US3342050A - Ultrasonic wire drawing - Google Patents

Ultrasonic wire drawing Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3342050A
US3342050A US458945A US45894565A US3342050A US 3342050 A US3342050 A US 3342050A US 458945 A US458945 A US 458945A US 45894565 A US45894565 A US 45894565A US 3342050 A US3342050 A US 3342050A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
wire
die
ultrasonic
fluid
tank
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US458945A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Edward O Fuchs
Robert F Jack
Karl M Olsen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AT&T Corp
Original Assignee
Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc filed Critical Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority to US458945A priority Critical patent/US3342050A/en
Priority to GB20618/66A priority patent/GB1144511A/en
Priority to SE7185/66A priority patent/SE307557B/xx
Priority to BE681619D priority patent/BE681619A/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3342050A publication Critical patent/US3342050A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, wire, rods, tubes or like semi-manufactured products by drawing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, wire, rods, tubes or like semi-manufactured products by drawing
    • B21C1/006—Manufacture of metal sheets, wire, rods, tubes or like semi-manufactured products by drawing using vibratory energy

Definitions

  • DIAMETER (INCHES) 2 m s M 0 5 a -w. w 4 w 0 m b W F O. M M 0 m 0.. o m m w a m o United States Patent 3,342,00 ULTRASONIC WIRE DRAWING Edward 0. Fuchs, Union, Robert F. Jack, Convent Station, and Karl M. Olsen, Madison, N.J., assignors to Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated, New York, N.Y., a corporation of New York Filed May 26, 1965, Ser. No. 458,945 11 Claims. (Cl. 72-60) This invention relates to drawing wire or similar continuous stock through a die member to reduce the diameter of the wire or stock.
  • the invention is based on the development of a wire drawing technique capable of producing long lengths of wire having a surface quality far superior to that obtained by normal drawing procedures.
  • the surface condition of wire is an important factor which must be considered in the development of many components designed for use in complex communications systems as well as many other applications. Improved surface quality is being sought in all wire sizes from heavy conductors to fine wire below 0.0015 inch diameter.
  • the source of surface imperfections in wire can be divided into two categories; those present in the starting rod stock, and those introduced by the wire drawing process.
  • ultrasonic energy is used to agitate the liquid lubricant in a tank through which the Wire is being pulled over pulleys and drawn through the totally submerged die.
  • the surface of the wire is well-cleaned before entering the die.
  • particles in the liquid bath are kept in suspension and are not deposited on the wire prior to its passage through the die.
  • the transmission of ultrasonic energy through the liquid to the die is intense enough to prevent accumulation of foreign matter in the die cavity.
  • Ultrasonic energy itself is not new to the wire drawing art. It has been proposed in several instances for improving wire drawing performance. Typical of such proposals is the teaching in United States Patent 2,638,207 issued to R. P. Gutterman on May 12, 1953.
  • the principal idea is to reduce frictional forces by drawing wire through a die which is vibrated by direct metallic connection to a source of ultrasonic power.
  • Experience using this suggestion has encountered the problem of overheating of the die, and consequent seizure of the wire in the die resulting in wire breakage. Even though reduction in friction may be realized in relatively slow-speed drawing of short lengths of Wire, the rapid movement of the constricting die surface over the wire continually increases frictional heat until seizure occurs.
  • ultrasonic energy is used in an entirely different manner in the drawing of wire and similar stock to achieve new and unexpected results.
  • large quantities of wire can be drawn with improved surface quality at percentage reductions and rates significantly above those obtainable using prior art drawing processes.
  • the invention requires the combined use of ultrasonic energy and a fluid in which the die and the wire being drawn are immersed. This combination is particularly useful since the fluid acts as a lubricant and coolant for the die as Well as to introduce the novel ultrasonic effects.
  • the ultrasonic energy is effectively applied to the fluid in close proximity to the die and to the wire prior to its being drawn through the die.
