US3306668A - Apparatus for crust breaking - Google Patents

Apparatus for crust breaking Download PDF

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Publication number
US3306668A
US3306668A US306033A US30603363A US3306668A US 3306668 A US3306668 A US 3306668A US 306033 A US306033 A US 306033A US 30603363 A US30603363 A US 30603363A US 3306668 A US3306668 A US 3306668A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
crust
tool
cell
breaking
elements
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US306033A
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English (en)
Inventor
Ellingsaeter Knut
Rortveit Ole Naess
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ardal og Sunndal Verk AS
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Ardal og Sunndal Verk AS
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Application filed by Ardal og Sunndal Verk AS filed Critical Ardal og Sunndal Verk AS
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D17/00—Details of, or accessories for, portable power-driven percussive tools
    • B25D17/28—Supports; Devices for holding power-driven percussive tools in working position
    • B25D17/32—Trolleys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/14—Devices for feeding or crust breaking

Definitions

  • a crust breaking apparatus usually consists of a truck movable along the electrolytic cell or furnace, or a series of such cells or furnaces, on which truck is mounted a movable cantilever carrying at its free end a pneumatic drill or hammer, which is the crust breaking tool proper.
  • a truck it is known to use a crane.
  • the tool By operation of the truck or crane and the cantilever the tool can be placed at any point on the top of the crust. By numerous rapid blows of the tool the crust is broken. Each time one is going to make a hole in the crust the apparatus has to be placed in position and then a hole is struck. This operation is repeated until the whole crust is knocked down.
  • a strong pressure may be applied to the crust, so that it is pushed down into the electrolytic bath.
  • the pressure required for this purpose may be very high, such procedure will be laborious. It is obvious that the strength of the crust will depend on the operational conditions, such as the consistence of the oxide used, the age of the crust and the temperature of the electrolytic bath. Further the shape of the tool which is to be pressed through the crust will have significance.
  • the present invention relates to a crust breaking apparatus comprising a crust breaking tool carried by a support being movable along the electrolytic cell or cells.
  • One object of the invention is to provide such an apparatus being more eflicient than crust breaking apparatuses hitherto known.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a crust breaking apparatus having a greater working efiiciency than known apparatuses.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a crust breaking apparatus which can be moved continually along the cell or cells.
  • a still further object of the invention is to provide a crust breaking apparatus in which the crust breaking tool is not blown or struck against the crust, but is moved continually along the crust, breaking the same while so moved.
  • the mode of operation of the apparatus according to the invention differs thus in substantial degree from the mode of operation of crust breaking apparatuses previously known.
  • the tool In known apparatuses the tool must be placed in desired position on the crust, whereafter a hole is struck in the crust by numerous rapid blows of the tool. Then the tool must be lifted and moved to a new position, and a second hole is struck in the crust.
  • the tool is not lifted from the crust during its movement along a cell, and is only lifted when it shall be moved from one cell to a subsequent cell in a series of electrolytic cells, or from one side of a cell to the opposite side.
  • the tool in an apparatus according to the invention has the shape of a wheel being rotatably mounted about a substantially horizontal axis being substantially perpendicular to the movement direction along the cell, which wheel is adapted to roll on the crust simultaneously breaking the same or pushing the same down, in a manner which will be described below.
  • the wheel can preferably consist of a hub provided with a multiple of rigid elements in the shape of blunt pikes or crow bars, radially mounted on the hub with even intervals in circumferential direction.
  • the tool can consist of a rigid element the under side of which slopes upwardly in the movement direction, for instance after the fashion of a sleigh-runner or the bow of an ice breaker.
  • At least the tool proper are attached to the lower end of a lift and lowerable supporting element being telescopically connected with a second element the upper end of which is carried by a crane moveable in the longitudinal direction of the cell or series of cells.
  • a lift and lowerable supporting element being telescopically connected with a second element the upper end of which is carried by a crane moveable in the longitudinal direction of the cell or series of cells.
  • the tool can be lifted when it during its horizontal movement comes to the end of one cell, and lowered down onto the crust in a subsequent cell.
