US3182965A - Mixer - Google Patents

Mixer Download PDF

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Publication number
US3182965A
US3182965A US60917A US6091760A US3182965A US 3182965 A US3182965 A US 3182965A US 60917 A US60917 A US 60917A US 6091760 A US6091760 A US 6091760A US 3182965 A US3182965 A US 3182965A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
mixing elements
pipe
mixing
channels
mixer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US60917A
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English (en)
Inventor
Sluijters Robert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Akzona Inc
Original Assignee
American Enka Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by American Enka Corp filed Critical American Enka Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3182965A publication Critical patent/US3182965A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
    • D01D1/06—Feeding liquid to the spinning head
    • D01D1/065—Addition and mixing of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt; Homogenising
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/432—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction with means for dividing the material flow into separate sub-flows and for repositioning and recombining these sub-flows; Cross-mixing, e.g. conducting the outer layer of the material nearer to the axis of the tube or vice-versa
    • B01F25/4321—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction with means for dividing the material flow into separate sub-flows and for repositioning and recombining these sub-flows; Cross-mixing, e.g. conducting the outer layer of the material nearer to the axis of the tube or vice-versa the subflows consisting of at least two flat layers which are recombined, e.g. using means having restriction or expansion zones
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S425/00—Plastic article or earthenware shaping or treating: apparatus
    • Y10S425/049—Spinnerette mixer

