US3199270A - Apparatus for mixing and separating substances of different mass-inertia - Google Patents

Apparatus for mixing and separating substances of different mass-inertia Download PDF

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US3199270A
US3199270A US98604A US9860461A US3199270A US 3199270 A US3199270 A US 3199270A US 98604 A US98604 A US 98604A US 9860461 A US9860461 A US 9860461A US 3199270 A US3199270 A US 3199270A
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flow
vessel
dust
primary
space
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Oehlrich Karl-Heinz
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Siemens Schuckertwerke AG
Siemens Corp
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Siemens Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D45/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces
    • B01D45/12—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by centrifugal forces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/02—Construction of inlets by which the vortex flow is generated, e.g. tangential admission, the fluid flow being forced to follow a downward path by spirally wound bulkheads, or with slightly downwardly-directed tangential admission
    • B04C5/04—Tangential inlets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/24—Multiple arrangement thereof
    • B04C5/30—Recirculation constructions in or with cyclones which accomplish a partial recirculation of the medium, e.g. by means of conduits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C7/00—Apparatus not provided for in group B04C1/00, B04C3/00, or B04C5/00; Multiple arrangements not provided for in one of the groups B04C1/00, B04C3/00, or B04C5/00; Combinations of apparatus covered by two or more of the groups B04C1/00, B04C3/00, or B04C5/00

Definitions

  • My invention relates to apparatus for combining and separating substances according to the principle of utilizing differences in their mass-inertia with superimposed primary, secondary and tertiary flows and, more particularly, to dust-from-gas separating apparatus of this type.
  • a jet flow from a nozzle tangentially introducing secondary air entrains dust particles from an axial primary raw-gas flow.
  • This secondary jet flow forms an outer potential flow.
  • This potential flow is caught before it can flow into an annular back-pressure or quiescent zone, as manifested for example by a dustenriched ring space, and is directed instead into a collector space from which the dust is discharged.
  • dust-laden smoke-gas enters axially into a processing container through an inlet duct, and a circulating flow is excited by blowin a medium, such as air, into the container through respective tangential ducts or injection nozzles which are downwardly inclined.
  • a medium such as air
  • the resulting ring-shaped ilow of gas constitutes a rough ground of the flow system, for seperating dust from the raw smoke gas.
  • I relating to an apparatus of the above-mentioned type, particularly for dust separation from a raw gas, I provide a series of secondary air injection nozzles, and a flow-line or stream-lined body located immediately beyond the last secondary-air injection nozzle of the nozzle series, considered in the flow direction of the raw gas.
  • This stream-lined body is preferably of annular shape, and serves to build up the pressure at its location in an inward radial direction, and thus increases the peripheral component and width of the outer potential flow.
  • 1 provide one or more auxiliary secondary-air nozzles, each effecting an increase in speed of the main jet flow.
  • auxiliary nozzles are positioned to inject air into a path which corresponds to the flow path of the main jet flow of secondary air, which preferably has a spiral or helical shape.
  • I further provide additional nozzles at the height of, or ahead of, a stream-line body located at the rawgas outlet, these additional nozzles serving to overcome the friction loss between the raw-gas flow and the nozzle main g'et flow which attains a high dust concentration, e.g. about 500 grams/Nrn. (Nm. representing one cubic meter of gas at 0 C. and 1 atm. pressure at sea level).
  • FIG. 1 is an axial sectional view of a dust separator according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged horizontal cross section along the line llll indicated in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a section taken along the line Ill-ill in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4a is an axial section through part of. a modified dust separator otherwise similar to FIG. 1.
  • FlG. 4b is an axial section of another modification.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show two further modifications in a dust separator otherwise similar to that of FIG. 1.
  • Solid ground This denotes, for example, a plate which extends transverse to the flow direction, upon which the flow impinges perpendicularly, and which deflects the flow. W hen this plate is given roughness a rough ground is involved.
  • Deformed plane is a spatial plane, for example, the surface of a water eddy which narrows downwardly in conical shape.
  • the occurring secondary flow receives its energy from the shearing forces which the primary flow exerts upon any wall portions, for example upon the lateral walls, and on the so-called grounc Without friction at boundary sura faces, no secondary flow can take place. With increased friction at the boundary surfaces, the shearing forces adjacent to the wall are increased and the resulting secondary flow is likewise increased.
  • the original or impressed primary flow always becomes superimposed by a secondary flow as soon as any surfaces, for example the side walls or the ground, limiting the flowing medium produce an appreciable amount of friction. In practice, this is always the case to a greater or lesser extent.
  • a secondary flow may dissipate energy at a rough surface to a tertiary flow, whereby of course the formation of the secondary flow is subjected to modification.