  • the operation stand is attached to the said supporting element, the advantage is obtained that the apparatus can be lifted to such a height that it can be moved over trucks or other 0bstacles on the floor along the cell or cells.
  • FIGS. 1-8 show a crust breaking apparatus according to a first embodiment of the invention, and some embodiments of the tool
  • FIG. 1 showing diagrammatically the whole apparatus, comprising a truck, adapted to be moved along a cell or a row of cells, a cantilever carried by the truck and being swingably mounted about an axis extending in the movement direction of the truck, and a tool mounted at the end of the cantilever, the whole apparatus shown in working position and in the movement direction,
  • FIG. 2 showing the tool in FIG. I, seen from the right
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 showing a tool according to a modified embodiment, but adapted to be used in an apparatus according to FIG. 1, FIG. 3 showing the tool seen in the movement direction and FIG. 4 seen from the right in FIG. 3,
  • FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 being views similar to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 of a further modification of the tool
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 being similar views of a further modification of the tool.
  • FIG 9 shows a crust breaking apparatus according to a second embodiment of the invention, provided with a tool as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, which tool however is carried by a crane instead of by a truck
  • FIG. 10 is a sectional view along the line X-X in FIG. 9.
  • FIG. 11 shows a crust breaking apparatus according to a third embodiment of the invention, provided with a tool as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, and
  • the crust breaking apparatus according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 comprises a truck 1 provided with wheels 2, a cantilever 3, and the crust breaking tool proper 4, made in the shape of a wheel being freely rotatably mounted about the axis 55 at the free end of the cantilever.
  • the cantilever is swingably mounted at 6 about an axis extending in the movement direction of the truck, and is adapted to be swung in a vertical plane, for instance by means of a hydraulic mechanism 7, so that the tool is placed and maintained at a desired level.
  • the truck 1 When the crust breaking process shall be started, the truck 1 is moved to the place where the breaking is to begin, for instance at one end of a cell in a row of cells, and the tool is brought to a position as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the tool is pressed against the crust 12 in such a manner that one or more of the elements 9 are forced through the crust.
  • This is accomplished by swinging the cantilever in clockwise direction by means of the mechanism 7.
  • the truck is now moved along the cell and the tool is maintained in a constant level relatively to the top surface of the crust.
  • the tool being freely rotatably mounted will be rotated about its axis, whereby subsequent elements 9 will come into contact with the crust and be forced down through the same.
  • the tool according to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 comprises two discs 15 and 16 attached to a common hub 14, and each provided with a number of radially extending elements 17 and 18. These elements are, as shown in the drawing, preferably angularly displaced relatively to each other, whereby the crust breaking effect of the elements is increased.
  • FIGS. 9-12 two further embodiments of a crust breaking apparatus according to the invention are shown. These embodiments differ from the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 therein that the crust breaking tool according to FIGS. 9-12 is carried by a crane and not by a truck.
  • the crust breaking tool proper can be of the same shape and construction as previously described. For simplicitys sake only a tool as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is shown in the embodiments being described in the following.
  • the numeral 32 designates a crane which can be moved on a rail 33 in parallel with the electrolytic cell or row of cells in which the crust is to be broken.
  • the crane 32 has a horizontal beam 34 at the free end of which the bearing 28 is supported.
  • the crane is at its upper end guided by a rail 35 and rollers 36.
  • the crust breaking apparatus shown in FIG. 9 operates as follows:
  • the crane 32 When the apparatus is to be started, the crane 32 is moved to one end of the row of cells, or to some other place where it is desired to start the breaking of the crust.
  • the frame 23 with operation stand 24 and tool 22 is lowered until the tool is forced partly through the crust, as shown in FIG. 9. During this movement, the tool will make a hole in the crust, or press the same down into the electrolytic bath.
  • the movement of the crane is now started, while the tool is kept in constant height relatively to the surface of the crust.
  • the tool itself operates as described in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the frame 23 with operation stand 24 and tool 22 is raised so that the tool can be moved over the end wall of the cell and the adjacent end wall of the subsequent cell. Then the frame is anew lowered until the tool has reached its operation level, and the movement of the crane continues.