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a liquid mixer, and relates more particularly to a liquid mixer having no movable parts and which is made up of a plurality of elements connected together to form the mixer.
  • Liquid mixers of the type with which the instant invention is concerned comprise a supply element, a discharge element and at least two mixing elements in between the supply element and the discharge element, with at least two channels formed by and running through said mixing elements.
  • the arrangement of the'exits of the mixing elements is different with relation to each other than the arrangement of the entrances so that each of the channels running through each mixing element lies, seen in the direction of the flow of the materials being mixed, in the prolongation of at least two channels in each preceding mixing element.
  • a special disadvantage may result from said leakage streams when mixing liquids of which the chemical composition changes in the course of time. This occurs, for example, when mixing viscose.
  • the leakage streams are faster than the mixing streams then layers of liquid with a decreased ripeness will be obtained.
  • the leakage streams are very much .material which were tightened against the mixing elements. Notwithstanding the fact that this gave a very complicated construction, there still occurred leakage to the outside or along the mixing elements, and especially between the dividing surfaces of said mixing elements.
  • Another object of this invention is the provision of an improved liquid mixer wherein a plurality of mixing elements are assembled in a cylindrical pipe in such a manner that leakage within the pipe and to the outside of the pipe is prevented without the necessity of heavy constructions or high sealing forces.
  • Still another object of this invention is the provision of novel mixing elements adapted to be employed within a cylindrical pipe to form the liquid mixer.
  • a further object of this invention is the provision of novel mixing elements made of elastomeric material.
  • Another object of this invention is the provision of novel mixing elements made of rubber.
  • the result of the upsetting of the elastomeric mixing elements is that they seal against each other and that they press against the inside wall of the pipe containing the same to such an extent that the outer mantles of the mixing elements form a completely liquid-tight seal with said wall.
  • mixing elements manufactured from elastomeric material, particularly rubber provide a satisfactory sealing with a smaller upsetting force than is the case with mixing elements made from other materials.
  • a possible explanation for this phenomenon may be that the upset elements hardly may deform any further as a result of an interior liquid pressure in the channels and consequently transmit the liquid pressure as if the elastomeric material itself were a liquid. As a result the liquid will 'not be able to develop leakage slits between the mixing elements. A consequence of this is that the mixer may be of a lighter construction and still be able to transmit the smaller upsetting force onto the mixing elements.
  • the shape of the outer mantle of the mixing elements and of the inner wall may be cylindrical with different shapes of the cross-section.
  • the shape of the cross-section may be square or rectangular dependent upon the course and the shape of the channels.
  • the outer mantles of the mixing elements and the pipe the form of a circular cylinder.
  • the mixing element will more uniformly expand in all cross directions during the application of the upsetting force, and will therefore lay itself also uniformly against the inner wall of the case.
  • the mixing elements are more stable in shape in case the outer mantle has a circular cylindrical shape.
  • the pipe may be manufacturedfrom commercially available precision pipe, whereby the diameters of the pipe and of the outer mantle simply may be so chosen in advance that the desired sealing and the joining all around against the pipe is already obtained with a low upsetting force.
  • the end surfaces are preferably provided with bosses and corresponding recesses.
  • bosses and corresponding recesses it has been found that it does not require exact positioning of the mixing elements relative to each other to cause the bosses of one mixing element to enter the corresponding recesses of the other mixing element. This can take place since the mixing elements are manufactured from a soft elastomeric material.
  • the boss and the recess deform to such a degree that they will fit into each other even if they are somewhat out of line with each other. Where a partial overlapping of the projecting contours occurs, large dead corners will occur between the mixing elements and liquid may accumulate in said corners.
  • FIGURE 1 is a view, partly in section, of the liquid mixer of this invention, without the mixing elements, showing in detail the end construction, it being understood that both end constructions are similar,
  • FIGURE 2 is a view taken on line 2-2 of FIGURE 1 in the direction of the arrows showing the end flange,
  • FIGURE 3 is a front view of a mixing element
  • FIGURE 4 is a vertical sectional view of the mixing element shown in FIGURE 3, and
  • FIGURE 5 is a rear view of the mixing element shown in FIGURE 3.
  • the reference numeral 1 indicates a housing in the form of a cylindrical pipe.
  • a flange such as flange 2 and flange 3
  • Flange 3 is provided with a series of holes, preferably eight in number, each of the holes being equidistant from each other and on a circle concentric with the circumference of the flange.
  • the said holes in the flange are alternately smooth bored, as shown at 4 in FIGURE 1 and threaded as shown at 5 in the same figure.
  • the end flange 6 is fitted on flange 3 by means of interlocking edges and is provided with a series of holes 8 and 9 which in the assembly of flange 3 and end flange 6 are aligned with holes 4 and 5, respectively, of the flange 3.
  • the holes 4 and 9 are adapted to receive bolts (not shown) serving to fasten to the mixer supply or discharge lines (not shown).
  • the said lines are provided with flanges having holes which in the assembled arrangement are in alignment with holes 4 and 9.
  • the inner diameters of the said supply and discharge lines are of the same diameter as the circular portion of passageway 11.
  • the holes 8, as is evident in FIGURE 1, are so tapered or countersunk that the end flange 6 can be drawn against the flange 3 by means of a bolt 10 having a conical head when the said bolt is screwed into hole 5 of the said flange.
  • the end flange is provided with a central passageway 11 which is smaller than the inner diameter of the pipe 1. This construction enables a series of mixing elements to be locked within the pipe 1 between the end flanges 6 and 7.
  • the central passageway 11 changes in a longitudinal direction from a square shape to a circular shape, the square shape being directed towards the center of the mixer.
  • the end flanges 6 and 7 are also provided with two holes 12 and two holes 13 which are of smaller diameter than holes 12. Fitted between holes 13 of the end flanges are rods 14, only one of which is shown in FIGURE 1.
