US3141812A - Process of impregnating paper containing synthetic fibers and an amine formaldehyde precondensate with a film forming linear copolyamide - Google Patents

Process of impregnating paper containing synthetic fibers and an amine formaldehyde precondensate with a film forming linear copolyamide Download PDF

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US3141812A
US3141812A US133304A US13330461A US3141812A US 3141812 A US3141812 A US 3141812A US 133304 A US133304 A US 133304A US 13330461 A US13330461 A US 13330461A US 3141812 A US3141812 A US 3141812A
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Prior art keywords
paper
weight
dried
copolyamide
solution
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Expired - Lifetime
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US133304A
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English (en)
Inventor
Marek Bruno Stefan Vladimir
Gneisz Josef
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Viscosuisse SA
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Societe de la Viscose Suisse SA
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D21H17/37—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. polyacrylates
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D21H17/46—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D21H17/47—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones
    • D21H17/49—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with compounds containing hydrogen bound to nitrogen
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D21H17/46—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D21H17/54—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen
    • D21H17/55—Polyamides; Polyaminoamides; Polyester-amides

Definitions

  • the present invention provides a process for making paper which consists at least partially of synthetic fibres and is ink-fast and has a high wet-strength, wherein the fibre material is converted into an aqueous suspension from which a sheet is formed which is then dried, impregnated, immediately dried and, if desired, pressed with the application of heat.
  • paper designates any paper or paper-like material prepared on a paper-making machine such as paper, bonded fabric, non-woven fabric and similar flat material.
  • a process for the production of paper which contains a proportion of synthetic fibres which comprises forming an aqueous fibre suspension which contains the synthetic fibres, an amine-formaldehyde precondensate and optionally a water-soluble polyvalent metal salt, forming a web from such suspension, drying it, impregnating the dried web with an aqueous alcoholic solution containing a linear copolyamide of high molecular weight and optionally a cross-linking substance and/or a hydrophobising agent capable of reacting chemically Withthe substratum and with the copolyamide, the impregnated sheet then being dried and, if desired, hot calendered.
  • synthetic fibres is used in this specification in the generally accepted sense of including both fibres made from natural polymers, as for example viscose fibres, and those made from synthetic polymers such as polyamides.
  • the synthetic fibres preferably have a titre of 1.5-3 denier and a staple length of 24 mm. in the case of 3,141,812 Patented July 21, 1964 fibres derived from natural polymers, and a titre of 1.53 denier and a staple length of 3-6 mm. in the case of fibres made from wholly synthetic polymers, and may be combined with the known substances used in making paper, such as rags, bleached or unbleached wood pulp or the like. Preferred mixtures contain 20-80% by weight of synthetic fibres and 80-20% by weight of such other fibrous materials.
  • copolyamides to be used in the treatment of the dried sheet should be readily soluble in aqueous alcohol, they should be colourless and above all their solutions should be stable and have little gelling tendency at room temperature. Such copolyamides are good film-formers and melt at a relatively low temperature.
  • copolyamides those are particularly suitable for use in the present process which can be prepared by polymerising a mixture of a salt of a diamine and a dicarboxylic acid with a lactam of an toacid.
  • the binary copolyamides of hexamethylene diammonium adipate and e-aminocaprolactam within the range of 3545% by weight of hexamethylene diammonium adipate and 6555% by weight of e-aminocaprolactam are particularly suitable.
  • ternary copolyamides there may be used, for example, mixtures of 10-20% by weight of w-aminoundecylic acid, 4030% by weight of hexamethylene diammonium adipate and 50% by Weight of e-aminocaprolactam.