  • the consequence of ultrasonically agitating the fluid in this manner is to reduce die friction and die wear and to permit the drawing of long lengths of wire with an unusually high-quality, smooth, surface finish. All of the reasons for this improved drawing behavior are not fully understood. However, it is likely that some of the factors involved are the ultrasonic precleaning of the wire, the continuous cleaning of the entry area of the die by the agitated fluid and the cavitational activity of the fluid at the die providing enhanced lubrication.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an apparatus embodying the principles of the invention showing wire-drawing apparatus immersed in an ultrasonic tank with the top lid open to permit an overall view;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic front-sectional view of the apparatus of FIG. 1 showing the transducers in place adjacent to both the wire being drawn and the die;
  • FIG. 3 is a reduction schedule for copper wire drawn on the apparatus of FIGS. 1 and 2 showing the reduction in wire diameter per pass for a nine stage (9 dies) reducing operation;
  • FIG. 4 is a similar reduction schedule for high-purity aluminum wire.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 An apparatus used to demonstrate the principles of the invention is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 1 a perspective view is shown of the tank, the submerged rolls and die assembly, and the tank lid which carries the ultrasonic transducers.
  • the lid is shown in the open position for a clearer picture of the apparatus.
  • the tank 10 is a stainless steel container having dimensions of 36 inches x inches and an approximate depth of 8 inches.
  • the wire 11 is taken from a spool 12 and threaded over a pay-out pulley 13. After it enters the tank it is fed around driven roll 14 along the length of the tank, around driven roll 15, returning through the first die 16.
  • the pulleys are free wheels.
  • provisions are made for twelve reduction stages as shown mounted on the die holder plate 17.
  • the wire passes around each end roll and through each die in succession. After the last pass the Wire loops around the end roll 15, emerges from the tank over free pulley 18 as it is being pulled by the motor-driven capstan 19 and is spooled on a take-up reel 20.
  • the give-up and take-up spooling devices are, in practice, somewhat more elaborate and use servo motors which permit precise control of wire tension.
  • the stainless steel transducers 21 containing resonant piezoelectric crystal units are rated at 150 watts and are mounted on the lid 22 of the equipment.
  • the ultrasonic generator for this particular unit delivers approximately 1000 watts so that the six transducers, each rated at 90% efiicient, deliver approximately 900 watts to the fluid in the tank.
  • FIG. 2 which is a schematic front-sectional view of the apparatus of FIG. 1 showing the top lid 22 in place. The separation should not exceed 12 inches and is preferably less than 6 inches.
  • the fluid space between the wire 10 and the surface of the transducer 21 was less than one inch and the return or lower pass was approximately 3 /2 inches from the transducer surface. Obviously it makes little difference whether the transducers are top, bottom or side mounted with respect to the wire and die or dies.
  • OFHC copper wire was drawn from 0.015 inch to Copper 0.0028 inch diameter at 1000 feet per minute using average reductions of 30% per die.
  • the reduction schedule for this drawing operation is given in FIG. 3.
  • the ordinate is plotted as percent reduction vs. wire diameter on the abscissa.
  • Each pass (reduction stage) is designated by a triangular plot point.
  • B & S conventional gauge reductions schedule.
  • the reduction schedule for drawing the pure aluminum wire is shown in FIG. 4.
  • the coordinates are the same as in FIG. 3.
  • Available conventional diamond dies were used whose bore sizes decreased uniformly in increments of 0.002 inch, 0.001 inch, etc. This accounts for the steplike character of the reduction schedule curve.
  • the average reduction per die was approximately 12 percent and the processing of the 0.0028 inch diameter wire required thirty-three reduction stages (achieved by three passes of the wire through the 11 die setup). It is very possible that fewer dies would be needed if appropriate matched sets of short bearing dies were used.
  • High nickel content alloys All of these alloys were drawn from 0.020 inch to 0.001 inch diameter with no difliculty. About 1000 feet of the hard Ni-Cr-Al-Cu alloy was drawn from .001 inch to 0.0007 inch diameter using a set of nine dies and an average of 10% reduction per die.