  • the distance of the vortex source from the solid bottom further depends upon the roughness of the bottom which, physically, constitutes the solid ground.
  • the excitation energy for the tertiary flow, taken from the secondary flow, increases with increasing roughness as will readily be understood from the foregoing explanations. Consequently the position and Shape of the vortex source can be predetermined by the design of the rough ground.
  • a concave ground imparts to the vortex source a shape contracted in the radial direction.
  • a convex design of the ground results in deformation of the vortex source to a fuller shape radially expanded outwardly. In the latter case the vortex source closely approaches the external primary flow extending helically downward.
  • the consideration of the resulting vortex sinks and vortex sources facilitate understanding the relative forces referred to in this disclosure.
  • the vortex sink forming itself at the bottom of the processing vessel is comparable with the vortex sink occurring when draining liquid through a drain pipe.
  • the rotating velocity of the'fluid particles increases when the particles approach the vortex filament, .a phenomenon often observable when draining Water from a bathtub.
  • the peripheral velocity of the particles decreases gradually with increasing distance from the vortex source.
  • the vortex filament extends between the vortex sink and the vortex source. While in a drainpipe there occurs a downwardly directed helical motion, the flow conditions here of interest have a vortex filament which, as explained, extends upwardly.
  • the resulting flow-field picture is such that the peripheral speed of the fluid particles at first increases with increasing distance from the center of the vortex filament of the circulatory flow
  • the imaginary horizontal sections in the vicinity of the top surface offer information about the particle motion on inwardly and outwardly directed spiral paths upon which an acceleration on the one hand, and a deceleration on the other hand is obtained.
  • the peripheral velocity therefore, must change spontaneously as the particle enter-s into the vortex source.
  • centrifugal force which has the same direction as the relative force in the vortex source but which is opposed to the relative force in the vortex sink.
  • This sinusoidal force in accordance with a further feature of the invention, can be taken advantage of by virtue of the fact that it manifests itself, for example in air flows, as infra-sonic action and causes a viscosity increase by orders of magnitude, as will be further explained hereinbelow. As a result, for example when applying this phenomenon in a suitable boiler firing system, the combustion is considerably promoted.
  • the dust separator vessel according to FIG. 1 is provided with a cylindrical jacket 1 of sheet metal which communicates with a raw-gas inlet conduit 2 at the bottom of the jacket.
  • the exit opening from inlet conduit 2 into the jacket 1 is formed by a streamlined ring shaped body 3 whose walls and outer diameter widen in the upward direction so as to make it tulip shaped.
  • a jet of secondary air is injected into the gas flow within the processing space of the jacket 1 by means of a nozzle s.
  • This nozzle e is downwardly inclined toward the jacket 1 and also extends tangentially to the main-gas flow. Consequently, the secondary-air jet issuing from nozzle 6 travels on a spiral or helical path schematically indicated at 7. This path extends through the separator space 3 into the collector space 9 of the separator.
  • the air entering at 6 is heavily laden with dust particles, at a concentration of from 500 to 750 grams per cubic meter at normal conditions of temperature and pressure.
  • a streamlined ring-shaped body 10 which has an inner and outer ring portion defining a ring-shaped recess 11 which widens upwardly in diffuser fashion. This channel or recess lit receives the waste portion of the secondary air issuing from the nozzle 6.
  • the recess 11 is located at a place of maximum pressure, as is schematically indicated at 14 by a curved dotted line which denotes the varying pressure across the radial width of the ring body 10.
  • the jet from nozzle 6 entrains dust, and a portion of the waste flow therefrom is forced into the (llffLlSEI' recess 11, which directs it into a conduit to recycle this dustladen air flow back into the separator by reversing its flow direction 180 or more.
  • the recess space ill is connected with the raw-gas inlet duct 2 by the dust discharge pipe or conduit 12a, or alternately it is connected by a dust discharge pipe 12b with the separator space 8, or, as shown in FIG. 1, all the above-mentioned connections may be provided simultaneously.
  • a catch nozzle may be provided between the dust lines 12:: or 12!; and the conduit 2 or the separator vessel ii.
  • the ring body 10 can be given any suitable inner diameter, the separation between the clean gas at 5 and the dust laden gas at 11 being improved with smaller inner diameters of ring body 10.
  • the ring body At its tail or outlet side relative to the direction of the gas how, the ring body It; is provided with a diffuser like tail portion 13 for recovering or reestablishing the ⁇ desired pressure of clean gas flow 5.
  • auxiliary nozzles 15 are therefore provided at spaced locations along the helical course of the flow 7 from main nozzle 6.
  • the velocity of the air entering with entrained dust from nozzle 6 normally would tend to decrease with increasing distance from nozzle 6, While the velocity of the dust, being heavier would not decrease as rapidly as the air velocity.