  • Such copolyamides should have, for example, a reduced viscosity of 1.10 to 1.30 and, according to the proportions used, a melting point of 165-185 C. After a preliminary partial swelling at room temperature they dissolve at 60 C. in 67% aqueous ethanol or methanol -togive solutions of 8 to 12% strength. These solutions are clear and viscous and do not gel even after standing for several days at room temperature.
  • a reagent capable of cross-linking the copolyamide added to the paper base by the impregnation it is of advantage to use a cationic melamineformaldehyde precondensate having aflinity for the fibre, if desired in the presence of a small amount of aluminium sulphate.
  • a precondensate can be obtained by dissolving trimethylol-melamine in Water, adding formic or hydrochloric acid to this solution and letting it ripen for several hours until it displays a bluish opalescence. Such a solution is stable for 12 to 14 hours.
  • the cross-linking of the substratum with the copolyamide and/ or of the copolyamide alone may be achieved, with the application of heat and pressure.
  • a small amount of a catalyst may be added consisting of a hydrated salt of a multivalent metal cation soluble in aqueous alcohol which develops acid proper-ties at higher temperatures during hot calendering, such as aluminium nitrate or zinc nitrate.
  • a small amount of a crosslinking substance such as 1:6-hexarnethylene-N:N-bis- (ethyleneurea) or formaldehyde donors, and/ or of a hydrophobising agent which likewise reacts chemically with the substratum and the copolyamide, such as octadecyl ethyleneurea, may be added to the impregnating liquor.
  • a crosslinking substance such as 1:6-hexarnethylene-N:N-bis- (ethyleneurea) or formaldehyde donors
  • a hydrophobising agent which likewise reacts chemically with the substratum and the copolyamide, such as octadecyl ethyleneurea
  • Such additives must be compatible with the dissolved copolyamide, that is to say they must not precipitate from the copolyamide solution or be inactivated by it.
  • no acidic catalyst should be present, since otherwise the ethyleneimine derivatives would precipitate from the aqueous alcoholic solution
  • German Patent No. 880,740 discloses a process for improving fibrous materials, such as paper consisting of 100% bleached sulphite cellulose or of 100% unbleached cellulose, by treatment with a solution of an ethyleneimine derivative. These papers are dried in the usual manner on a drying cylinder at 100 C.
  • paper made from a mixture of synthetic fibres with cellulose fibres in the presence of an amine-formaldehyde precondensate is treated with an aqueous-alcoholic solution of a copolyamide, if desired with the further addition of an octadecyl ethyleneurea not disclosed in the said German patent, in the presence of an ethyleneimine derivative, then dried and, if desired, hot calendered.
  • Example I 650 grams (dry weight) of bleached sulphate cellulose were disintegrated by means of a high speed stirrer for 2 3 minutes in a small vessel containing 25 litres of water. In a second vessel 475 grams (dry weight) of bleached pine sulphite cellulose and 475 grams (dry weight) of bleached aspen sulphite cellulose were disintegrated in the course of hour in 75 litres of water and then ground for one hour.
  • the sulphate cellulose suspension was then added to the suspension of the pine and aspen sulphite cellulose; finally 400 grams (dry weight) of fibres, previously swelled in 20 litres of water, of polyhexamethylene adipamide having a titre of 3 denier and a staple length of 6 mm. were added.
  • the combined suspensions were made up with water to a total volume of 200 litres and there were added to the whole 62 grams of alum in the form of an aqueous suspension of 15 strength and a solution of a melamine-formaldehyde precondensate.
  • the latter solution was prepared by dissolving 60 grams of trimethylol-melamine in 750 cc. of water and 15 cc. of formic acid with stirring: the solution was left to stand until it developed a bluish opalescence, then made up with water to 2 litres and added to the suspension of the fibrous materials.
  • the pH value of the aqueous suspension in the stuff chest of the paper-making machine was between and 6. From this suspension a paper web was formed on a papermaking machine (Fourdrinier) and then dried. The paper-making machine was set for making a paper weighing 70-75 grams per sq. m. and having an average thickness of 0.19 mm.
  • Sheets of the paper manufactured in this manner were impregnated with a solution of 1 1% by weight strength in ethanol of 67% by weight strength of a copolyamide prepared from a mixture of 40% by weight of hexamethylene diammonium adipate and 60% by weight of re-aminocaprolactam (reduced viscosity of the copolyamide: 1.18; melting point: 180 C.), dried and pressed at 180 C. for one second.
