US3109768A - Textile filament - Google Patents

Textile filament Download PDF

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Publication number
US3109768A
US3109768A US742A US74260A US3109768A US 3109768 A US3109768 A US 3109768A US 742 A US742 A US 742A US 74260 A US74260 A US 74260A US 3109768 A US3109768 A US 3109768A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
sides
cross
common side
filaments
length
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US742A
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English (en)
Inventor
Walter R Ellingsen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EIDP Inc
Original Assignee
EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL296481D priority Critical patent/NL296481A/xx
Application filed by EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co filed Critical EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Priority to US742A priority patent/US3109768A/en
Priority to GB562/61A priority patent/GB937308A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3109768A publication Critical patent/US3109768A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/253—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a non-circular cross section; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2973—Particular cross section

Definitions

  • Fibers having various cross-sectional configurations have been prepared.
  • Cross sections simulating ribbons, dumbbell or dogbone shapes, crenul-ated, cruciform, and Y shapes have been used in preparing textile materials which exhibit sheen, bulk, a dry hand, and the like.
  • fabrics, e.g., hosiery, prepared from trilobal filaments which exhibit a peculiar luster highlight have become commercially available. Still a ditierent optical effect is desirable in other textile applications.
  • an object of the present invention to provide novel fibers and filaments which are particularly adapted for use in flat fabrics, hosiery, upholstery, and the like which exhibit a unique diamond-like sparkle. Another object is to provide fabrics having a combination of unique optical properties, improved covering power, suppleness, and other aesthetic properties. A particular object is to provide filaments which reflect a substantial part of incident light in high intensity narrow beams. Other objects will be apparent from the following detailed description.
  • the objects of this invention are accomplished by providing a shaped article from a synthetic polymer having a pentagonal cross-sectional configuration.
  • the sides of the pentagon are essentially straight, with three angles defined by the sides being approximately 90 each. Two of the 90 angles must be formed by the intersection of a common side with two parallel sides of essentially equal length. The other 90 angle must be located opposite the common side and is therefore [formed at the intersection of the two remaining sides.
  • the length of the sides of the cross section is controlled by the ratio of the lengths of two lines, one extending perpendicularly from the common side to the apex of the third 90 angle, and the other extending perpendicularly from a line parallel to the common side which connects the. points of intersection of the parallel sides and the two remaining sides .to the apex of the third 90 angle. This ratio is in the range from about 1.5 to about 3.
  • the cross section of the filaments of this invention must have essentially straight sides, it is to be under stood that one or any combination of the sides may be sli htly concave or convex.
  • the apex of the pentagon may be either symmetrical-1y disposed above the common side or may be displaced either to the left or right.
  • the corners may be either sharp or rounded as will be further described later herein.
  • the filaments of this invention may be pre pared by extruding a molten polymer or a solution of the polymer through an orifice which provides a pentagonal shape.
  • Spinning conditions must, of course, be varied, depending on the particular synthetic polymer being spun.
  • filaments which have a substantially uniform cross-sectional shape along their length. Although the shape of the filaments must remain within the limits previously described, slight variations in the parameters may occur along the length of the filament or from filament-to-filament in a bundle without adversely affecting their unique properties.
  • the denier of the filaments may vary within wide limits. Deniers in the range from 1 to 35 are usually preferred; however, deniers as high as 250 and higher may be utilized depending on the end use desired.
  • FIGURE 1 is an enlarged view of the cross section of the preferred filaments of the present invention.
  • FIGURE 2 is an enlarged view of an orifice of a spinneret suitable for producing filaments having the cross section shown in FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURES 3 .to 7, inclusive, illustrate various modifications of the pentagonal-shaped filaments of the present invention.
  • the cross section consists of essentially straight sides 1-5 and has three angles A, B, and C of approximately each. Each of the sides are curved adjacent to the points of intersection to form rounded tips.
  • Line X which is perpendicular to side 1 bisects angle A.
  • the cross section is symmetrical about line X. By extending sides 2, 3, 4, and 5, two points of intersections 6 and 7 are determined. Line 8, which connects these points, is parallel to side 1.
  • Line X extends perpendicularly from line 8 to the apex of angle A.
  • the relative lengths of the sides of the cross section are determined by the ratio of the length of line X to the line X.
  • the ratio of X/X equals 2.
  • the orifice from which the polymer is extruded is comprised of three rectangular, symmetrically disposed arms. Two circular orifices are in communication with one of the rams as shown in FIG. 2. The position of the circular orifices and the length of the arm to which they are connected may be varied to change the particular configuration of the filament cross section. The angle between the arms may likewise be changed when spinning various polymers or utilizing various spinning conditions, e.g., rapid quenching and the like, to insure that the two adjacent 90 angles, B and C, are formed with common side 1. Depending on the polymer being extruded, a pentagonal-shaped orifice may be used successfully as well as other modification of the orifice described above.