  • ultrasonic energy at a power density of at least 1 watt/in. of transducer area must be delivered to the fluid adjacent the die area and the wire prior to entry into the die.
  • a power density of at least 2.5 watts/m It is preferred that this power density be applied to the liquid over a length of twelve inches encompassing the die region and the wire path entering the die. This prescribed power density is regarded as a minimum for high-speed wire drawing, e.g., one thousand to several thousand feet per minute.
  • the ultrasonic frequency may vary from 20 kc. to 400 kc.
  • the transducers used in the equipment described in this specification operated at 25 kc.
  • the fluid composition may be varied.
  • Trichloroethylene is useful for its solvent capabilities and its physical properties may permit useful cavitation at slightly lower power levels.
  • Kerosene, benzene, alcohol, acetone, etc. are other alternative fluids.
  • the hydrodynamic characteristics of the fluid are as important as its chemical behavior, a wide latitude in the selection of the fluid is possible.
  • the type of fluid used will be dependent upon the nature of the wire being drawn. Water is economic, relatively inert, and has been found to be particularly effective for this application. Lubricant additives other than the Vegetable oil used here may be employed with the water.
  • the fluid While it is convenient to operate the equipment at room temperature the fluid may be heated if desired to increase the efficiency of the ultrasonic agitation. Temperatures around 60 C. are especially good for water.
  • the apparatus can be constructed in various designs. For instance, a given tank or portion of a tank may contain several dies of the same size and a plurality of continuous filaments may be treated simultaneously, side by side, passing through several die stations to achieve the desired reduction. Several similar alternative arrangements may also be foreseen.
  • An apparatus for drawing continuous stock through a die comprising a fluid-tight, a die mounted below the rim of the tank adapted to be completely immersed with fluid in the tank, means for drawing the continuous stock through the die, ultrasonic means adapted for applying ultrasonic energy to a fluid contained in the tank said ultrasonic means disposed in a position to deliver ultrasonic energy at a power density of at least 1 watt/in. to the region of the fluid containing the die and a twelve inch length defined by the path of the continuous stock just prior to entering the die, the said ultrasonic means in said region spaced at less than twelve inches from the said die and continuous stock path.
  • a method for drawing continuous stock through a size reducing die which comprises drawing the continuous stock through a die substantially completely immersed in a fluid while applying ultrasonic energy to the fluid at a power density of at least 1 watt/in. in the region of the die and over at least a twelve inch length of the path of the continuous stock just prior to entering the die, the effective power density of said ultrasonic energy occurring within less than twelve inches of the die and the continuous stock.
  • the fluid comprises a member selected from the group consisting of water, trichloroethylene, kerosene, alcohol, acetone and benzene.
  • the method of claim 2 is at least 2.5 watts/m 10.
  • An apparatus for drawing wire to reduce its diameter comprising a fluid-tight tank, a plurality ofdies mounted within said tank below the fluid surface-definin-g level of the tank, wire handling means associated with said tank including roller means disposed within said tank below said surface-defining level for passing a continuous wire through an ultrasonic treatment portion Within said tank and directly thereafter through said dies,
  • the power density said ultrasonic treatment portion having a length of at least twelve inches as measured along the wire path defined by the wire handling means and consisting of at least one ultrasonic transducer mounted on said tank and capable of delivering ultrasonic energy at a power level of at least 1 watt/m the said transducer having its effective surface extending over the entire ultrasonic treatment portion of the tank and spaced within six inches of the said wire path.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
US458945A 1965-05-26 1965-05-26 Ultrasonic wire drawing Expired - Lifetime US3342050A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US458945A US3342050A (en) 1965-05-26 1965-05-26 Ultrasonic wire drawing
GB20618/66A GB1144511A (en) 1965-05-26 1966-05-10 Method of and apparatus for drawing continuous stock
SE7185/66A SE307557B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1965-05-26 1966-05-25
BE681619D BE681619A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1965-05-26 1966-05-26