  • the .paper treated in this manner had a relative wetstrength of 40% and in the dry state a breaking length of 6700 metres.
  • a solution of 11% by weight strength of the copolyamide used in Example I prepared from a mixture of 40% by weight of hexamethylene diammonium adipate and 60% by weight of e-aminocaprolactam (reduced viscosity 1.18), 1.5% by weight of 1:6-hexameth
  • the dried paper had a relative Wet-strength of 44% and in the dry state a breaking length of 6000 metres.
  • Example IV A suspension was prepared in 100 litres of water of 800 grams (dry weight) of previously ground, bleached sulphate cellulose and 400 grams (dry weight) of previously ground, bleached aspen sulphite cellulose. To this suspension were then added 800 grams (dry weight) of fibres, previously swelled in 40 litres of water, of polyhexamethylene adipamide having a titre of 2 denier and a staple length of 4 mm. The whole was then made up with water to 200 litres.
  • Example I prepared from a mixture of 40% by weight viscosity 1.30) in aqueous ethanol of 67% strength.
  • impregnated sheets were dried on a steam-heated drying cylinder and pressed for one second at 165 C.
  • the properties of the papers manufactured in this manner are shown in the table below.
  • the binary 40/60 coplyamide melting at 180 C. is referred to in the table by A and the ternary 10/40/50 copolyamide melting at 168 C. by B:
  • Paper which has been conditioned for 24 hours at 20 C. and then immersed for one hour in water of 20 C. displays an increase in its length of 0.156% in the machine direction and of 1.732% in the transverse direction, and after further conditioning for 24 hours at 20 C. a shrinkage of 0.314%f
  • Example V By the process described in Example IV a paper was made from an aqueous suspension containing 400 grams (dry weight) of previously disintegrated rags, 1600 grams (dry weight) of viscose rayon fibres previously swelled in water, having a titre of 1.5 deniers and a staple length of 4 mm., 62 grams of alum and 60 grams of trimethylolmelamine.
  • the dried, not yet impregnated, paper was treated with a solution of 10% by weight of the copolyamide, described in Example I, prepared from a mixture of 40% by weight of hexamethylene diammonium adipate and 60% by weight of e-aminocaprolactam in aqueous ethanol of 67% strength, then dried on a steamheated drying cylinder and pressed at 170 C.
  • the paper treated in this manner had a relative wet-strength of and a breaking length of 5420 metres in the dry state.
  • Example Vl In the manner described in Example IV paper was made from an aqueous suspension containing 400 grams (dry weight) of previously disintegrated rags, 1000 grams (dry Weight) of viscose rayon fibers previously swelled in water, having a titre of 1.5 deniers and a staple length of 4 mm., 600 grams (dry weight) of fibers, previously swelled in water, of polyhexamethylene adipamide, having a titre of 2 deniers and a staple length of 4 mm., 62 grams of alum and 60 grams of trimethylolmelamine.
  • the dried, not yet impregnated, paper was then treated with a solution containing 10% by weight of the copolyamide, described in Example I, prepared from a mixture of 40% by weight of hexamethylene diammonium adipate and 60% by weight of e-aminocaprolactam in aqueous ethanol of 67% strength, dried on a steamheated drying cylinder and pressed at 170 C.
  • This paper had a relative wet-strength of 52% and a breaking length (dry) of 5000 metres.
  • a copolyamide prepared from a mixture of 40% by weight of hexamethylene diammonium adipate and 60% by weight of e-aminocaprolactam and 0.75% by weight of octadecyl ethyleneurea in aqueous ethanol of 67% strength
  • Comparative test specimens of papers treated in this manner and of papers prepared as described in Examples II and III were immersed in each case for 4 hours in water, in hydrochloric acid of 4% strength, in alkali solution of 4% strength and in organic solvents such as benzene, alcohol and trichloroethylene.
  • the immersed specimens remained stable towards these liquids; after having been washed and dried they were fast to ink and drawing ink.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
US133304A 1960-09-01 1961-08-23 Process of impregnating paper containing synthetic fibers and an amine formaldehyde precondensate with a film forming linear copolyamide Expired - Lifetime US3141812A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB30242/60A GB948750A (en) 1960-09-01 1960-09-01 Improvements in the production of paper
GB30241/60A GB948749A (en) 1960-09-01 1960-09-01 Improvements in the production of paper