  • FIGURES 3 to 7 illustrate various modifications in the cross-sectional shape of the filaments in the present invention.
  • the common side is slightly convex, the parallel sides straight, and the remaining two sides slightly concave.
  • FIG. 4 the configuration is unsymmetrical with the third 90 angle being displaced above and away from the middle of the common side.
  • a substantial proportion of the sides may be curved to provide the rounded tips as illustrated in FIG. 7. It is necessary, however, that the common side have a substantial portion which is essentially straight.
  • Polyhexamethylene adipamide is prepared according to the process described in US. Patent 2,130,523. The polymer is melt spun to provide 15-denier monofilarnents having the cross-sectional configuration shown in FIG. 1.
  • hosiery is prepared on a 60 gauge, 4-position, hosiery knitting machine manufactured by Robert Reiner, Inc., Weehawken, New Jersey. Two ends of the monofilament yarn are combined for the welt fabric and for the splicing, with the body of the stocking being of monofilament construction.
  • the hosiery is seamed, pre-boarded, scoured, and dyed to a gold shade. Finishing and postboarding is then accomplished.
  • the resulting gold-colored hosiery presents a dazzling diamond-like sparkle. The color clarity is excellent.
  • Hosiery exhibiting this diamond-like sparkle can also be prepared in seamless or tricot knit construction.
  • yarn counts such as 14/2, 15/3, 17/2, /1, 7/1, 21/3, 30/10, and 40/13 may be used.
  • the color of dye used' is', of course, a matter of choice.
  • Staple fiber or continuousfilaments having the crosssectional configuration previously described may be prepared from a variety of synthetic fibers.
  • the polyamides such as polyhexamethylene adipamide, polyhexamethylene sebacamide, polycaproamide, polyxylylene azelamide, polyoctamethylene oxalamide, polypyrrolidone, polymetaphenylene is-ophthalamide, polymetaphenylene adipamide; copolyamides, and irradiation grafted polyamides; the polyesters and copolyesters such as the condensation products of ethylene glycol with tereph-thalic acid, ethylene glycol with a 98/2 mixture of terephthalic/S- (sodium sulfo)-isophthalic acids, ethylene glycol with a 90/10 mixture of terepht-halic and isophthalic acids, polyesters derived from 2,2-bis(4 hydroxyphenyl) propane, and trans p
  • the filaments may be spun in the form 4 of tow, monofilament yarn, multifilament yarn, roving or the like.
  • the filaments of this invention are particularly useful in bulked form. Bulking may be conveniently achieved by a number of methods. For example, a particularly desirable bulking process is described in the copending application of Breen and Lauterbach, Serial No. 698,- 103, filed November 22, 1957.
  • the novel filaments of this invention are peculiarly adaptable to being processed by the bulking process of the just mentioned application.
  • the filaments of this invention may also be treated according to the process described in the copending application of Breen and Sussman, Serial No. 810,671, filed May 4, 1959, to provide desirable products.
  • the chief advantage provided by the fibers, filaments, yarns, and fabrics of this invention is the unique combination of striking optical properties and improved aesthetic properties.
  • a unique sparkle is exhibited' which has heretofore not been possible to obtain from fibers of known cross sections.
  • Fabrics constructed of the fibers having pentagonal cross sections described herein, in addition to the unique sparkle exhibit desirable suppleness, drape, and fabric hand.
  • the fabrics prepared from the filaments of this invention also have greater covering power than those prepared from fibers having round cross sections.
  • novel fibers and filaments of this invention may be employed to produce a Wide variety of different types of woven, knitted, and non-woven fabrics, including both apparel and industrial textile productsf
  • these products include shintings, suitings, sweaters, dress and blouse fabrics, hosiery, sheeting, lingerie, taifetas, georgetes, sand-crepes, tissue-failles, fouilards, broadcloths, batistes, rainwear, surah, tricot, tulles, circular knitted goods, satins, ohiffons, Sheers, wash wear fabrics, 'crepes, casement fabrics, upholstery, carpets, filter cloths, ducks, belt-ings, webbing, braids, cordage and twine, fiber-reinforced laminates, tire cord, coated fabrics, pile fabrics, stuffing materials, floor covering, tiles, batts, felts, furs, velvets, and the like.
  • a textile filament having an essentially straight-sided pentagonal-shaped cross section prepared from a synthetic fiber-forming polymer capable of reflecting a substantial portion of incident light in high intensity narrow beams, said cross section having three angles of approximately each, two of said angles being formed by the intersection of a common side with two parallel sides of essentially equal length, the other of said angles being opposite said common side and being formed at the intersection of the two remaining sides, the length of the sides of said cross section being controlled by the ratio of the lengths of two lines, the first of said lines extending perpendicularly from said common side to the apex of said other angle and the second of said lines extending perpendiculanly from a line parallel to said common side which connects the points of intersection of said parallel sides and the said remaining sides to the apex of said other angle, the ratio of the length of said first tline to the length of said second line being from about 1.5 to about 3.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
US742A 1960-01-06 1960-01-06 Textile filament Expired - Lifetime US3109768A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL296481D NL296481A (cs) 1960-01-06
US742A US3109768A (en) 1960-01-06 1960-01-06 Textile filament
GB562/61A GB937308A (en) 1960-01-06 1961-01-05 Improvements relating to spinnerets for artificial textile fibres and filaments