  • the auxiliary nozzles 15' serve to again accelerate the specifically lighter medium, for example the main nozzle air back to the local speed of the specifically heavier and thus leading medium, such as the dust particles. Consequently, at each of the nozzles 15, of which the effect of only one is illustrated by velocity vector arrows of equal length at 150, the speed of the specifically lighter particles or medium again corresponds to the speed of the specifically heavier particles.
  • the respectively dillerent velocities of air and dust particles Within the main nozzle flow path '7, laden with dust, are schematically indicated by arrows of respectively different lengths at the individual nozzle injection points 15a, lb'b and He.
  • the vector arrows indicating air velocity are attached to white dots and the vector or rows indicating dust particle velocity are attached to black dots.
  • the specifically lighter particles or medium still have the same speed as the specifically heavier particles.
  • the location 1519 have advanced in relative velocity.
  • the heavier particles again have the same velocity as the specifically lighter air maximrn.
  • auxiliary nozzles 15 on a spiral-shaped path corresponding to the travel path 7 of the nozzle main jet, causing a speed increase of the nozzle main jet '7
  • the specifically heavier particles within the nozzle main jet 7 lead the specifically lighter air flow in velocity due to the greater inertia of the particles. Consequently these heavier particles, due to the retardation of the air current in the flow are, so to say, carried into a region of static overpressure.
  • the auxiliary nozzles 15 mounted in a spiral arrangement impart to the air current of the jet flow 7 such an acceleration that, at each of the respective nozzle injection points 15a, 15b, 150, the specifically lighter particles again attain the speed of the specifically heavier particles.
  • the path 7 of the injected main flow leaves the separator space 8 and enters into a quiescent region 16 before it passes into the collector space 9 of the separator.
  • An additional nozzle 17 is provided, directed into space 9, for supplementing the energy loss consumed by friction between the raw-gas flow 4 to 5 and the injected main flow 7 which is enriched with dust in high concentration (500 to 750 g. Nmfi). between dust line 12a or 12b and conduit 2 and serves to advance the dust-enriched quantity into the collector space 9.
  • a first dust cone 18, promoting the separation is formed within space 9 by the interacting flow currents.
  • a second dust cone 20 forms itself.
  • This streamlined body 19, also called a Dobbas has a tear drop or onion-shaped downstream tip so that the tip angle formed is as close as possible to zero, as in the known Joukowski type vane.
  • the nozzle main flow 7 After the nozzle main flow 7 has passed by the first one of the mutually closely spaced nozzle injection points, as seen in the flow direction of the raw gas, it enters into the so-called quiescent region 16, mentioned above, in which no excitation of the flow takes place.
  • the tear drop-shaped streamlined body (called Dobbas) mounted at or ahead of the raw-gas outlet,
  • AR radial width of the ring-shaped body outside.
  • the energy requirements are greatly reduced, not only with respect to the input pressure of the secondary air nozzles 6, 15 but also with The additional catch nozzle 17 is located
  • a streamlined body is positioned respect to the quantity of air passing through the nozzles.
  • Another advantage of the invention is the fact that the angle of inclination of the secondary-air nozzles 6, 15 produce the nozzle main jet flow 7, can be chosen shallower, i.e. less steep, than with the method according to the above-mentioned copending application Serial No. 835,886. vThis results in an increased peripheral speed.
  • the'inclination angle oz of the nozzles 6 may be 35 or even 30 in lieu of the 40 according to the prior application.
  • guide vanes 22 Located in the raw-gas inlet duct 2 are guide vanes 22 (FIGS. 1, 2) which pre-excite a potential flow in the 'raw gas. These guide vanes 22 constitute additional means for reducing the secondary-air energy.
  • the structure and shape of the guide vanes 22 is shown in plan view in 'FIG. 2.
  • a cylindrical tube 24 which interconnects the vanes is provided inthe center of duct 2.
  • the radial cross section of each of the guide vanes 22 increases toward the outer conduit wall 2.
  • -A good relative-vortex formation 25 is thus obtained between each of the guide vanes 22.
  • These vortices 25 are the starting points of a dust-conveying flow 250, called the dust helix, which issues from exit opening 3 of conduit 2.
  • the upstream side of the guide vanes 22, as shown in FIG. 3, is given a sharp edge at 26 so that a lancet-shaped or double-edged curved cross section 23- will result.
  • the guide vanes 22 fill the tubular cross section only over the width of the annulus between 24 and 2, so as to always leave a portion of the cross section free for unimpeded passage of the gas flow.
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b show two modified embodiments of a particular construction of the hollow-ring recess 11 at the upstream side of the ring body 10 for guiding the waste-air flow 12 from the secondary-air nozzles 6 and 15.