  • the rods 14 lie diametrically opposite to each other within the pipe 1 against the inner wall thereof and in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the pipe. Normally eighteen mixing elements are positioned within the pipe to form the mixer, but it will be understood that any desired number of mixing elements may be employed in the mixer of this invention.
  • mixing elements Of the eighteen mixing elements generally employed in the mixer, half the number, or nine, are of the structure of the mixing element shown in FIGURES 3, 4 and 5, while the remaining nine are constructed symmetrically opposite thereto relative to a longitudinal section.
  • the mixing elements are arranged in the pipe so that they alternate.
  • the mixing elements are molded from any suitable natural or synthetic elastomeric materials, particularly those having a very small volume elongation, rubber being preferably employed.
  • the material of the mixing elements should be natural rubber, preferably with a hardness of to Shore, and where the liquid to be mixed is acidic an acid-resistant synthetic rubber should be employed for the making of the mixing elements.
  • the elastomeric material is shaped to the desired form of the mixing elements by the use of suitable pressing or casting molds.
  • the mixing elements comprise circular cylindrical blocks having openings or channels 15 and 16 extending therethrough in a substantially longitudinal direction. These channels narrow first in the same direction but in opposite sense, and then widen in a cross direction, again in the same direction but opposite sense.
  • In the outer diameter or mantle of the mixing elements which diameter is slightly less than the inner diameter of the pipe 1 whereby the mixing elements fit slidingly in the pipe, there are provided two notched-shaped longitudinal grooves 17, 18. These grooves are diametrically opposite to each other and their shape is such that the material of the mixing element deforms elastically to a slight extent when they are assembled in pipe 1 along rods 14 which are adapted to be received in said grooves for positioning the mixing elements within the pipe.
  • the end surfaces of the mixing elements are provided with projecting contours 19 and 20 which frame channels 15 and 16. These projecting contours are substantially square in outline and when the successive mixing elements are assembled in the pipe they lie against each other with the projecting contours of the end mixing elements cooperating with square edge 21 formed in end flanges 6 and 7.
  • Each mixing element is provided on one end surface with bosses 22 and 23 and on the other end surface with recesses 24 and 25. With the aid of these bosses and aisaeea length of the row of mixing elements assembled in the pipe, the said length being measured between the extreme piojecting contours 19 and 29 on the end mixing elements. Accordingly, on assembling the mixer, the mixing elements are upset in an axial direction during the tightening of bolts it which causes end flanges 6 and '7 to be forced against flanges 3 and 2, respectively. Simultaneously with the upsetting of the mixing elements, the mixing elements are clamped tightly in a radial direction against the inner wall of pipe 1. In this manner an especially satisfactory sealing is obtained between the mixing elements themselves as well as between said mixing elements and the wall of the pipe.
  • the assembling of the mixer is very easily done since the mixing elements fit slidingly in the case when not upset and therefore may be simply pushed inside one after another.
  • the mixer of this invention is very efficient when mixing highly viscous liquids, such as viscose.
  • a liquid mixer without movable parts including a pipe having a supply opening and a discharge opening and at least two mixing elements, in abutting relationship, provided with end surfaces between said openings, each of said mixing elements having at least two channels therethrough, the improvement which comprises forming said mixing elements from an elastomeric material.
  • a liquid mixer according to claim 1 wherein the mixing elements have a closed cylindrical outer mantle with said channels passing through the mixing elements within said outer mantle.
  • a liquid mixer according to claim 4 wherein the outer mantle of the mixing elements slidingly fits within the pipe, and the mixing elements in the pipe are arranged in an axial direction.
  • a liquid mixer according to claim 4 wherein the outer mantle of the mixing elements is provided with grooves and the pipe is provided with guiding rods which cooperate with said grooves to hold the mixing elements in position, said mixing elements thereby being slightly deformed in the vicinity of said grooves.
  • a liquid mixer without movable parts including a pipe having a supply opening and a discharge opening and at least two mixing elements, provided with end surfaces, between said openings, the improvement which comprises said mixing elements being made of rubber and having at least two channels therethrough, each of said channels being provided with an exit and an entrance, the construction of said exits being different in size than the corresponding entrances, said mixing elements being disposed such that the exits of the channels in each mixing element are adjacent the entrances of the channels of the adjoining mixing element in overlapping relationship, the adjacent exits and entrances of every two adjoining mixing elements being arranged in a mutually abutting relationship so that each exit is in fluid flow relationship with the entrance of the channel of the adjacent mixing element, whereby each of said channels lies, taken in the direction of the flow of the liquid through the mixer, in the prelongation of each of said channels in the preceding mixing element.
  • a liquid mixer according to claim 9 wherein the outer mantle of the mixing elements slidingly fits within the pipe, and the mixing elements in the pipe are arranged in an axial direction.
  • a liquid mixer without movable parts including a pipe having a supply opening and a discharge opening and at least two mixing elements, provided with end surfaces, between said openings, the improvement which comprises said mixing elements being formed of an elastomeric material and having at least two channels therethrough, each of said channels being provided with an exit and an entrance, the construction of said exits being different in size than the corresponding entrances, said mixing elements being disposed such that the exits of the 7 channels in each mixing element are adjacent the entrances of the channels of the adjoining mixing element in overlapping relationship, the adjacent exits and entrances of every two adjoining mixing elements being arranged in a mutually abutting relationship so that each exit is in fluid flow relationship with the entrance of the channel of the adjacent mixing element, whereby each of said channels lies, taken in the direction of the flow of the liquid through the mixer, in the prolongation of each of said channels in the preceding mixing element.
  • a liquid mixer according to claim 14 wherein the outer mantle of the mixing elements slidingly fits within the pipe, and the mixing elements in the pipe are arranged in an axial direction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
US60917A 1959-10-13 1960-10-06 Mixer Expired - Lifetime US3182965A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL244295 1959-10-13
NL263534 1961-04-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3182965A true US3182965A (en) 1965-05-11