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US742A US3109768A (en) 1960-01-06 1960-01-06 Textile filament

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3109768A true US3109768A (en) 1963-11-05

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US (1) US3109768A (cs)
GB (1) GB937308A (cs)
NL (1) NL296481A (cs)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4461855A (en) * 1980-08-28 1984-07-24 The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland Resin composite reinforced with fibers having a flat-sided triangular shape
US5049453A (en) * 1990-02-22 1991-09-17 Nippon Steel Corporation Galvannealed steel sheet with distinguished anti-powdering and anti-flaking properties and process for producing the same
US5723159A (en) * 1989-04-04 1998-03-03 Eastman Chemical Company Spinnerets for making fibers capable of spontaneously transporting fluids

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1576897A (en) * 1924-06-16 1926-03-16 Boizard Raoul Mirror of reflector water-level gauges
US1773969A (en) * 1928-09-08 1930-08-26 Celanese Corp Process of and apparatus for making artificial filaments
US1902953A (en) * 1931-03-11 1933-03-28 Revere Rubber Co Method and apparatus for the manufacture of filamentary material
GB401160A (en) * 1933-02-27 1933-11-09 Kalle & Co Ag Manufacture of threads
US1944378A (en) * 1929-07-16 1934-01-23 Ruth Aldo Co Inc Process and apparatus for producing dull luster rayon
US2041798A (en) * 1931-01-15 1936-05-26 Celanese Corp Production of artificial materials
US2291873A (en) * 1939-07-14 1942-08-04 Du Pont Synthetic filament
US2317485A (en) * 1940-04-27 1943-04-27 Pepsodent Co Brush
US2538918A (en) * 1944-09-15 1951-01-23 Comptoir Ind Etirage Die for the extrusion of metals
US2939201A (en) * 1959-06-24 1960-06-07 Du Pont Trilobal textile filament

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1576897A (en) * 1924-06-16 1926-03-16 Boizard Raoul Mirror of reflector water-level gauges
US1773969A (en) * 1928-09-08 1930-08-26 Celanese Corp Process of and apparatus for making artificial filaments
US1944378A (en) * 1929-07-16 1934-01-23 Ruth Aldo Co Inc Process and apparatus for producing dull luster rayon
US2041798A (en) * 1931-01-15 1936-05-26 Celanese Corp Production of artificial materials
US1902953A (en) * 1931-03-11 1933-03-28 Revere Rubber Co Method and apparatus for the manufacture of filamentary material
GB401160A (en) * 1933-02-27 1933-11-09 Kalle & Co Ag Manufacture of threads
US2291873A (en) * 1939-07-14 1942-08-04 Du Pont Synthetic filament
US2317485A (en) * 1940-04-27 1943-04-27 Pepsodent Co Brush
US2538918A (en) * 1944-09-15 1951-01-23 Comptoir Ind Etirage Die for the extrusion of metals
US2939201A (en) * 1959-06-24 1960-06-07 Du Pont Trilobal textile filament

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4461855A (en) * 1980-08-28 1984-07-24 The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland Resin composite reinforced with fibers having a flat-sided triangular shape
US5723159A (en) * 1989-04-04 1998-03-03 Eastman Chemical Company Spinnerets for making fibers capable of spontaneously transporting fluids
US5733490A (en) * 1989-04-04 1998-03-31 Eastman Chemical Company Process for helically crimping a fiber
US5855798A (en) * 1989-04-04 1999-01-05 Eastman Chemical Company Process for spontaneouly transporting a fluid
US5972505A (en) * 1989-04-04 1999-10-26 Eastman Chemical Company Fibers capable of spontaneously transporting fluids
US5049453A (en) * 1990-02-22 1991-09-17 Nippon Steel Corporation Galvannealed steel sheet with distinguished anti-powdering and anti-flaking properties and process for producing the same

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Publication number Publication date
NL296481A (cs)
GB937308A (en) 1963-09-18

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