Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
  • D06M13/402—Amides imides, sulfamic acids
  • D06M13/432—Urea, thiourea or derivatives thereof, e.g. biurets; Urea-inclusion compounds; Dicyanamides; Carbodiimides; Guanidines, e.g. dicyandiamides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/21—Urea; Derivatives thereof, e.g. biuret
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/36—Sulfur-, selenium-, or tellurium-containing compounds
  • C08K5/39—Thiocarbamic acids; Derivatives thereof, e.g. dithiocarbamates
  • C08K5/40—Thiurams, i.e. compounds containing groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/36—Sulfur-, selenium-, or tellurium-containing compounds
  • C08K5/39—Thiocarbamic acids; Derivatives thereof, e.g. dithiocarbamates
  • C08K5/405—Thioureas; Derivatives thereof
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
  • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
  • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
  • D01F1/09—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt for making electroconductive or anti-static filaments
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S260/00—Chemistry of carbon compounds
  • Y10S260/15—Antistatic agents not otherwise provided for
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S260/00—Chemistry of carbon compounds
  • Y10S260/15—Antistatic agents not otherwise provided for
  • Y10S260/16—Antistatic agents containing a metal, silicon, boron or phosphorus
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S260/00—Chemistry of carbon compounds
  • Y10S260/15—Antistatic agents not otherwise provided for
  • Y10S260/17—High polymeric, resinous, antistatic agents
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S260/00—Chemistry of carbon compounds
  • Y10S260/15—Antistatic agents not otherwise provided for
  • Y10S260/19—Non-high polymeric antistatic agents/n
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S260/00—Chemistry of carbon compounds
  • Y10S260/21—Polymer chemically or physically modified to impart antistatic properties and methods of antistatic agent addition