Family

ID=26641705

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US60917A Expired - Lifetime US3182965A (en) 1959-10-13 1960-10-06 Mixer
US185539A Expired - Lifetime US3206170A (en) 1959-10-13 1962-04-06 Mixing apparatus

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US185539A Expired - Lifetime US3206170A (en) 1959-10-13 1962-04-06 Mixing apparatus

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (2) US3182965A (de)
CH (2) CH385800A (de)
DE (3) DE1178404B (de)
DK (1) DK114544B (de)
GB (2) GB886475A (de)
LU (2) LU39253A1 (de)
NL (4) NL109918C (de)

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3206170A (en) * 1959-10-13 1965-09-14 American Enka Corp Mixing apparatus
US3286992A (en) * 1965-11-29 1966-11-22 Little Inc A Mixing device
US3911073A (en) * 1971-06-29 1975-10-07 Lacelluphane Process for inverting flow in a conduit
US4198168A (en) * 1978-04-12 1980-04-15 Liquid Control Incorporated Phase blending static mixing process and apparatus
US4222671A (en) * 1978-09-05 1980-09-16 Gilmore Oscar Patrick Static mixer
US4933074A (en) * 1988-11-10 1990-06-12 The Boeing Company Article singulating system and method
US5882774A (en) * 1993-12-21 1999-03-16 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Optical film
US5976424A (en) * 1996-07-31 1999-11-02 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method for making multilayer optical films having thin optical layers
US6190034B1 (en) * 1995-10-03 2001-02-20 Danfoss A/S Micro-mixer and mixing method
US20010011779A1 (en) * 1998-01-13 2001-08-09 3M Innovative Properties Company Method for making textured multilayer optical films
US20020154406A1 (en) * 1998-01-13 2002-10-24 3M Innovative Properties Company Post-formable multilayer optical films and methods of forming
US6531230B1 (en) 1998-01-13 2003-03-11 3M Innovative Properties Company Color shifting film
US20070140042A1 (en) * 2004-06-04 2007-06-21 Gerhard Schanz Multicomponent packaging with static micromixer
US20080106968A1 (en) * 2003-07-25 2008-05-08 Wella Ag Components for Static Micromixers, Micromixers Constructed from such Components and Use of such Micromixers for Mixing or Dispersing or for Carrying Out Chemical Reactions
US20080246277A1 (en) * 2007-04-04 2008-10-09 Savant Measurement Corporation Multiple material piping component
EP2147771A2 (de) 1998-01-13 2010-01-27 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Verfahren zur Herstellung mehrschichtiger optischer Filme
US7852560B2 (en) 1993-12-21 2010-12-14 3M Innovative Properties Company Display incorporating reflective polarizer
WO2013043447A1 (en) 2011-09-20 2013-03-28 3M Innovative Properties Company Textured film and process for manufacture
US9102131B2 (en) 2010-03-26 2015-08-11 3M Innovative Properties Company Textured film and process for manufacture thereof
US10611054B2 (en) * 2014-09-03 2020-04-07 Windmöller & Hölscher Kg Overturning device for overturning molten material and purging method