  • the same reference characters are used as in FIG. 1 for respectively corresponding components.
  • the ring-shaped recess 11 which has an undercut shape constitutes a trough which isopen in a direction opposed to the'flow direction of the raw gas.
  • the ring body 16 is provided with a tulip-shaped edge portion 10a which tapers down radially inwardly and upwardly and is rounded for better guidance of the waste flow 12 from the jet coming from the side air nozzles 6.
  • a hollow cylindrical insert 3% is mounted in jacket 1 ahead of the ring body 10, seen in the direction of the raw-gas flow.
  • the insert 30 has a bulging ring portion 31 of lentil-shaped cross section which protrudes into the recess 11.
  • the secondary-air nozzle 6 is inserted at a location between the insert 3%) and the bulge 31.
  • the main jet 7 'fromnozzle 6 moves, in opposition to the raw-gas flow, downwardly on its helical path (FIG. 1), a waste flow current 12 tion and passes down back into the separator space 8 through a ring space 32 between insert 30 and jacket 1.
  • the ring space 32 widens in the flow direction to act as a diffuser.
  • This builtup pressure effects a stabilization of the nozzle main jet flow 7, an increase in pressure down to the lower portion of the dust collecting and discharging space, and thereby a better discharge of the separated medium.
  • a flow-guiding body 33 may be mounted at a distance I: from the ring body 18.
  • this body 53 the radial component of the flow through jacket 1 around body 33 can be increased.
  • the flow which extends spirally and radially in the inward direction converts within the annular gap between the ring body and the guiding body 33 from a logarithmic to an arithmetic spiral so that a better separation of the particles from the carrier medium takes place.
  • the pressure which is built up in the annular gap from the inner toward the outer side causes a deflection along path 12 of the jet waste flow in the radially upward direction and back through space 32 into the potential flow.
  • the hollow cylindrical insert 30 of FIG. 4a with its bulging portion is substituted by a ring 31 of generally oval cross section which is located in the recess 11.
  • the secondary-air nozzle 6 is inserted into the wall of the separator in the same manner as in the embodiment according to FIG. 1.
  • the current of waste air 12a after being first deflected from the jet path 7 as it issues from the nozzle outlet at a, passes first in the radially outward direction, then along the inner side of the recess 11 and, after being again subjected to a directional change at the location 49, passes into the injected main flow 7. This causes an additional accumulation of dust in the waste flow, this dust being entrained by the main flow 7 and conveyed away therewith.
  • the static pressure at the nozzle outlet opening 15a is high so that the waste flow current follows a stable path.
  • Another portion 12b of the nozzle waste flow may also flow in multiple turns about the clean-gas outlet opening 5 through the recess 11 around the body 10, and can then be carried away together with the main flow 7, as shown at 12c.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show another structural embodiment and modification of the ring-shaped recess 11.
  • the clean-gas outlet conduit 34 protruding into the separator space S, is provided with a streamlined cross section, whereas the outer side of the diffuserlike recess space 11 is formed by the inwardly curved tapering wall in (FIG. 6) or the outwardly curved widening wall 1b (FIG. 5) of the dust separator vessel.
  • FIG. 6 additionally stabilizes the Waste flow and is generally preferable to a device with a widening outlet opening such as 1b (FIG. 5).