  • the frame 23 is raised, the bolt 29 is removed and the arm 27 rotated about the axis of the hearing 28. Then the bolt 29 is anew placed into locking position, the movement of the crane is reversed, the frame 23 is lowered, as described above, and the tool is brought into operation position on the opposite side of the said cell, that is the left side in FIG. 9.
  • the breaking of the crust on the left side of the cells in the row can now take place in the same manner as already described.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 show an embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, suitable for breaking the crust between two parallel anodes in a cell of the type shown in FIG. 11.
  • the cell 41 is here provided with two parallel anodes 42 and 43 with an intermediate passage 44.
  • the electrolytic bath 45 is covered by a crust 46 to be broken by means of the apparatus shown.
  • the crane 47 is a crane which can be moved on a rail 48.
  • the crane has a horizontal beam 49 at the end of which is attached the upper 50, of two vertical, telescopic suspension elements 50', 51 and the upper end of a cylinder 52 in a hydraulic mechanism 52, 53.
  • the lower end of the element 51 and the lower end of a piston rod 53 in the hydraulic mechanism are rigidly connected to a fork-shaped element 54 in which a tool 55, of the same type as described in connection with FIGS. 1, 2 and 9, is rotatably mounted.
  • Suspension rods 56 are carried by the beam 49, and carry at their lower ends an operation stand 57.
  • the function of the apparatus according to FIGS. 11 and 12 is substantially the same as the function of the apparatus described in connection with FIGS. 9 and 10.
  • a bending moment is transferred to the elements 50, 51.
  • These elements should therefore be shaped and dimensioned so that they are able to withstand this moment and transfer the same as a torque to the beam 49.
  • Apparatus for breaking the crust in a metal-producing electrolytic cell containing a suspended electrode comprising a support movable along the cell, a crustbreaking tool carried by said support, means for pressing the tool down against the crust to a position in which the lowermost point of the tool is situated a distance below a plane generally flush with the upper surface of the crust, means for moving said support along the cell, means for maintaining the tool in its lowered position during the movement of the support and the tool, said tool comprising a hub having a plurality of radially eX- tending elements, a substantially horizontal axis on said support substantially perpendicular to the direction of movement of said support on which said hub is rotatably mounted, whereby said hub and radially extending elements may roll on the surface of said crust and said elements are forced down through said crust.
  • Apparatus for breaking the crust in a metal-producing electrolytic cell containing a suspended electrode comprising a crane movable along the cell, a crustbreaking tool carried by said crane, means for pressing said tool down against the crust to a position in which the lowermost point of the tool is situated a distance below a plane generally flush with the upper surface of the crust, means for moving said crane along the cell, said tool comprising a hub having a plurality of radially extending elements, a substantially horizontal axis on said crane substantially perpendicular to the direction of movement of said crane on which said hub is rotatably mounted, whereby said hub and radially extending elements may roll on the surface of said crust and said elements are forced down through said crust, and means for maintaining said tool in its lowered position during the movement of said crane and tool.
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 3 comprising sus pension means carried by said crane, a frame attached to the lower end of said suspension means carrying said tool and an operation stand carried 'by said frame.
  • Apparatus for breaking the crust in a metal-producing electrolytic cell containing a suspended electrode comprising a crane movable along the cell, a telescopic suspension means carried by said crane, a frame attached to the lower end of said suspension means, a crustbreaking tool carried by said frame, said tool compris'ng a hub having a plurality of radially extending elements, a substantially horizontal axis on said frame, substantially perpendicular to the direction of movement of said frame on which said hub is rotatably mounted whereby said hub and radially extending elements may roll on the surface of said crust and said elements are forced down through said crust, an operation stand carried by said frame, means for lifting and lowering said frame, means for moving said crane along the cell and means for maintaining the tool in a lowered position in which the lowermost point of the tool is situated a distance below a plane generally flush with the upper surface of the crust during the movement of the crane.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
US306033A 1962-09-14 1963-09-03 Apparatus for crust breaking Expired - Lifetime US3306668A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO14572262 1962-09-14