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FR1405358A (fr) * 1964-05-27 1965-07-09 Nord Aviation Procédé et dispositif de mélange rapide de fluides notamment sur un combiné turbostatoréacteur
GB1220688A (en) * 1967-06-29 1971-01-27 Courtaulds Ltd Mixing apparatus
US3632090A (en) * 1970-09-14 1972-01-04 Moday Inc Mixing device
US3782694A (en) * 1972-09-18 1974-01-01 Western Controls Inc Apparatus and method for mixing materials
US3881701A (en) * 1973-09-17 1975-05-06 Aerojet General Co Fluid mixer reactor
US3856270A (en) * 1973-10-09 1974-12-24 Fmc Corp Static fluid mixing apparatus
US3929318A (en) * 1974-12-09 1975-12-30 Exxon Research Engineering Co Static mixers for viscous material
DD122649A1 (de) * 1975-09-10 1976-10-20
US4112520A (en) * 1976-03-25 1978-09-05 Oscar Patton Gilmore Static mixer
US4183682A (en) * 1978-08-10 1980-01-15 Union Oil Company Of California Motionless mixer and method for removing scaled mixing elements therefrom
US4205921A (en) * 1978-10-02 1980-06-03 Mahler Arnold L Device for homogenization of a particle filled fluid stream
CH653565A5 (de) * 1981-07-30 1986-01-15 Sulzer Ag Vorrichtung zum stoff- und/oder direkten waermeaustausch oder mischen.
DE3214056C2 (de) * 1982-04-16 1985-04-18 Purma Industrieanlagen GmbH, 7100 Heilbronn Statischer Mischer für flüssige und/oder pastöse Komponenten
US4686074A (en) * 1983-03-03 1987-08-11 Toray Industries, Inc. Alternate high-molecule arrangement production process
US4971450A (en) * 1986-01-13 1990-11-20 Horst Gerich Interfacial surface generator
DE4138351A1 (de) * 1991-11-21 1993-05-27 Bostik Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zum vormischen zweier pastoeser massen
US5637331A (en) * 1993-02-18 1997-06-10 Barmag Ag Spin system for thermoplastic yarns
DE4305905C1 (de) * 1993-02-26 1994-07-28 Barmag Barmer Maschf Spinnpumpe mit Mischer
JP2004249282A (ja) * 2003-01-30 2004-09-09 Maeda Corp ミキシングチューブ及びその製造方法
JP4713397B2 (ja) * 2006-01-18 2011-06-29 株式会社リコー 微小流路構造体及び微小液滴生成システム
US20110014482A1 (en) * 2006-06-05 2011-01-20 Dow Corning Corporation Ductile multilayer silicone resin films
WO2010099148A1 (en) 2009-02-27 2010-09-02 3M Innovative Properties Company Method and apparatus for cross-web coextrusion and film therefrom
KR101182958B1 (ko) * 2010-02-01 2012-09-18 에스비리모티브 주식회사 이차 전지 모듈

