Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/37—Mixtures of compounds all of which are anionic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/22—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aromatic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/29—Sulfates of polyoxyalkylene ethers

Definitions

• This invention relates to detergent compositions having outstanding sudsing and detergent properties, based on synergistic ternary mixtures of olefin sulfonates, alkyl benzene sulfonates and alkyl ether sulfates.
• olefins having a free hydrogen atom on a carbon in the alpha-position can be sulfonated directly using vigorous sulfonating agents.
• the sulfo radical attaches to the terminal carbon atom and the double bond remains intact, but may migrate from the alpha position.
• the olefins have suitable molecular weight,
• the sulfonates have detergent properties.
• ternary mixtures of olefin sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates and alkyl ether sulfates are synergistic, and have sudsing and cleaning power better than would be expected from a knowledge of their performance when used alone, and, in particular, better than would be expected from a knowledge of the performance of binary mixtures, especially mixtures of alkyl benzene sulfonates and alkyl ether sulfates, without the third component, and of the third component alone.
• a detergent composition comprising a synergistic ternary mixture of (A) an olefin sulfonate having 12 to 16 carbon atoms in the molecule, (B) an alkyl benzene sulfonate having an alkyl chain containing 10 to 18 carbon atoms and (C) an alkyl ether sulfate having the formula RO(C H O),,SO M wherein R is an alkyl chain having 10 to 18 carbon atoms, x is l to 5, and M is a cation.
• olefin sulfonates is used herein to mean compounds which can be produced by the sulfonation of alpha olefins by means of uncomplexed sulfur trioxide, followed by neutralization of the acid reaction mixture in conditions such that any sultones which have .been formed in the reaction are hydrolysed to give the preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms. Preferably, they are straight chain olefins. Olefin sulfonates having more than 16 carbon atoms do not give the desired high lathering performance in the mixtures according to the invention; those with fewer than 12 carbon atoms having reduced detergent properties.
• the olefin sulfonates 3,332,876 Patented July 25, 1967 ice may contain minor amounts of other materials, arising from impurities in the original olefin stock and from side reactions during the sulfonation process.
• a preferred embodiment of the present invention is the use herein of the olefin sulfonate compositions which are described completely in a patent application Ser. No. 516,139, filed Dec. 23, 1965, by Phillip F. Pflaumer and Adriaan Kessler and titled, Detergent Composition.
• the alkyl aryl sulfonates are preferably alkyl benzene sulfonates, and the alkyl chain preferably has 12 to 16 carbon atoms.
• the alkyl chain may be derived, for example, from branched or straight chain olefins, such as tetraor penta-propylene polymers or mixtures thereof, straight chain alpha-olefins obtained from petroleum cracking or by the polymerization of ethylene, or from halogenated paraffins.
• An alkyl chain which is a straight chain containing 12 carbon atoms is generally very suitable.
• the alkyl ether sulfates can be made by the condensation by known methods of ethylene oxides on to monohydric alcohols having 10 to 18 carbon atoms.
• R has 12 to 14 carbon atoms.
• the alcohols may be derived from fats, e.g., coconut oil, or they may be synthetic. Lauryl alcohol and straight chain alcohols derived from coconut oil are preferred. Such alcohols are reacted with 1 to 5, and especially 3, molar proportions of ethylene oxide and the resulting mixture of molecular species, having, for example, an average of 3 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol, is sulfated and neutralized.
• the cation in the case of all the detergent ingredients may be alkali metal, ammonium or a substituted ammonium radical, or (as further explained below) may be in part magnesium, or may be an alkaline earth metal. It may be a mixture of any two or more of these.
• olefin sulfonates While the addition of even small amounts of the olefin sulfonates to any mixtures of the alkyl aryl sulfonates and the alkyl ether sulfates provides synergistic. mixtures, preferred mixtures comprise 5 to of the olefin sulfonate, by weight of the ternary mixture and to 25% of a mixture comprising the alkyl aryl sulfonate and the alkyl ether sulfate in a ratio from 9:1 to 3:7 by Weight.
• ternary mixtures containing 5 to 50% of the olefin sulfonate, and 95 to 50% of a mixture of the alkyl aryl sulfonate and the alkyl ether sulfate in a ratio of from 8.5 :15 to 1:1 by Weight.
• the synergistic properties of the ternary mixtures of the invention are most marked when the compositions are used in hard water. Accordingly, where they may be used in soft water, it is advantageous to include some of a source of water hardness in the composition. This may be done by including a source of magnesium ion in the composition, either by adding a soluble magnesium salt, such as the sulfate or chloride or by incorporating one of the detergent ingredients at least partly in the form of its magnesium salt.
• compositions may contain any of the other ingredients usual in detergent compositions such as alkaline builder salts, bleaches, optical brighteners, sequestering agents, soil suspending agents, colors, perfumes, bacteriocides and the like.
• Other organic detergents may be present in minor proportions provided that they do not impair the performance of the ternary mixture of the invention.
• lather stabilizers while usually unnecessary, may be added; examples are fatty acyl ethanolamides, especially lauric monoethanolamide.
• the ternary mixtures are useful in solid, pasty or liquid detergent compositions, and are particularly well suited to liquid ones.
• liquid compositions they are dispersed or dissolved in a liquid medium, preferably water, optionally containing solubilizing agents such as lower monohy'dric alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or hydrotropic salts such as toluene or xylene sulfonates, etc.