Publications (1)

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US3306668A true US3306668A (en) 1967-02-28

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ID=19908698

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US306033A Expired - Lifetime US3306668A (en) 1962-09-14 1963-09-03 Apparatus for crust breaking

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US (1) US3306668A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT246439B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH445133A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1194589B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES291528A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB992830A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (2) NL297615A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE313675B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3819144A (en) * 1971-10-14 1974-06-25 Ardal Og Sunndal Verk Crust breaking machine
US3905647A (en) * 1974-09-16 1975-09-16 Ardal Og Sunndal Verk Crust-breakers
EP0324631A1 (en) * 1988-01-12 1989-07-19 Norsk Hydro A/S Method for removing carbon anodes in aluminium electrolysis cells
FR3032461A1 (fr) * 2015-02-09 2016-08-12 Ecl Procede pour desengager un ensemble anodique use d'une cuve d'une installation de production d'aluminium

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2943292A1 (de) * 1979-09-10 1981-03-19 Schweizerische Aluminium AG, 3965 Chippis Meissel fuer eine einschlagvorrichtung
FR3093737B1 (fr) * 2019-03-14 2023-02-24 Rio Tinto Alcan Int Ltd Dispositif de manutention destiné à convoyer un outil d’intervention sur une cuve d’électrolyse.

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2604201A (en) * 1951-08-06 1952-07-22 Goodman Mfg Co Conveyer swivel joint
US2967701A (en) * 1957-05-06 1961-01-10 Arnold G Wilcox Method of continuous low seam short wall mining using rotary auger cutters
US2992722A (en) * 1957-04-19 1961-07-18 Jeffrey Mfg Co Mine conveyor
US3107776A (en) * 1960-02-01 1963-10-22 Marmon Herrington Co Inc Articulating and telescoping conveying system

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2964305A (en) * 1958-11-20 1960-12-13 Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co Crust breaking apparatus

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2604201A (en) * 1951-08-06 1952-07-22 Goodman Mfg Co Conveyer swivel joint
US2992722A (en) * 1957-04-19 1961-07-18 Jeffrey Mfg Co Mine conveyor
US2967701A (en) * 1957-05-06 1961-01-10 Arnold G Wilcox Method of continuous low seam short wall mining using rotary auger cutters
US3107776A (en) * 1960-02-01 1963-10-22 Marmon Herrington Co Inc Articulating and telescoping conveying system

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3819144A (en) * 1971-10-14 1974-06-25 Ardal Og Sunndal Verk Crust breaking machine
US3905647A (en) * 1974-09-16 1975-09-16 Ardal Og Sunndal Verk Crust-breakers
EP0324631A1 (en) * 1988-01-12 1989-07-19 Norsk Hydro A/S Method for removing carbon anodes in aluminium electrolysis cells
US4956054A (en) * 1988-01-12 1990-09-11 Norsk Hydro A.S. Method and apparatus for removing carbon anodes in aluminum electrolysis cells
AU610329B2 (en) * 1988-01-12 1991-05-16 Norsk Hydro A.S Method for removing carbon anodes in aluminium electrolysis
FR3032461A1 (fr) * 2015-02-09 2016-08-12 Ecl Procede pour desengager un ensemble anodique use d'une cuve d'une installation de production d'aluminium
WO2016128652A1 (fr) * 2015-02-09 2016-08-18 Fives Ecl Procédé pour désengager un ensemble anodique usé d'une cuve d'une installation de production d'aluminium

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT246439B (de) 1966-04-25
ES291528A1 (es) 1964-01-01
SE313675B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-08-18
NL297615A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH445133A (de) 1967-10-15
DE1194589B (de) 1965-06-10
NL129766C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB992830A (en) 1965-05-19

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