US3332347A - Duplicating - Google Patents

Duplicating Download PDF

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Publication number
US3332347A
US3332347A US185048A US18504862A US3332347A US 3332347 A US3332347 A US 3332347A US 185048 A US185048 A US 185048A US 18504862 A US18504862 A US 18504862A US 3332347 A US3332347 A US 3332347A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
original
chemical
cylinder
copy
color reagent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US185048A
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert W Gundlach
Vsevolod S Mihajlov
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Xerox Corp
Original Assignee
Xerox Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to DENDAT1249089D priority Critical patent/DE1249089B/de
Application filed by Xerox Corp filed Critical Xerox Corp
Priority to US185048A priority patent/US3332347A/en
Priority to GB12975/63A priority patent/GB1029997A/en
Priority to FR930483A priority patent/FR1367474A/fr
Priority to DE19631471696 priority patent/DE1471696C/de
Priority to US276108A priority patent/US3386379A/en
Priority to US314152A priority patent/US3170395A/en
Priority to GB14196/64A priority patent/GB1043875A/en
Priority to FR971074A priority patent/FR1390006A/fr
Priority to DE19641471697 priority patent/DE1471697A1/de
Priority to GB40698/64A priority patent/GB1059659A/en
Priority to FR990705A priority patent/FR1414985A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3332347A publication Critical patent/US3332347A/en
Priority to US702959A priority patent/US3508823A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/22—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20
    • G03G15/28—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 in which projection is obtained by line scanning
    • G03G15/30—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 in which projection is obtained by line scanning in which projection is formed on a drum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41L—APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR MANIFOLDING, DUPLICATING OR PRINTING FOR OFFICE OR OTHER COMMERCIAL PURPOSES; ADDRESSING MACHINES OR LIKE SERIES-PRINTING MACHINES
    • B41L19/00—Duplicating or printing apparatus or machines for office or other commercial purposes, of special types or for particular purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B41L19/003—Duplicating or printing apparatus or machines for office or other commercial purposes, of special types or for particular purposes and not otherwise provided for using heat, e.g. wax transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/025—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein by transferring ink from the master sheet
    • B41M5/0253—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein by transferring ink from the master sheet using a chemical colour-forming ink, e.g. chemical hectography
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/025—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein by transferring ink from the master sheet
    • B41M5/0256—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein by transferring ink from the master sheet the transferable ink pattern being obtained by means of a computer driven printer, e.g. an ink jet or laser printer, or by electrographic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/22—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/09—Colouring agents for toner particles
    • G03G9/0926—Colouring agents for toner particles characterised by physical or chemical properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/09—Colouring agents for toner particles
    • G03G9/0928—Compounds capable to generate colouring agents by chemical reaction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S101/00—Printing
    • Y10S101/29—Printing involving a color-forming phenomenon