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US2664109A (en) * 1948-09-24 1953-12-29 Babcock & Wilcox Co Fluid circuit resistor construction
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DE358018C (de) * 1922-09-02 Rodolphe William Burckhardt Mischvorrichtung fuer Gase
GB350716A (en) * 1930-06-05 1931-06-18 Quintin Moore Improvements in or relating to emulsifying or homogenizing apparatus
US1915867A (en) * 1931-05-01 1933-06-27 Edward R Penick Choker
US2085132A (en) * 1934-11-26 1937-06-29 Bethlehem Steel Corp Mixer
US2740616A (en) * 1952-11-03 1956-04-03 Willie W Walden Mixer
NL229424A (de) * 1958-07-08 1900-01-01
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US1927947A (en) * 1931-02-03 1933-09-26 Westinghouse Air Brake Co Muffler
US2090727A (en) * 1934-12-08 1937-08-24 Concordia Elektrizitaets Ag Foam producing device
US2664109A (en) * 1948-09-24 1953-12-29 Babcock & Wilcox Co Fluid circuit resistor construction
US2633343A (en) * 1948-12-02 1953-03-31 Elie P Aghnides Gas and liquid mixing device
US2661194A (en) * 1950-09-29 1953-12-01 Thomas L Katovsich Mixer for use in jetting apparatus
US2740696A (en) * 1951-03-30 1956-04-03 Exxon Research Engineering Co Polymerization apparatus unit
US2890868A (en) * 1955-08-01 1959-06-16 Haskelite Mfg Corp Mixing head

