgique et procédé pour réaliser ce revêtement
US4799652A (en) * 1985-07-24 1989-01-24 Daussan Et Compagnie Lining for protecting the interior of a metallurgical vessel and a method for forming said lining
AU586519B2 (en) * 1985-07-24 1989-07-13 Daussan Et Compagnie A lining for protecting the interior of a metallurgical vessel and a method for forming said lining
US4734031A (en) * 1985-10-30 1988-03-29 Micropore International Limited Vessel for holding high temperature bulk materials
US5120029A (en) * 1988-02-19 1992-06-09 Durbin Robert J Linings for crucible furnaces and transfer vessels and method of applying same
US5158750A (en) * 1990-06-06 1992-10-27 Praxair S.T. Technology, Inc. Boron nitride crucible
US6245287B1 (en) 1998-03-24 2001-06-12 Nippon Crucible, Co., Ltd. Molten metal vessel and molten metal holding furnace
US8059945B2 (en) 2000-03-16 2011-11-15 Global Solar Energy, Inc. Nozzle-based, vapor-phase, plume delivery structure for use in production of thin-film deposition layer
US7194197B1 (en) * 2000-03-16 2007-03-20 Global Solar Energy, Inc. Nozzle-based, vapor-phase, plume delivery structure for use in production of thin-film deposition layer
US20070253686A1 (en) * 2000-03-16 2007-11-01 Wendt Robert G Nozzle-based, vapor-phase, plume delivery structure for use in production of thin-film deposition layer
US20080247737A1 (en) * 2000-03-16 2008-10-09 Wendt Robert G Nozzle-based, vapor-phase, plume delivery structure for use in production of thin-film deposition layer
US20080247738A1 (en) * 2000-03-16 2008-10-09 Wendt Robert G Nozzle-based, vapor-phase, plume delivery structure for use in production of thin-film deposition layer
US8190006B2 (en) 2000-03-16 2012-05-29 Global Solar Energy, Inc. Nozzle-based, vapor-phase, plume delivery structure for use in production of thin-film deposition layer
US7760992B2 (en) 2000-03-16 2010-07-20 Global Solar Energy, Inc. Nozzle-based, vapor-phase, plume delivery structure for use in production of thin-film deposition layer
US8184963B2 (en) 2000-03-16 2012-05-22 Global Solar Energy, Inc. Nozzle-based, vapor-phase, plume delivery structure for use in production of thin-film deposition layer
EP1139049A1 (fr) * 2000-03-30 2001-10-04 Novatherm (Sarl) Garnissage réfractaire pour des fours contenant du métal en fusion
FR2807151A1 (fr) * 2000-03-30 2001-10-05 Novatherm Garnissage refractaire pour des fours contenant du metal en fusion
CN101484966B (zh) * 2006-07-06 2012-05-30 弗劳恩霍弗实用研究促进协会 电子束蒸发装置
WO2008003425A1 (de) * 2006-07-06 2008-01-10 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Vorrichtung zum elektronenstrahlverdampfen
US20090255469A1 (en) * 2008-04-15 2009-10-15 Global Solar Energy, Inc. Apparatus and methods for manufacturing thin-film solar cells
US8198123B2 (en) 2008-04-15 2012-06-12 Global Solar Energy, Inc. Apparatus and methods for manufacturing thin-film solar cells
US8202368B2 (en) 2008-04-15 2012-06-19 Yakima Products, Inc. Apparatus and methods for manufacturing thin-film solar cells
US8980008B2 (en) 2008-04-15 2015-03-17 Hanergy Hi-Tech Power (Hk) Limited Apparatus and methods for manufacturing thin-film solar cells
US10312403B2 (en) 2008-04-15 2019-06-04 Global Solar Energy, Inc. Apparatus and methods for manufacturing thin-film solar cells
DE102009014891A1 (de) * 2009-03-25 2010-09-30 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Vorrichtung zum Verdampfen eines Materials in einer Vakuumkammer
DE102009014891B4 (de) * 2009-03-25 2012-12-27 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Vorrichtung zum Verdampfen eines Materials in einer Vakuumkammer
US20110177622A1 (en) * 2009-12-28 2011-07-21 Global Solar Energy, Inc. Apparatus and methods of mixing and depositing thin film photovoltaic compositions
US20140004641A1 (en) * 2011-03-15 2014-01-02 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Vapor deposition device, vapor deposition method, and method for producing organic el display device
US9748526B2 (en) * 2011-03-15 2017-08-29 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Vapor deposition device, vapor deposition method, and method for producing organic el display device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6603129A (en(2012)) 1966-09-13
BE677752A (en(2012)) 1966-09-12
GB1098238A (en) 1968-01-10
DE1521564B2 (de) 1974-06-12
DE1521564A1 (de) 1969-10-23
DE1521564C3 (de) 1975-01-23
FR1470946A (fr) 1967-02-24

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