Definitions

  • This invention relates to duplicating processes and, in particular, to the making of duplicates of an original by the action of chemical reagents.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a typewriter ribbon carrying a color reagent
  • FIG. 2 is a face view of a second embodiment of typewriter tape carrying a color reagent
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic illustration of simplified apparatus for carrying out one step of the inventive process
  • FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic illustration of the simplified apparatus shown in FIG. 3 particularly illustrating a second step in the process
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 are diagrammatic illustrations of rotary apparatus for carrying out the process steps shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, respectively;
  • FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic illustration of a second embodiment of rotary apparatus
  • FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic illustration of apparatus using untreated copy paper.
  • the usual typewriter ribbon for a typewriter is replaced with a similar ribbon which has been inked with a conventional typewriter ink and also with a color reagent.
  • This color reagent which is herein termed Chemical A, may be one of a number of chemicals for which a reaction partner exists so that when the two are combined, an intensely colored substance is formed.
  • the reaction partner is herein termed Chemical B.
  • Chemical A may be one of a number of chemicals for which a reaction partner exists so that when the two are combined, an intensely colored substance is formed.
  • the reaction partner is herein termed Chemical B.
  • Chemical A Chemical B (1) Pyrocatechol (2) Anflme (1) Iron salts.
  • material typed using the ribbon containing Chemical A may be used to form a mirror-image master from which, in turn, multiple direct-reading copies may be produced on paper treated With the corresponding Chemical B.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show various embodiments of typewriter ribbon in accordance with the invention.
  • the typewriter ribbon comprises support tape 11 carrying composition 12 of ink and an appropriate Chemical A.
  • Support tape 11 can be any material suitable for use as a typewriter ribbon such as cloth fabric, metal foil, paper, or plastic. Because non-uni-formities are emphasized in a duplicating process, the support tape is preferably of a material that facilitates uniform typing. As is Well known in the typewriter industry, greater uniformity is commonly achieved by using a non-reusable ribbon. Such ribbons are conventionally referred to as carbon ribbons and use a thin plastic support tape.
  • typewriter ribbon for use in accordance with the present invention comprises a polyethylene film coated with typewriter ink and Chemical A in which Chemical A is about 50% by weight of the ink and Chemical A mixture.
  • Spray coating, roll coating, dip coating, evaporation coating, or other conventional coating means may be used.
  • a cloth ribbon is saturated with an ink and Chemical A, of the same nature as for the plastic ribbon, by running the ribbon through a bath of the solution or by some similar process.
  • a silk typewriter ribbon dipped in a mixture of 20 grams rubeanic acid to 100 grams of black typewriter ink.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a typewriter ribbon 14 in accordance with the invention in which one half of the ribbon 15 is coated or permeated with the ink and color reagent solution as in FIG. 1 and the other half of the ribbon 16 is coated with a chalk-like material for correcting errors.
  • the correcting materials are picked for their ability to conceal a typed letter when the same letter is typed over with the error-correcting half of the ribbon, and further for their ability to form a vapor block so that no vapor can issue from the erroneously typed letter.
  • titanium dioxide or zinc oxide in a Wax binder or the like have been found suitable for coating the correction half of the ribbon.
  • a single sheet of original typed copy is made using a ribbon in the typewriter corresponding to one of the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2. It is desirable that the typing be highly uniform in order to obtain good copies. Since the average typist does not have good uniformity of touch, an electric typewriter has been found preferable.
  • FIG. 3 shows a simple manually operated embodiment of apparatus to produce multiple copies of the typed original.
  • This apparatus comprises heat conductive pad 18 such as will maintain a uniform low ambient temperture on its surface when a heated roller is rolled across a sheet of material resting on such surface.
  • the heat conductive pad may be a metal such as aluminum having enough mass to absorb a considerable amount of heat without changing its over-all temperature by a significant amount.
  • This pad should have a surface area adequate to support the largest size of copy sheet that may be desired. A rectangular size of about 10 x 15 inches is adequate for most purposes.
  • the pad should preferably be not less than one quarter inch thick, but this is not limiting since the heat absorption and dissipation characteristics are controlling.
  • master sheet 19 is positioned in contact with the surface of the heat conductive pad.
  • This master sheet may be made of substantially any material that has a smooth finished surface such as a majority of plastic materials, metal foils, glass 3 or paper.
  • a 1 mil thick sheet of cellulose acetate has been used.
  • Nonporous materials have generally yielded the best results but whether this is due to thermal characteristics, absorption characteristics, or some other characteristics is not fully understood at this time.
  • Thickness of the master sheet is not critical and success has been obtained with sheets of 1 mil and of 15 mils thickness.
  • the determining criteria relevant to this last characteristic are the amount of heat available and the permissible time for vaporizing volatile material from the surface of the master sheet.
  • An excessive thickness will either act as a heat insulator or will dissipate the heat too rapidly for efficient operation. It is preferably less than about 10 mils thick so that it will not absorb or hold an excessive amount of heat. A 5 inch thickness of window glass has been found suitable by way of example.
  • Typed original 20 is next placed face down against the smooth surface of the master sheet and heated roller 22 or other heat applicator such as a heated plate or heat lamp is used to apply heat against the back of typed original 20.
  • Heat applicator 22 is a metal roller containing thermal element 23 which is connected through handle 24 of the roller to power source 25.