Cited By (51)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3206170A (en) * 1959-10-13 1965-09-14 American Enka Corp Mixing apparatus
US3286992A (en) * 1965-11-29 1966-11-22 Little Inc A Mixing device
US3911073A (en) * 1971-06-29 1975-10-07 Lacelluphane Process for inverting flow in a conduit
US4198168A (en) * 1978-04-12 1980-04-15 Liquid Control Incorporated Phase blending static mixing process and apparatus
US4222671A (en) * 1978-09-05 1980-09-16 Gilmore Oscar Patrick Static mixer
US4933074A (en) * 1988-11-10 1990-06-12 The Boeing Company Article singulating system and method
US5882774A (en) * 1993-12-21 1999-03-16 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Optical film
US7852560B2 (en) 1993-12-21 2010-12-14 3M Innovative Properties Company Display incorporating reflective polarizer
US7297393B2 (en) 1993-12-21 2007-11-20 3M Innovative Properties Company Optical film
US7083847B2 (en) 1993-12-21 2006-08-01 3M Innovative Properties Company Optical film
US20040043205A1 (en) * 1993-12-21 2004-03-04 3M Innovative Properties Company Optical film
US6613421B2 (en) 1993-12-21 2003-09-02 3M Innovative Properties Company Optical film
US6190034B1 (en) * 1995-10-03 2001-02-20 Danfoss A/S Micro-mixer and mixing method
US5976424A (en) * 1996-07-31 1999-11-02 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method for making multilayer optical films having thin optical layers
US20050161840A1 (en) * 1998-01-13 2005-07-28 3M Innovative Properties Company Method for making PEN/PMMA multilayer optical films
EP2292422A1 (de) 1998-01-13 2011-03-09 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Farbveränderliche Folie
US6788463B2 (en) 1998-01-13 2004-09-07 3M Innovative Properties Company Post-formable multilayer optical films and methods of forming
US6797366B2 (en) 1998-01-13 2004-09-28 3M Innovative Properties Company Color shifting film articles
US6808658B2 (en) 1998-01-13 2004-10-26 3M Innovative Properties Company Method for making texture multilayer optical films
US6827886B2 (en) 1998-01-13 2004-12-07 3M Innovative Properties Company Method for making multilayer optical films
US6830713B2 (en) 1998-01-13 2004-12-14 3M Innovative Properties Company Method for making coPEN/PMMA multilayer optical films
US20050019530A1 (en) * 1998-01-13 2005-01-27 3M Innovative Properties Company Post-formable multilayer optical films and methods of forming
US20050079333A1 (en) * 1998-01-13 2005-04-14 3M Innovative Properties Company Red-green-blue polymeric interference film
US20050110175A1 (en) * 1998-01-13 2005-05-26 3M Innovative Properties Company Method for making textured multilayer optical films
US6531230B1 (en) 1998-01-13 2003-03-11 3M Innovative Properties Company Color shifting film
US20050175827A1 (en) * 1998-01-13 2005-08-11 3M Innovative Properties Company Multilayer optical film with antistatic additive
US20020154406A1 (en) * 1998-01-13 2002-10-24 3M Innovative Properties Company Post-formable multilayer optical films and methods of forming
US7138173B2 (en) 1998-01-13 2006-11-21 3Minnovative Properties Company Red-green-blue polymeric interference film
US9588270B2 (en) 1998-01-13 2017-03-07 3M Innovative Properties Company Post-formable multilayer optical films and methods of forming
US20070184274A1 (en) * 1998-01-13 2007-08-09 Wheatley John A Polymeric Interference Films For Horticultural Applications
US20010013668A1 (en) * 1998-01-13 2001-08-16 3M Innovative Properties Company Method for making multilayer optical films
EP2740591A1 (de) 1998-01-13 2014-06-11 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Farbwechselnde Folie
EP2292423A1 (de) 1998-01-13 2011-03-09 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Film mit winkelabhängiger Farbveränderung
US6783349B2 (en) 1998-01-13 2004-08-31 3M Innovative Properties Company Apparatus for making multilayer optical films
US20090155540A1 (en) * 1998-01-13 2009-06-18 3M Innovative Properties Company Post-formable multilayer optical films and methods of forming
US20090323180A1 (en) * 1998-01-13 2009-12-31 3M Innovative Properties Company Multilayer optical films having one or more reflection bands
US7851054B2 (en) 1998-01-13 2010-12-14 3M Innovative Properties Company Multilayer optical films having one or more reflection bands
EP2147771A2 (de) 1998-01-13 2010-01-27 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Verfahren zur Herstellung mehrschichtiger optischer Filme
US20010011779A1 (en) * 1998-01-13 2001-08-09 3M Innovative Properties Company Method for making textured multilayer optical films
US20080106968A1 (en) * 2003-07-25 2008-05-08 Wella Ag Components for Static Micromixers, Micromixers Constructed from such Components and Use of such Micromixers for Mixing or Dispersing or for Carrying Out Chemical Reactions
US20070140042A1 (en) * 2004-06-04 2007-06-21 Gerhard Schanz Multicomponent packaging with static micromixer
US7845688B2 (en) * 2007-04-04 2010-12-07 Savant Measurement Corporation Multiple material piping component
EP2145127A1 (de) * 2007-04-04 2010-01-20 Savant Measurement Corporation Rohrkomponente aus mehreren materialien
US20110042938A1 (en) * 2007-04-04 2011-02-24 Savant Measurement Corporation Multiple material piping component
WO2008123915A1 (en) 2007-04-04 2008-10-16 Savant Measurement Corporation Multiple material piping component
US20080246277A1 (en) * 2007-04-04 2008-10-09 Savant Measurement Corporation Multiple material piping component
EP2145127A4 (de) * 2007-04-04 2011-04-20 Savant Measurement Corp Rohrkomponente aus mehreren materialien
US9102131B2 (en) 2010-03-26 2015-08-11 3M Innovative Properties Company Textured film and process for manufacture thereof
WO2013043447A1 (en) 2011-09-20 2013-03-28 3M Innovative Properties Company Textured film and process for manufacture
US9895837B2 (en) 2011-09-20 2018-02-20 3M Innovative Properties Company Textured film and process for manufacture
US10611054B2 (en) * 2014-09-03 2020-04-07 Windmöller & Hölscher Kg Overturning device for overturning molten material and purging method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH385800A (de) 1964-12-31
GB886475A (en) 1962-01-10
DE1224708B (de) 1966-09-15
US3206170A (en) 1965-09-14
NL109918C (de)
LU41505A1 (de) 1962-06-06
DK114544B (da) 1969-07-14
LU39253A1 (de) 1960-12-06
NL111082C (de)
NL244295A (de)
NL263534A (de)
DE1178404B (de) 1964-09-24
CH401926A (de) 1965-11-15
GB1005587A (en) 1965-09-22
DE1236479B (de) 1967-03-16

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