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US458945A US3342050A (en) 1965-05-26 1965-05-26 Ultrasonic wire drawing

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3342050A true US3342050A (en) 1967-09-19

Family

ID=23822735

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US458945A Expired - Lifetime US3342050A (en) 1965-05-26 1965-05-26 Ultrasonic wire drawing

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3342050A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE681619A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1144511A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE307557B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3651682A (en) * 1969-03-29 1972-03-28 Werner Henrich Wire drawing machine
US3828596A (en) * 1971-12-29 1974-08-13 Nippon Kokan Kk Automatic control system for draw-forming with vibratory energy
CN107511406A (zh) * 2017-08-03 2017-12-26 慈溪市龙山汽配有限公司 一种雨刮臂的拉丝工艺
CN112296107A (zh) * 2020-10-27 2021-02-02 杨远才 一种用于金属微丝拉拔的超声波振子
CN113083922A (zh) * 2021-03-22 2021-07-09 西北工业大学 一种制备毛细管的感应加热辅助拉拔装置

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2638207A (en) * 1947-11-17 1953-05-12 Engineering Res Associates Inc Method and apparatus for forming wire and the like

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2638207A (en) * 1947-11-17 1953-05-12 Engineering Res Associates Inc Method and apparatus for forming wire and the like

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3651682A (en) * 1969-03-29 1972-03-28 Werner Henrich Wire drawing machine
US3828596A (en) * 1971-12-29 1974-08-13 Nippon Kokan Kk Automatic control system for draw-forming with vibratory energy
CN107511406A (zh) * 2017-08-03 2017-12-26 慈溪市龙山汽配有限公司 一种雨刮臂的拉丝工艺
CN112296107A (zh) * 2020-10-27 2021-02-02 杨远才 一种用于金属微丝拉拔的超声波振子
CN113083922A (zh) * 2021-03-22 2021-07-09 西北工业大学 一种制备毛细管的感应加热辅助拉拔装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE681619A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1966-10-31
SE307557B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-01-13
GB1144511A (en) 1969-03-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP5602494B2 (ja) 伸線装置、及び伸線方法
JP2002018649A (ja) 放電加工用多孔性電極線の構造
US3342050A (en) Ultrasonic wire drawing
JP3244426B2 (ja) ワイヤソー用ワイヤの製造方法及びワイヤソー用ワイヤ
WO2017056877A1 (ja) ワイヤ工具用ダイヤモンド砥粒およびワイヤ工具
TWI784096B (zh) 工件切斷方法及線鋸
US3082119A (en) Method of and apparatus for hot-dip coating strands
JP4656804B2 (ja) ワイヤソーを用いる切断方法および希土類磁石の製造方法
JP2006297440A (ja) 金属線材の湿式伸線方法
CN113226640B (zh) 工件的切断方法及线锯
JPS6238066B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JPH0523729A (ja) 極細鋼線の高速伸線方法
JP3770879B2 (ja) 希土類合金の切断方法
JP2013539231A (ja) 単結晶インゴット切断装置
JP2003191158A (ja) 希土類合金の切断方法および希土類磁石の製造方法ならびにワイヤソー装置
JP2002036113A (ja) 希土類合金の切断方法および希土類合金磁石の製造方法
JP2010069607A (ja) ソーワイヤ再生方法
JPH04274815A (ja) 極細鋼線の高速伸線方法
JPH08103813A (ja) 線材の伸線方法及びその伸線装置
JP2004011772A (ja) 管端ねじ表面処理方法
CN111670088B (zh) 工件的切断方法及线锯
JP3139287B2 (ja) ダイス引抜加工方法
JP2002224734A (ja) フローティングダイスを用いて伸線を行う線材の製造方法
JP2016101611A (ja) 基板の製造方法
JP2006181688A (ja) 超砥粒ワイヤソーによる切断方法および超砥粒ワイヤソー切断装置