  • a dust-from-gas separator apparatus for separating dust entrained in a raw gas, said apparatus comprising a conduit vessel defining a cylindrical vessel space having an inlet at one end and an outlet at the other end, said inlet and outlet defining therebetween a primary flow axis for fluid flow through said vessel space; duct means for introducing said raw gas containing said dust into said inlet along said primary flow axis, a plurality of nozzles disposed around said vessel and terminating at the inner wall surface thereof, said nozzles each having a direction generally tangential to the vessel wall and inclined relative to said primary flow axis for injecting gaseous fluid into said vessel along a main helical flow path in directions around said primary flow axis, said nozzle directions each having a component along said axis toward said inlet so that said main helical flow path superimposes upon the primary flow a rotational secondary flow coaxial with said primary flow axis and forms in said vessel space a vortex sink and a vortex source spaced from each other along
  • Apparatus for handling solid particle material by entrainment in iiuid and for separating said particle n1aterial from said fluid comprising a cylindrical conduit vessel having an inlet at one end and an outlet at the other end, said inlet and outlet defining therebetween a primary flow axis for liuid flow through said vessel space; means for introducing fluid containing solid particle material into said inlet and along said primary flow axis, a plurality of nozzles mounted on said vessel and terminating at the inner wall surface thereof, said nozzles each having a direction generally tangential to the vessel wall and inclined relative to said primary flow axis so as to define a main helical flow path around said axis for injecting fiuid into said vessel along said main helical iioW path, said nozzle directions each having a component along said axis toward said inlet so that said main helical flow path superimposes upon said primary flow path a rotational secondary flow path coaxial with said primary flow path and forms in said space
  • a dust-irom-gas separator apparatus for separating dust entrained in a raw gas, said apparatus comprising I a conduit vessel defining a vessel space and having an inlet conduit for introducing dust-laden raw gas into the vessel and an outlet conduit for discharge of clean gas therefrom, said inlet and outlet conduits being coaxially arranged spaced from each other for passage of the g through the vessel space, said inlet and outlet conduits defining together a primary-flow axis extending through said fiowrof the gas in said space a circulatory secondary flow, said agitating means comprising a plurality of nozzles mounted on said vessel and terminating at the inner'w'all surface thereof, said nozzles each having a direction generally tangential to the vessel wall and inclined relative to said primary flow axis so asto define a main helical flow path around said axis for injecting gaseous fluid along said main helical flow path into said vessel space, said nozzle directions each having a component along said axis toward said inlet conduit so that said agit
  • said vessel having means forming a main helical path comprising a streamlined ring-shaped body mounted in said vessel coaxial with said primary flow axis and beyond the last of said nozzles considered in the direction toward said outlet conduit for increasing toward said primary flow axis the pressure in the vicinity of said last nozzle while simultaneously increasing the peripheral component and width of said potential flow, said plurality of nozzles including at least one auxiliary nozzle arranged to inject gaseous fluid into said main helical flow path to increase the velocity of said secondary flow, said vessel having'means forming a collector space at the lower portion thereof for accumulation of the dust, and discharge duct means extending outwardly from said collector space for discharge of the dust therefrom.
  • a dust-from-gas separator apparatus for separating dust entrained in a raw gas, said apparatus comprising a conduit vessel defining a vessel space-and having an inlet conduit for introducing dust-laden raw gas into the vessel and an outlet conduit for discharge of clean gas therefrom, said inlet and outlet conduits being coaxially arranged spaced from each other for passage of the gas through the vessel space, said inlet and outlet conduits defining together a primary-flow axis extending through said vessel space, agitating means for imparting to the primary flow ofthe gas in said space a circulatory secondary flow, said agitating means comprising a plurality of nozzles mounted on said vessel and terminating at the inner wall surface thereof, said nozzles each having a direction generally tangential to the vessel wall and inclined relative to said primary flow axis so as to define a main helical flow path around said axis for injecting gaseous fluid along said main helical flow path into said vessel space, said nozzle directions each having a cornponent along said axis toward said in
  • a dust-from-gas separator apparatus for separating dust entrained in a raw gas, said apparatus comprising a conduit vessel defining a vessel space and having an inlet conduitfor introducing dust-laden raw gas into the vessel and an outlet conduit for discharge of clean gas therefrom, said inlet and outlet conduits being coaxially arranged spaced from each other forpassage of thegas through the vessel space, said inletjand outlet; conduits defining together a primary-flow axis extending through said vessel space, agitating means for imparting to the primary flow of the gas in said space a circulatory secondary flow, said agitating means comprising a plurality of nozzles mounted on said vessel and terminating at the inner wall surface thereof, said nozzles each having a direction generally tangential to the vessel wall and inclined relative to said primary flow axis so asto define a main helical flow path around said axis for injecting gaseous fluid along said main helical flow path into said vessel space in directions inclined relative to the primary flow axis, said nozzle directions each
  • a dust-from-gas separator apparatus for separating dust entrained in a raw gas, said apparatus comprising a conduit vessel defining a vessel space and having an inlet conduit for introducing dust-laden raw gas into the vessel and an outlet conduit for discharge of clean gas therefrom, said inlet and outlet conduits being coaxially arranged spaced from each other for passage of the gas through the vessel space, said inlet and outlet conduits defining together a primary-flow axis extending through said vessel space, agitating means for imparting to the primary flow of the gas in said space a circulatory secondary flow, said agitating means comprising a plurality of nozzles mounted on said vessel and terminating at the inner wall surface thereof, said nozzles each having a direction generally tangential to the vessel wall and inclined relative to said primary flow axis so as to define a main helical flow path around said axis for injecting gaseous fluid along said main helical flow path into said vessel space, said nozzle directions each having a compo nent along said axis toward
  • a dust-trom-gas separator apparatus for separating dust intrained in a raw gas, said apparatus comprising a conduit vessel defining a vessel space and having an inlet conduit for introducing dust-laden raw gas into the vessel and an outlet conduit for discharge of clean gas therefrom, said inlet and outlet conduits being coaxially arranged spaced from each other for passage of the gas through the vessel space, said inlet and outlet conduits defining together a primary-flow axis extending through said vessel space, agitating means for imparting to the primary fiow of the gas in said space a circulatory secondary flow, said agitating means comprising a plurality of nozzles mounted on said vessel and terminating at the inner wall surface thereof, said nozzles each having a direction generally tangential to the vessel wall and inclined relative to said primary flow axis so as to define a main helical flow path around said axis for injecting gaseous fluid along said main helical iiow path into said vessel space, said nozzle directions each having a component along said axi
  • Apparatus according to claim 7 and including a waste gas discharge line extending outwardly from said recess and connected for introducing dust-laden gas from said recess back into said vessel.