  • the intensity of the heat and the length of time must be such as to cause a portion of Chemical A in the characters of the typed original to sublime or otherwise change to a vapor. Suitable heat may be applied by operating the roller at a temperature of about 200 to 400 F.
  • heat conductive pad 18- maintains master sheet 19 at a temperature relatively lower than that attained by typed original 20 when the heat is applied to it.
  • a portion of the color reagent Chemical A is transferred by vaporization and condensation from the typed original to the master sheet. Since the material thus transferred is transferred is between surfaces that are in virtual contact, there is no significant loss of resolution. Since the amount of liquid transferred is ery minute, bleeding effects are practically nonexistent.
  • Copy sheet 27 may comprise any ordinary paper which has been chemically treated in accordance with the invention. Preferably, the paper is smooth surface to permit a more uniform contact in the duplicating process. If the color reagent, Chemical A, is dithiooxamide, otherwise known as rubeanic acid, the copy paper is appropriately treated with a coating solution of, for example, nickel salts dissolved in Water, alcohol or similar solvent to a solution of 5% to 25% by weight volume.
  • an amine in which one or more hydrogen atoms attached to nitrogen have been replaced by one or more alkanol groups has been found advantageous.
  • a suitable amount of this additive has been found to be 0.5 to 4.0 moles per mole of nickel.
  • This additive is also advantageously used with the other metallic salts listed under Chemical B.
  • One coating solution used is a 25% solution of NiSO -6H O containing two moles of 2-(2- aminoethyl) aminoethanol per mole of nickel.
  • a solution of 25% weight by volume of copper sulfate in water has also produced effective results.
  • the solution may then be coated on the paper by spraying, dipping, flowing, rolling, wiping or similar process. Some moisture content in the copy paper has been found to increase density further.
  • a humectant such as a sorbitol or glycerine have been found advantageous.
  • master sheet 19 With the treated paper lying face up on the pad, master sheet 19 is positioned in face-to-face Contact with the copy sheet so that the image-carrying surface of the master sheet is in contact with the treated surface of the copy sheet.
  • heated roller 22 or similar heat applicator applies heat to the free surface of the master sheet, a portion of the color reagent, Chemical A, in character configuration on the master sheet is transferred by evaporation to the surface of the copy sheet. Where Chemical A contacts the copy sheet, it reacts with its reacion partner, Chemical B, on the copy sheet to produce a visible image.
  • treated copy sheet 27 is placed with its treated surface adjacent to the surface of pad 18.
  • typed original 20 carrying Chemical A in its typed characters is positioned with its typed surface adjacent to the untreated surface of copy sheet 27.
  • heat is applied as by roller 22 or other heat applicating means, Chemical A vaporizes and condenses on copy sheet 27. If copy sheet 27 is made of a very porous paper or paperlike material, some of the vapor will pass through the pores reaching the treated surface of the copy paper. Otherwise, Chemical A should be chosen as a material that does not sublime but passes through a liquid phase.
  • the copy paper in accordance with this embodiment should preferably be quite thin-in the nature of a mil or less.
  • thicker copy papers may be used with the attendant disadvantage of slightly lower resolution.
  • a second method for going directly from original to copy requires the use of substantially tranparent copy sheets.
  • the transparent copy sheet carrying Chemical B is positioned with its coated surface facing the type surface of the original. The two are heated causing vaporization and chemical reaction on the contacting surface of the copy sheet. The image is then directly readable through the reverse side of the copy sheet.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show an embodiment of simple rotary apparatus for performing the process illustrated in connection with FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • cylinder 31 and cylinder 32 perform the functions of pad 18 and roller 22, respectively, of FIG. 3.
  • one of the cylinders have a slightly yieldable coating and high friction qualities.
  • covering one cylinder with a surface layer of silicone rubber has been found advantageous.
  • cylinder 32 is a heated cylinder.
  • the thermal characteristics of cylinder 31 are not particularly critical. However, it has been found that cylinder 31 because of its close proximity in operation to cylinder 32 is inclined to draw heat from cylinder 32 reducing its temperature and causing non-uniform heat distribution.
  • a treated copy sheet is positioned with its treated surface in contact with the surface of the master sheet now carrying transferred Chemical A in the configuration of the original.
  • the two sheets are advanced as a sandwich between cylinders 31 and 32 in a second vapor-thermographic transfer process similar to that illustrated in FIG. 4. Again the heat may be applied to either surface of the sandwich so long as it is adequate to cause vaporization of some of the Chemical A present on the master sheet. As the two sheets pass between the cylinders, Chemical A is transferred to the copy sheet. While the apparatus of FIGS. 5 and 6 is capable of considerably more automation than that of the highly simplified apparatus illustrated in FIG. 3, is still requires a large extent of manual operation.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a relatively automatic machine of inexpensive and simple design.
  • cylinder 41 replaces cylinder 31 of FIG. 5 and at the same time, serves as a master sheet.
  • Cylinder 42 is a heated cylinder performing essentially the same operation as cylinder 32 of FIG. 5.
  • Motor 43 is operative to cause rotation of the two cylinders.
  • Cylinder 41 comprises a support means 51 and a layer 52 of material suitable as a master sheet. As has been previously described, this material may be a plastic material such as cellulose acetate or a polyester plastic or it may be glass or metal foil but, in the embodiment of FIG.
  • Cylinder 42 is heated by thermal element 53 and is constructed with a metallic or similar heat conductive surface layer.
  • Motor 43 in operation rotates cylinder 41 by drive means 55.
  • this drive means also operates feed means 46 and heat cylinder 42.
  • Feed means 46 represents a conventional sheet feeding means as used in common duplicating machines. Treated copy sheets are placed in the supply tray 45 with the treated surfaces up and the type or other original is positioned face up on the top of the pile. Under control of feed means 46, the original is advanced first in between the two rotating cylinders. Heat from cylinder 42 drives the volatile Chemical A from the orginal onto the surface of the master cylinder 41.