Definitions

• Shaped articles of any kind of high molecular weight materials for example synthetic plastics, have a tendency towards electrostatic charging particularly when the material used possesses very good electric properties. Owingto this electrostatic charging these shaped articles, when used in practice, already exhibit dust deposits at the surface after a short time which deposits, in the case of .a strong electrostatic charging, show the wellknown zigzag design or crows feet. Owing to this strong electrostatic charging, moreover, sparking may occur on account of the great potential difference.
• this method also has the disadvantage that water content of the plastic articles is reversible, i.e. the anti-static effect is lost when storing the articles treated in this manner in a dry atmosphere.
• Nitrogen-containing compounds such as amines, amides, and quaternary ammonium salts
• the anti-static agents can be applied to the shaped articles made of plastics materials by treating them with a solution of said agents. They may, however, also be incorporated by admixing the respective agents to the plastics powder prior to its processing.
• An anti-static treatment by incorporating the anti-static agents has the advantage that it is possible at any time to finish high molecular weight materials on demand with anti-static agents also after their polymerization;
• the al-. ready known organic compounds that arecapable of being incorporated 'must in order to attain a suificient anti-static effect the al-. ready known organic compounds that arecapable of being incorporated 'must, however, be added in amounts which entail a modification of the characteristic properties of the plastics material such, for example, as a decrease of the temperature ranges suitable for the processing, a reduction of the hardness, the rigidity, the thermostability under load, a deterioration of the color, etc'.
• the compounds concerned are agents by whose incorporation the high molecular weight material finished therewith loses its physiological harmlessness.
• Another possibilty of rendering high molecular weight materials resistant to electrostatic charge consists in incorporating additives during the polymerization.
• This method has the disadvantages that the high molecular weight material is rendered resistant to electrostatic charge already in the manufacturing process, while the fabricator can in many cases decide only shortly before the final shaping whether an anti-static finishing is required for the desired purpose, or whether the slight deterioration of the electrical properties connected therewith is unwelcome.
• the hitherto known additives during the polymerization the characteristic properties of the materials, for example the absorption of water, the chemical resistance, toughness, and hardness are modified in many cases.
• hydrocarbon radicals may also be substituted, for example by halogens, amino groups, substituted amino groups, oxy groups, alk-oxy groups, thio ether, mercaptane groups, sulfonamide groups, carboxy alkyl groups, for ex ample the carboxylauryl groups, carboxycetal groups, etc., aryl groups or alkylaryl groups.
• the compounds described may be added to the plastics materials both as such and also as ammonium salts together with inorganic or, preferably, organic acids.
• Ureas or thio ureas in which R and R represent aliphatic radicals or H, generally have the best anti-static effect, above all in the case when R represents a methyl group and at least one of the radicals R rep-resents a longer alkyl radical such, for example, as the stearylor dodecyl radical.
• anti-static agents there may be used, for example, the following compounds without limiting the process to these compounds:
• urea and thio-urea for the subsequent anti-static finishing of finished fibers and filaments by spraying a solution or an aqueous dispersion on to the fibers and filaments has already been described.
• phosphoric acid-Nmethylstearylamide-diamide be used as an anti-static agent.
• this compound is an extremely effective agent it cannot be used in all fields of application with the same good success.
• phosphoric-acid N-methylstearylamide-diamide is water-soluble to a certain extent so that it is'less suited for the anti-static finishing of fabrics or shaped articles which, after :being processed, are often subjected to a Washing process.
• the working conditions and the temperature range in which the synthetic plastics can be shaped by a thermoplastic process remain the same. Moreover, the products are Well compatible with all polymers.
• the anti static effect that can be attained is independenet of the moisture of the surroundings and practically of an unlimited duration. Exudation was not observed.
• the surface does not become hydroscopic but remains unchanged.
• the electric properties of the polymers are, of course, influenced by the addition of antistatic agents for this constitutes their anti-static efiicacy.
• the deterioration of the specific transmissionand surface resistivity as well as of the dielectric properties is so trifling, however, that in most cases it is of no consequence even for the application of the polymers in the field of electrical engineering.
• the substituted ureas or thio-ureas can be added prior to or during the polymerization, and also later on to the pulverulent high molecular weight polymer as well as to the granular product.
• the ureas can be admixed in the melt, in solution and by application to the pulverulent or granular high molecular weight polymer.
• the admixture is most advantageously effected prior to or during the processing. It was found that the technique of incorporation is of little importance. It is important, however, that the anti-static agents are distributed in the synthetic plastic as evenly as possible.
• the high molecular weight polymers provided with an anti-static finishing can be processed by all customary processing methods, for example on molding presses, injection molding machines or extruders. From these high molecular weight polymer-s, therefore, there can be made compressionand injection-molded articles, semifinished goods, sheets, inflated hollow articles, tubes, fibers, filaments, monofilaments, etc.
• the resin admixed with the compounds mentioned above can be processed in the usual manner as resin varnish or casting resin or in combination with glass fibers and/or fillers.
• the high molecular weight polymers finished in this manner are especially interesting for packaging purposes (packing-material, canisters, bottles, beakers), as accessories for vacuum cleaners, band-conveyors, showroom patterns, and masters, parts for casings (for example for radioand television sets, vacuum cleaners), electric installations such as lighting fixtures, cable insulations, plugs, switches or armatures, air conditioning and ventilating equipments, plastics table ware, kitchen machinery, filaments, fibers, fabrics, sheets, lacquers, that is to say in all those cases in which an anti-static finishing is required.
• the anti-static effect of inorganic or organic compounds in high molecular weight materials can be determined most easily by means of cigarette ash.
• injectionor compression-molding are vigorously rubbed with a.- woollenclothfor .about .15 secondsandheld. about 2 mm. above a layer of cigarette ash.
• the extruded or molded plates have good anti-static properties, they do 6 homogenizing, the material was worked up into granules which were. processed.intominjection-molded plates.
• Examples 2, 4, 5, and 6 not attract cigarette ash.
• the anti- P Q hlgh liloleculal Welght p y static effect attainable is not restricted to the aforemen- Theiantl-stflilc agents P' amounts 'added'thereofi tioned compounds or to the combinations with plastics 3ndthe-te$ tre$1 11t$alellsted 111 Table I materials as described in Table 1; As anti-static agents The anti-Smile agents Incorporated 111 the follow there may be used with the same success also other comlng manner: pounds corresponding to the summation formula in the Example 1 description.
• polycarbonate polyacrylonitrile, a polyacrylic acid ester, a polymethacrylic acid ester, a polyamide, a polyurethane, a polyvinyl ester, a polyacetal, a polymer of a fluoroolcfin, a cellulosic polymer, an unsaturated polyester, and an epoxy resin, said plastic having incorporated therein and distributed therethrough, (b) 0.l-7% by weight, based on the plastic, of a compound of the formula:
• X is a radical selected from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur
• R is a radical selected from the group consisting of H
• CH R is an alkyl polymer which has a tendency to get dirty by attracting dust owing to electrostatic charging, which process consists essentially of incorporating an anti-static agent into said plastic in the course of its processing and distributing it substantially uniformly therethrough, said antistatic agent being present in said plastic in an amount of 0.1-7% by weight, based on the weight of the plastic, and having a chemical structure of the formula:
• R and R are r wherein X is a radical selected from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur, R is a radical selected from the group consisting of -H and CH R is an alkyl group containing 1 20 carbon atoms, and R and R are each selected from the group consisting of H, phenyl, and alkyl, the alkyl groups containing 1-20 carbon atoms each, and R and R may be substituted by a radical selected from the group consisting of an amino group, a hydroxy group, and a carbonyl group.
• said high molecular weight polymer isselected from the group consisting of polystyrene, a copolymer of styrene with butadiene, a copolymer of styrene with acrylonitrile, a copolymer of styrene with vinyl carbazole, polyvinyl chloride, a polyterephthalate, a polyolefin, a polycarbonate, polyacrylonitrile, a polyacrylic acid ester, a polymethacrylic acid ester, a polyamide, a polyurethane, a polyvinyl ester, a polyacetal, a polymer of a fluoroolefin, a cellulosic polymer, an unsaturated polyester, and an epoxy resin.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

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Cited By (22)

Citations (5)

• 0
  • NL NL272600D patent/NL272600A/xx unknown
• 1960
  • 1960-12-17 DE DE19601494008 patent/DE1494008A1/de active Pending
• 1961
  • 1961-12-11 US US158585A patent/US3190763A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1961-12-15 CH CH1449961A patent/CH409382A/de unknown
  • 1961-12-18 GB GB45336/61A patent/GB1014303A/en not_active Expired
  • 1961-12-18 BE BE611662A patent/BE611662A/fr unknown

Patent Citations (5)

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