  • said waste gas discharge line connecting said recess with said raw gas inlet duct for introducing dust-laden gas from said recess back into said vessel.
  • Apparatus according to claim 8 further defined in that said body is provided with an outwardly curved tulipshaped edge at said recess for improved guidance of the waste stray flow from said nozzles into said recess.
  • a dust-from-gas separator apparatus for separating dust entrained in a raw gas, said apparatus comprising a conduit vessel defining a vessel space and having an inlet conduit for introducing dust-laden raw gas into the vessel and an outlet conduit for discharge of clean gas therefrom, said inlet and outlet conduits being coaxially arranged spaced from each other for passage of the gas through the vessel space, said inlet and outlet conduits defining together a primary-flow axis extending through said vessel space, agitating means for imparting to the primary flow of the gas in said space a circulatory secondary flow, said agitating means comprising a plurality of nozzles mounted on said vessel and terminating at the inner wall surface thereof, said nozzles each having a direction generally tangential to the vessel wall and inclined relative to said primary flow axis so as to define a main helical flow path around said axis for injecting gaseous fluid along said main helical flow path into said vessel space, said nozzle directions each having a component along said axis toward said inlet conduit
  • a dust-from-gas separator apparatus for separating dust entrained in a raw gas, said apparatus comprising a conduit vessel defining a vessel space and having an inlet conduit for introducing dust-laden raw gas into the vessel and an outlet conduit for clischarge'of clean gas therefrom, said inlet and outlet conduits being coaxially arranged spaced from each other for passage of the gas through the vessel space, said inlet and outlet conduits defining together a primary-flow axis extending through said vessel space, agitating means for imparting to the primary flow of the gas in said space a circulatory secondary flow, said agitating means comprising a plurality of nozzles mounted on said vessel and terminating at the inner wall surface thereof, said nozzles each having a direction generally tangential to the vessel wall and inclined relative to said primary flow axis so as to define a main helical flow path around said axis for injecting gaseous fluid along said main helical flow path into said vessel space, said nozzle directions each having a component along said axis toward
  • a dustfromgas separator apparatus for separating dust entrained in a raw gas, said apparatus comprising a conduit vessel defining a vessel space and having an inlet conduit for introducing dust-laden raw gas into the vessel and an outlet conduit for discharge of clean gas therefrom, said inlet and outlet conduits being coaxially arranged spaced from each other for passage of the gas through the vessel space, said inlet and outlet conduits defining together a primary-flow axis extending through said vessel space, agitating means for imparting to the primary flow of the gas in said space a circulatory secondary flow, said agitating means comprising a plurality of nozzles mounted on said vessel and terminating at the inner wall surface thereof, said nozzles each having a direction generally tangential to the vessel wall and inclined relative to said primary flow axis so as to define a main helical flow path around said axis for injecting gaseous fluid along said main helical flow path into said vessel space, said nozzle directions each having a component along said axis toward said inlet conduit in opposition
  • a dust-from-gas separator apparatus for separatingidust entrained in a raw gas, said apparatus comprising a conduit vessel defining a vessel space and having an inlet conduit for introducing dust-laden raw gas into the vessel and an outlet conduit for discharge of clean gas therefrom, said inlet and outlet conduits being coaxially arranged spaced from each other for passage of the gas through the'vessel space, said inlet and outlet conduits defining together a primary-flow axis extending through said vesssel space, agitating means for imparting to the primary flow of the gas in said space a circulatory secondary flow, said agitating means comprising a plurality of nozzles mounted on said vessel and terminating at the inner wall surface thereof, said nozzles each having a direction generally angential to the vesssel wall and inclined relative to said primary flow axis so as to define a main helical flow path around said axis for injecting gaseous fluid alon said main helical flow path into said vessel space, said nozzle directions each having a