  • cleaning station 47 is manually positioned out of contact with cylinder 41.
  • feed means 46 feeds the first copy sheet in between the two cylinders.
  • This feed means is synchronized with the rotation of the cylinders so that the pattern transferred from the original will come in properly positioned contact with the copy sheet as it is feed in between these cylinders.
  • Heat cylinder 42 will supply sufficient heat through the copy sheet and to the volatile pattern on cylinder 41 to again cause vaporization of a portion of the material so that it comes in contact with the Chemical B on the surface of the copy sheet producing a dense visible image.
  • the copy sheet is then dropped in the receiving tray 49 and cylinder 41 continues around for further duplications.
  • cleaning station 47 is brought into operative contact with cylinder 41 so that cylinder 41 is cleaned as it continues to rotate.
  • Cleaning station 47 is illustrated as a tray containing a cleaning solution 56 such as methyl alcohol or acetone.
  • a rotating sponge or web material 57 is positioned so that it revolves through the cleaning solution and also against cylinder 41.
  • the cleaning station has been illustrated as a device for manual positioning in contact or away from cylinder 41. It is to be understood, however, that various means of mechanization as can readily be devised to perform this operation are contemplated.
  • An alternative cleaning means may comprise an infrared lamp or similar source of highly concentrated heat which when directed against cylinder 41 vaporizes the remaining volatile material off its surface. This may also be accomplished by temporarily heating cylinder 41 to a high temperature to completely vaporize any remaining volatile material.
  • FIG. 7 has a particular advantage in that the original can be placed face up in the feed tray 45 on top of the copy sheets and starting of the machine would then produce the copies in a continuous operation with no further demands on the operator.
  • FIG. 8 shows two cylinders of which cylinder 62 is a heated cylinder essentially the same as cylinder 42 in FIG. 7.
  • a second cylinder 61 is driven by a motor 63 which also drives a feed means 66.
  • a feed reel 67 supplies a master web 70 made of polyester plastic, metal foil or other smooth-surfaced flexible web material preferably having thermal and dimensional stability characteristics as described for layer 52 of FIG. 7.
  • the end of the web 70 is drawn over cylinder 61 and fastened in slot 71 in the cylinder with a sufficient amount of web 70 wrapped around cylinder 61 to provide the desired length of master.
  • the master web is chopped off by knife 72 and the master is then ready for use.
  • the feed tray 65 is filled with a block of paper upon which the original is positioned face down.
  • the original is then fed in under cylinder 62 which heats it so that volatile Chemical A is transferred to the web master 70.
  • the first copy sheet is fed in off the block of paper in tray 65 and heat from cylinder 62 causes a portion of Chemical A on cylinder 61 to vaporize and transfer to the copy sheet as the copy sheet passes out through exit slot 73.
  • rollers 75 and 76 As the copy sheet leaves rollers 61 and 62, it is picked up by rollers 75 and 76 which are driven synchronously with cylinder 61.
  • Roller 76 has a surface layer of felt or other material wettable by a solution of nickel salts or other suitable Chemical B solution.
  • Roller 76 passes through a tray 77 containing the appropirate solution of Chemical B preferably containing an amine as previously discussed.
  • the roller coats the surface of the copy sheet carrying the Chemical A image causing a color reaction in the image portions so that a reproduction of the original appears on the copy sheet.
  • the original sheet as it passes between cylinders 61 and 62 would also be coated with the Chemical B solution.
  • the original be shunted away from between rollers 75 and 76 as by an adjustment of slot 73 to prevent the original from entering the slot.
  • a number of copies can be made from the same master as desired.
  • the master can be removed from cylinder 61 and a new master fed from reel 67 onto cylinder 61 for use in duplicating a further original. This use of a new master for each different original eliminates the necessity of a cleaning step such as illustrated in FIG. 7.
  • the number of reproduced copies is not strictly limited. However, a preferable quantity is 12 or less since a greater quantity of copies requires a large amount of Chemical A in the original and more accurate control over transfer than would otherwise be necessary. Many known economical machines exist to produce greater volume. It has been found, for example, that to make six copies, it is preferable to have for the average pica character about one microgram of a Chemical A such as rubeanic acid on the intermediate master sheet.
  • a given original in accordance with the invention is not necessarily limited to producing one master. Although, as has been disclosed, a high percentage transfer of the volatile chemical can be obtained, it is sometimes desirable to produce two masters. Thus, the originator and the recipient of a document might both desire to produce duplications in accordance with the invention. Faster transfers of lower heat will provide only a partial transfer of the volatile chemical for the first master. Enough of the volatile chemical is then retained in the original for making a further master.
  • Handwritten material using a pen or machine drawn material using some form of stylus device, in which the pen or stylus uses a drawing solution containing color reagent Chemical A is suit- .able as an original for reproduction in accordance with the inventive process.
  • a usable original may also be produced by xerography from an original that does not contain a volatile color reagent.
  • Such a xerographic copy for use as an original in the inventive process would be made using Chemical A in a deveolper material for the xerographic image. It has been found for example that rubeanic acid, itself, will act as a suitable toner in developing an electrostatic latent image in the xerographic process.
  • the source of heat while generally described as a heated roller or cylinder is not limited to such but can be any source of heat capable of supplying the necessary heat to cause vaporization of Chemical A.
  • photo-lash lamps, infrared lamps, any source of intense radiant illumination, sources for supplying hot air by blowers or convection currents and various electrical heating means are all contemplated as usable with the present inventive process.
  • Various available machines may also be used such as the thermal processing machines available under the trade name, Thermo-Fax, available from Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company of St. Paul, Minn.
  • a method of image duplicating comprising the steps of:

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)
  • Heat Sensitive Colour Forming Recording (AREA)
  • Color Printing (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Printing Methods (AREA)
US185048A 1962-04-04 1962-04-04 Duplicating Expired - Lifetime US3332347A (en)

Priority Applications (13)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DENDAT1249089D DE1249089B (US06262066-20010717-C00422.png) 1962-04-04
US185048A US3332347A (en) 1962-04-04 1962-04-04 Duplicating
GB12975/63A GB1029997A (en) 1962-04-04 1963-04-02 Improvements in duplicating
FR930483A FR1367474A (fr) 1962-04-04 1963-04-04 Procédé de reproduction ou de copie
DE19631471696 DE1471696C (de) 1962-04-04 1963-04-04 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur auto matischen Reproduktion
US276108A US3386379A (en) 1962-04-04 1963-04-26 Duplicating with color producing reagents
US314152A US3170395A (en) 1962-04-04 1963-10-07 Duplicating
GB14196/64A GB1043875A (en) 1962-04-04 1964-04-06 Duplicating
FR971074A FR1390006A (fr) 1962-04-04 1964-04-15 Appareil pour reproduire une configuration d'image initiale
DE19641471697 DE1471697A1 (de) 1962-04-04 1964-10-06 Vervielfaeltigungsverfahren
GB40698/64A GB1059659A (en) 1962-04-04 1964-10-06 Duplicating
FR990705A FR1414985A (fr) 1962-04-04 1964-10-07 Procédé de reproduction ou de copie
US702959A US3508823A (en) 1962-04-04 1968-02-05 Duplicating apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US185048A US3332347A (en) 1962-04-04 1962-04-04 Duplicating
US276108A US3386379A (en) 1962-04-04 1963-04-26 Duplicating with color producing reagents
US314152A US3170395A (en) 1962-04-04 1963-10-07 Duplicating