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US3141812A true US3141812A (en) 1964-07-21

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US133304A Expired - Lifetime US3141812A (en) 1960-09-01 1961-08-23 Process of impregnating paper containing synthetic fibers and an amine formaldehyde precondensate with a film forming linear copolyamide
US133305A Expired - Lifetime US3141813A (en) 1960-09-01 1961-08-23 Process of impregnating paper containing synthetic fibers and an amineformaldehyde resin with copolyamide and polyacrylic acid ester

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US (2) US3141812A (en)van)
BE (1) BE607429A (en)van)
CH (2) CH410615A (en)van)
DE (2) DE1222363B (en)van)
FR (1) FR1297558A (en)van)
GB (2) GB948750A (en)van)
LU (1) LU40559A1 (en)van)
NL (4) NL131384C (en)van)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4392861A (en) * 1980-10-14 1983-07-12 Johnson & Johnson Baby Products Company Two-ply fibrous facing material
US4425126A (en) 1979-12-28 1984-01-10 Johnson & Johnson Baby Products Company Fibrous material and method of making the same using thermoplastic synthetic wood pulp fibers

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4387144A (en) 1977-05-11 1983-06-07 Tullis Russell & Company Limited Battery separator material
US4654100A (en) * 1985-03-04 1987-03-31 The Dow Chemical Company Method for preparing random-fiber thermoset composites
US5512618A (en) * 1993-05-07 1996-04-30 Enviro-Chem, Inc. Suspension-enhancing adhesive additive for paper manufacturing, liquid adhesive composition using same, and method of preparing liquid adhesive composition
US6489040B1 (en) 2000-02-15 2002-12-03 United States Gypsium Company Wallboard with improved roll-up resistance

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2540352A (en) * 1945-10-27 1951-02-06 Munising Paper Company Method of making wet strength paper
US2559220A (en) * 1942-07-31 1951-07-03 American Cyanamid Co Manufacture of cellulose products of improved wet strength
US2983627A (en) * 1956-08-23 1961-05-09 Portals Ltd Methods of making webs of fibrous material
GB873700A (en) * 1958-07-24 1961-07-26 Portals Ltd Improvements in or relating to methods for making webs of fibrous material
GB874249A (en) * 1958-04-14 1961-08-02 Schweizerische Viscose Process for the production of wet-felted fibrous sheet structures containing polyamide
US3000777A (en) * 1956-08-23 1961-09-19 Portals Ltd Methods of making webs of fibrous materials
US3016325A (en) * 1955-11-01 1962-01-09 Electro Chem Fiber Seal Corp Process of combining water-insoluble additament with organic fibrous material

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE965864C (de) * 1937-09-11 1957-06-27 Albert Ag Chem Werke Verfahren zum Leimen von Faserstoffgebilden wie Papier, Pappe im Stoff
GB572959A (en) * 1943-02-15 1945-10-31 William Charlton Treatment of paper or textile fabrics
US2629699A (en) * 1949-10-20 1953-02-24 Stein Hall & Co Inc Modified starch-urea-formaldehyde water resistant adhesive

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2559220A (en) * 1942-07-31 1951-07-03 American Cyanamid Co Manufacture of cellulose products of improved wet strength
US2540352A (en) * 1945-10-27 1951-02-06 Munising Paper Company Method of making wet strength paper
US3016325A (en) * 1955-11-01 1962-01-09 Electro Chem Fiber Seal Corp Process of combining water-insoluble additament with organic fibrous material
US2983627A (en) * 1956-08-23 1961-05-09 Portals Ltd Methods of making webs of fibrous material
US3000777A (en) * 1956-08-23 1961-09-19 Portals Ltd Methods of making webs of fibrous materials
GB874249A (en) * 1958-04-14 1961-08-02 Schweizerische Viscose Process for the production of wet-felted fibrous sheet structures containing polyamide
GB873700A (en) * 1958-07-24 1961-07-26 Portals Ltd Improvements in or relating to methods for making webs of fibrous material

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4425126A (en) 1979-12-28 1984-01-10 Johnson & Johnson Baby Products Company Fibrous material and method of making the same using thermoplastic synthetic wood pulp fibers
US4392861A (en) * 1980-10-14 1983-07-12 Johnson & Johnson Baby Products Company Two-ply fibrous facing material

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Publication number Publication date
LU40559A1 (en)van) 1961-10-30
NL268380A (en)van) 1964-06-25
US3141813A (en) 1964-07-21
NL131384C (en)van)
GB948750A (en) 1964-02-05
FR1297558A (fr) 1962-06-29
CH403466A (de) 1965-11-30
NL129158C (en)van) 1970-07-15
DE1226409B (de) 1966-10-06
BE607429A (fr) 1961-12-18
DE1222363B (de) 1966-08-04
GB948749A (en) 1964-02-05
NL268379A (en)van) 1964-06-25
CH410615A (de) 1966-03-31

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