  • a dust-from-gas separator apparatus for separat ing dust entrained in a raw gas, said apparatus comprising a conduit vessel defining a vessel space and having an inlet conduit for introducing dust-laden raw gas into the vesssel and an outlet conduit for discharge of clean gas therefrom, said inlet and outlet conduits being coaxially arranged spaced from each other for passage of the gas through the vessel space, said inlet and outlet conduits defining together a primary-flow axis extending through said vesssel space, agitating means for imparting to the primary flow of the gas in said space a circulatory secondary flow, said agitatin means comprising a plurality of nozzles mounted on said vessel and terminating at the inner Wall surface thereof, said nozzles each having a direction generally tangential to the vessel Wall and inclined relative to said primary-flow axis so as to define a main helical flow path for injecting gaseous fluid along said main helical flow path into said vessel space,
  • said nozzle directions each having a component along said axis toward said inlet conduit in opposition to said primary flow so that said agitating means superimpose upon said primary flow in said vessel space a rotational sec ondary flow coaxial with said primary flow and forming in said space a vortex sink and a vortex source spaced from each other along said primary flow axis, whereby gas-entrained dust particles are caused to concentrate in potential flow on helical travel paths having components along the primary flow direction due to fluid-internal relative forces, means for reducing the energy requirements of the nozzle injection along said main helical path comprising a streamlined ring-shaped body mounted in said vessel coaxial with said primary flow axis and beyond the last of said nozzles considered in the direction toward said outlet conduit for increasing toward said primary flow axis the pressure in the vicinity of said last nozzle while simultaneously increasing the peripheral component and Width of said potential flow, said plurality of nozzles including auxiliary nozzles helically positioned on the vessel around said primary flow axis directed along a path

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
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US98604A 1960-03-25 1961-03-27 Apparatus for mixing and separating substances of different mass-inertia Expired - Lifetime US3199270A (en)

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DES67735A DE1244120B (de) 1960-03-25 1960-03-25 Drehstroemungswirbler zum Abscheiden fester oder fluessiger Teilchen aus Gasen

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Cited By (18)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3358844A (en) * 1965-08-17 1967-12-19 Siemens Ag Device for increasing the total amount of separation of a vortex separator
US3396511A (en) * 1965-03-20 1968-08-13 Siemens Ag Vortex separator for solid or liquid aerosols or the like
US3466853A (en) * 1967-01-07 1969-09-16 Siemens Ag Air cleaner for internal combustion engines
US3477569A (en) * 1965-03-18 1969-11-11 Siemens Ag Vortex type separator and collector system
US3535850A (en) * 1966-10-28 1970-10-27 Hans J P Von Ohain Centrifugal particle separator
US3641743A (en) * 1968-03-13 1972-02-15 Siemens Ag Tornado-flow apparatus for separating particulate substance from gases, particularly adhesive liquids from gases
US3643800A (en) * 1969-05-21 1972-02-22 Bo Gustav Emil Mansson Apparatus for separating solids in a whirling gaseous stream
US3676987A (en) * 1970-07-27 1972-07-18 United Aircraft Prod Water separator
US3851404A (en) * 1966-03-10 1974-12-03 Siemens Ag Apparatus for drying particulate matter with gaseous media
US4689052A (en) * 1986-02-19 1987-08-25 Washington Research Foundation Virtual impactor
US5096467A (en) * 1986-05-09 1992-03-17 Japan Air Curtain Company, Ltd. Artificial tornado generating mechanism and method of utilizing generated artificial tornados
US6176900B1 (en) * 1996-06-24 2001-01-23 Rombout Adriaan Swanborn Method and device for treating of a gas/liquid admixture
EP1658891A1 (de) * 2004-10-22 2006-05-24 Alstom Technology Ltd Wirbelschichtreaktor mit einem Zyklonabscheider
WO2011153151A1 (en) * 2010-06-01 2011-12-08 Shell Oil Company Low emission power plant
US8663369B2 (en) 2010-06-01 2014-03-04 Shell Oil Company Separation of gases produced by combustion
US8858679B2 (en) 2010-06-01 2014-10-14 Shell Oil Company Separation of industrial gases
US8858680B2 (en) 2010-06-01 2014-10-14 Shell Oil Company Separation of oxygen containing gases
US10369503B2 (en) * 2016-06-08 2019-08-06 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Particle separation system

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FR2409076A1 (fr) * 1977-11-22 1979-06-15 Soc Lab Sarl Perfectionnements aux procedes et appareils pour le traitement centrifuge des fluides renfermant des impuretes en suspension
DE2837988A1 (de) * 1978-08-31 1980-03-13 Ght Hochtemperaturreak Tech Kohlevergasung
DE19738248A1 (de) * 1997-09-02 1998-12-03 Daimler Benz Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbesserung der Ölabscheidung aus einem Motorraum einer Brennkraftmaschine

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FR374890A (fr) * 1907-02-20 1907-06-25 Max Woitzuck Collecteur extincteur d'étincelles pour cheminées de locomotives ou autres
US887893A (en) * 1907-12-30 1908-05-19 Peter M Wickstrum Spark-arrester.