• a frame was provided in which a number, for example six, 500 ml. cylinders could be placed and rotated about an axis perpendicular to their long axis.
• a solution of the detergent composition in water at 115 F. the concentration being selected according to the information required from the test.
• 3 ml. of a standard soil load namely, a liquid edible shortening based mainly on marine oils.
• the cylinders were then rotated in the frame for 1 minute at 20 r.p.m. They were then stood upright, the stoppers were removed, and the lather height above the clear liquid was measured. A further addition of 3 ml. of the soil was made and the procedure was repeated until substantially no lather remained.
• the sum of the measured lather heights is reported as the lather height.
• Example I Several diflerent liquid detergent compositions were made, each containing a total of 40% by weight of active detergent consisting of olefin sulfonates derived from alpha-olefin having 14 carbon atoms, tetra-propylene alkyl benzene sulfonate, and coconut alkyl trie-thylene glycol ether sulfate, all in the form of their sodium salts.
• the proportions of these components in each composition are indicated in the table below.
• the remainder of each composition consisted primarily of water, containing sufficient solubilizing agent (lower alcohol and, if necessary, hydrotrope) to give a homogeneous composition.
• Each composition was dissolved in hard water (18) to give a solution containing 0.26% of the composition, and tested for lather power by the method described above. The results are given in the following table:
• compositions f and g were according to the invention, the others being .included for comparison.
• Composition 1 had better lather power than the best binary mixtures e.
• Composition g had better lather power than would be expected of a 1:1 mixture of half the detergent ingredients of compositions a and d, which would have the same formula.
• compositions according to the invention had excellent detergent properties.
• Example II Composition Olefin Lather Serial sulfonate Height Allryl benzene Alkyl ether (Inches) ulionate Sulfate 40 0 O 7. 55 0 40 0 2. 00 0 0 40 2. 33 0 2O 20 9. 56 10 20 10 10. 81 20 10 1O 10. 87
• compositions e and 1 were according to the invention, the others being included for comparison. Both e and f had better lather power than was provided by the best binary mixture of alkyl benzene sulfonate and alkyl ether sulfate, composition d. Moreover, composition 1 had better lather power than would be expected of a 1:1 mixture of half the detergent ingredients of compositions a and d, which would have the same formula.
• compositions according to the invention had excellent detergent properties.
• the ternary mixture may be used in any desired proportion. If the proportion is very small, for example less than 10% by weight of the composition, then inconveniently large amounts of the composition may have to be transported and used in order to achieve a given amount of cleaning. If the proportion is very great, then there may not be sufficient place for all other desired ingredients of the composition (such as builder salts in the case of solid compositions), or it may be difiicult to achieve a stable composition (in the case of liquid compositions). Suitable proportions of the ternary mixture will often be found to be within the range from 10 to 60%, by weight of the composition. Proportions within the range from 20 to 50% are preferred for liquid compositions.
• a detergent composition consisting essentially of a synergistic ternary mixture of (A) a straight chain monoolefin sulfonate having 12 to 16 carbon atoms in the molecule, (B) an alkyl benzene sulfonate having an alkyl chain containing 10 to 18 carbon atoms and (C) an alkyl ether sulfate having the formula RO(C H O) SO M wherein R is an alkyl chain of 10 to 18 carbon atoms, x is a value from 1 to about 5, the cation of said sulfonate compounds and the cation M of said sulfate compound being selected from the group consisting of alkali metal, ammonium, magnesium and alkaline earth metal, the proportion of said mono-olefin sulfonate being from about 5 to 75% of the ternary mixture and to 65% of a mixture of said alkyl aryl sulfonate and said alkyl ether sulfate in
• a detergent composition according to claim 1 wherein said mono-olefin sulfonate has chain length of 12 to 14 carbon atoms.
• a detergent composition according to claim 1 wherein the alkyl benzene sulfonate has an alkyl chain of 12 to 16 carbon atoms.
• a detergent composition according to claim 1 wherein the alkyl ether sulfate has an alkyl chain of 12 to 14 carbon atoms and is derived from coconut alcohols.
• a detergent composition according to claim 6 wherein the alkyl ether sulfate has the formula where Rrepresents an alkyl group having 12 to 14 carbon atoms.
• a detergent composition according to claim 1 which References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,061,617 11/1936 Downing et a1. 260-513 2,086,215 7/1937 DeCroote 252338 2,846,402 8/1958 Lew 252-152 2,972,583 2/1961 Hewitt 252-161 FOREIGN PATENTS 704,288 2/1954 Great Britain.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)

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Cited By (29)

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Citations (5)

• 0
  • CA CA776614A patent/CA776614A/en not_active Expired
  • GB GB1050848D patent/GB1050848A/en active Active
• 1965
  • 1965-09-24 FI FI2285/65A patent/FI44927B/fi active
  • 1965-10-13 CH CH1413365A patent/CH485842A/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1965-10-13 FR FR34851A patent/FR1457000A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1965-10-14 DK DK526865AA patent/DK127071B/da unknown
  • 1965-10-14 NL NL6513298A patent/NL6513298A/xx unknown
  • 1965-10-14 DE DE19651467663 patent/DE1467663A1/de active Pending
  • 1965-10-14 AT AT931665A patent/AT257784B/de active
  • 1965-10-14 BE BE670913D patent/BE670913A/xx unknown
• 1966
  • 1966-06-29 US US561374A patent/US3332876A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1968
  • 1968-11-15 US US27096D patent/USRE27096E/en not_active Expired

Patent Citations (5)

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