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US3332347A true US3332347A (en) 1967-07-25

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US185048A Expired - Lifetime US3332347A (en) 1962-04-04 1962-04-04 Duplicating
US276108A Expired - Lifetime US3386379A (en) 1962-04-04 1963-04-26 Duplicating with color producing reagents
US314152A Expired - Lifetime US3170395A (en) 1962-04-04 1963-10-07 Duplicating

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US276108A Expired - Lifetime US3386379A (en) 1962-04-04 1963-04-26 Duplicating with color producing reagents
US314152A Expired - Lifetime US3170395A (en) 1962-04-04 1963-10-07 Duplicating

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US (3) US3332347A (US06262066-20010717-C00422.png)
DE (2) DE1471697A1 (US06262066-20010717-C00422.png)
GB (3) GB1029997A (US06262066-20010717-C00422.png)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3481760A (en) * 1964-04-13 1969-12-02 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Thermographic copying sheets
US3490371A (en) * 1964-10-06 1970-01-20 Imagic Ltd Copying processes
US3491684A (en) * 1966-07-05 1970-01-27 Fallstaff Office Products Inc Unitary master and copy machine
US3549359A (en) * 1966-04-26 1970-12-22 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Color electrophotography employing dye transfer from a dye-containing photosensitive layer to an image receiving sheet
US3722406A (en) * 1971-07-12 1973-03-27 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Vapor thermographic duplicating process
US3904786A (en) * 1972-11-30 1975-09-09 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd Process for fixing images by contact heating in a duplicator
US3983815A (en) * 1975-01-29 1976-10-05 Honeywell Information Systems, Inc. Apparatus and method for printing on plain paper

Families Citing this family (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1121218A (en) * 1965-06-05 1968-07-24 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd A process for making reproductions from an original
US3454764A (en) * 1965-09-10 1969-07-08 Printing Arts Research Lab Inc Process of making diazo copies by sublimation of reactant materials onto a copy sheet
US3464823A (en) * 1965-12-28 1969-09-02 Ibm Diazotype materials
US3357353A (en) * 1966-01-03 1967-12-12 Xerox Corp Vapor thermography recording process and recording member used therein
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1471696B2 (US06262066-20010717-C00422.png) 1970-12-10
US3386379A (en) 1968-06-04
GB1029997A (en) 1966-05-18
DE1471697A1 (de) 1969-01-02
GB1059659A (en) 1967-02-22
DE1471696A1 (de) 1968-12-19
US3170395A (en) 1965-02-23
DE1249089B (US06262066-20010717-C00422.png) 1967-08-31
GB1043875A (en) 1966-09-28

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