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US2153026A (en) * 1937-09-04 1939-04-04 John K Ringius Dust collector
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US2771962A (en) * 1953-01-29 1956-11-27 Bituminous Coal Research Recycling, pressurized vortical whirl separator, concentrator and ash storage systemfor powdered coal-burning gas turbine power plants
US2873815A (en) * 1955-12-05 1959-02-17 Swayze Rue Elston Apparatus for purifying exhaust gases

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AT141714B (de) * 1932-08-13 1935-05-10 Eugene Camille Saint-Jacques Vorrichtung zum Auslesen und zur Scheidung von festen, in einem gasförmigen Medium schwebenden schwereren Teilchen von den leichteren.
NL43657C (nl) * 1936-11-19 1938-07-15 Cyclooafscheider voor het afscheiden van vloeistofdruppels en stofdeeltjes uit stroomende gassen of dampen
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FR374890A (fr) * 1907-02-20 1907-06-25 Max Woitzuck Collecteur extincteur d'étincelles pour cheminées de locomotives ou autres
US887893A (en) * 1907-12-30 1908-05-19 Peter M Wickstrum Spark-arrester.
FR447802A (fr) * 1911-08-31 1913-01-16 Gustav Gross Pare-étincelles, à tuyère à vapeur ou à gaz inclinée par rapport à l'axe de la cheminée
US2153026A (en) * 1937-09-04 1939-04-04 John K Ringius Dust collector
US2252581A (en) * 1938-05-25 1941-08-12 Saint-Jacques Eugene Camille Selector
BE525985A (en)) * 1953-01-24
US2771962A (en) * 1953-01-29 1956-11-27 Bituminous Coal Research Recycling, pressurized vortical whirl separator, concentrator and ash storage systemfor powdered coal-burning gas turbine power plants
US2873815A (en) * 1955-12-05 1959-02-17 Swayze Rue Elston Apparatus for purifying exhaust gases

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3477569A (en) * 1965-03-18 1969-11-11 Siemens Ag Vortex type separator and collector system
US3396511A (en) * 1965-03-20 1968-08-13 Siemens Ag Vortex separator for solid or liquid aerosols or the like
US3358844A (en) * 1965-08-17 1967-12-19 Siemens Ag Device for increasing the total amount of separation of a vortex separator
US3851404A (en) * 1966-03-10 1974-12-03 Siemens Ag Apparatus for drying particulate matter with gaseous media
US3535850A (en) * 1966-10-28 1970-10-27 Hans J P Von Ohain Centrifugal particle separator
US3466853A (en) * 1967-01-07 1969-09-16 Siemens Ag Air cleaner for internal combustion engines
US3641743A (en) * 1968-03-13 1972-02-15 Siemens Ag Tornado-flow apparatus for separating particulate substance from gases, particularly adhesive liquids from gases
US3643800A (en) * 1969-05-21 1972-02-22 Bo Gustav Emil Mansson Apparatus for separating solids in a whirling gaseous stream
US3676987A (en) * 1970-07-27 1972-07-18 United Aircraft Prod Water separator
US4689052A (en) * 1986-02-19 1987-08-25 Washington Research Foundation Virtual impactor
US5096467A (en) * 1986-05-09 1992-03-17 Japan Air Curtain Company, Ltd. Artificial tornado generating mechanism and method of utilizing generated artificial tornados
US6176900B1 (en) * 1996-06-24 2001-01-23 Rombout Adriaan Swanborn Method and device for treating of a gas/liquid admixture
EP1658891A1 (de) * 2004-10-22 2006-05-24 Alstom Technology Ltd Wirbelschichtreaktor mit einem Zyklonabscheider
WO2011153151A1 (en) * 2010-06-01 2011-12-08 Shell Oil Company Low emission power plant
US8597404B2 (en) 2010-06-01 2013-12-03 Shell Oil Company Low emission power plant
US8663369B2 (en) 2010-06-01 2014-03-04 Shell Oil Company Separation of gases produced by combustion
US8858679B2 (en) 2010-06-01 2014-10-14 Shell Oil Company Separation of industrial gases
US8858680B2 (en) 2010-06-01 2014-10-14 Shell Oil Company Separation of oxygen containing gases
US10369503B2 (en) * 2016-06-08 2019-08-06 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Particle separation system

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BE601698R (fr) 1961-09-25
GB985983A (en) 1965-03-10
DE1244120B (de) 1967-07-13
NL261844A (en))

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