US3094469A - Process for cleaning metal objects - Google Patents

Process for cleaning metal objects Download PDF

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Publication number
US3094469A
US3094469A US825327A US82532759A US3094469A US 3094469 A US3094469 A US 3094469A US 825327 A US825327 A US 825327A US 82532759 A US82532759 A US 82532759A US 3094469 A US3094469 A US 3094469A
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United States
Prior art keywords
layer
cleansing
aqueous
metal
ethylene oxide
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Expired - Lifetime
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US825327A
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English (en)
Inventor
Strauss Wennemar
Wedell Hans
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
DEHYDAG DEUTSCHE HYDRIERWERKE G M B H
DEHYDAG GmbH
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DEHYDAG GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
    • C11D7/50—Solvents
    • C11D7/5004—Organic solvents
    • C11D7/5018—Halogenated solvents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
    • C23G5/02—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F1/00—Electrolytic cleaning, degreasing, pickling or descaling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D2111/00—Cleaning compositions characterised by the objects to be cleaned; Cleaning compositions characterised by non-standard cleaning or washing processes
    • C11D2111/40—Specific cleaning or washing processes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method for cleaning metal surfaces prior to electroplating. It more particularly relates ⁇ to a method wherein organic solvents and aqueous cleaning solutions are -used in sequence.
  • the cleaning process to which the objects to be electroplated are customarily subjected is of importance.
  • the oiled metal objects or those which come from the polishing machine and are contaminated with polishing paste and metal dust are first subjected to a cleansing or washing procedure with organic solvents, such as trichloroethylene or perchloroethylene.
  • organic solvents such as trichloroethylene or perchloroethylene.
  • This step is sometimes carried out manually ⁇ and sometimes in automatic devices. During this step the major portion of the oily decontamination goes into the solvent.
  • the treated objects are then dried, This primary cleaning step is in most cases followed by a defatting procedure by boiling, preferably under alkaline conditions, in addition to a subsequent electrolytic defatting procedure.
  • the objects After passing through a rinsing step the objects are electroplated or they may be subjected to another type of surface treatment, such as phosphatizing, eloxadizing and the like.
  • the disadvantage of this cleansing process is particularly the operation with organic solvents such as trichloroethylene.
  • organic solvents such as trichloroethylene.
  • persons who work with these solvents are continuously subjected to possible damage to their health due to inhalation of chlorohydrocarbon vapors, which in the beginning shows itself by coughing, dizziness, lowering of ⁇ the blood pressure and vomiting and may finally lead to damage of the kidneys, liver and brain.
  • lt is an object of this invention to provide a method for cleansing sheet metal wherein the release of fumes of the organic cleaning agent will be eliminated.
  • ⁇ It is a further object to provide a cleansing method wherein the use of ⁇ multiple cleaning114 is not necessary, and cleansing may be accomplished in one vat.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a method for cleansing metals with organic solvents and aqueous cleansing agent solutions, and in the presence of surfaceactive agents, in the same vat.
  • the cleansing procedure is carried out with a bath consisting of two layers, the lower of which consists of one or more fat-dssolving organic solvents, especially chlorohydrocarbons, and the upper layer consists of one or more aqueous cleansing agent solutions, preferably adjusted to alkaline reaction.
  • the layers may also contain surface active substances.
  • the objects to be cleaned are lirst treated in the organic solvent llayer and subsequently in the aqueous cleansing agent layer and are then rinsed in customary fashion.
  • the metal objects may be agitated in customary fashion either in the lower andor upper layer.
  • the cleansing procedure in the aqueous cleansing -layer may, as customary, .be performed with the yaid of an electric current, and this layer and possibly also the organic solvent layer may be heated.
  • the organic solvent layer and, if desired, also the aqueous cleansing agent layer may be circulated and, if necessary, filtered.
  • the quantitative or volumetric ratio which is used in these two layers depends upon the type and size of the objects and also on the type and extent of the contamination. It is attempted to use the organic solvents as economically vas possible, and in most cases two parts by volume of organic solvent for every three parts Aby volume of aqueous cleansing agent are used, lbut more or less of the organic solvent may also be employed,
  • the process is carried out in the following manner:
  • the metal object to be cleaned made of iron, steel, copper, brass, bronze, nickel or another metal or of a corresponding alloy, is introduced into a treatment vat which contains the two layers of cleansing agents.
  • the metal object is first introduced into the lower layer or organic solvent which has the greater specific weight.
  • Suitable organic solvents are, for example, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, mixtures of chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents and 'mixtures of hydrocarbons with chlorinated hydrocarbons.
  • the object is lifted into the aqueous layer above the organic layer, which contains preferably alkaline reacting cleaning agents.
  • cleansing agents are, as customary, alkali metal hydroxides, soda, water glass, phosphates, cyanides and the like.
  • the quantity of cleansing agent is generally from l() gm. per liter to gm. per liter.
  • the aqueous layer may further be modified with known substances which act as dispersing agents or as contamination carriers, such as carboxy methyl cellulose and the like. ln general, the substances which are usually used as industrial cleansing agents and mixtures thereof may be used for this purpose.
  • the use of the additives produces a surprisingly rapid wetting elfect when the metal object to be cleaned is transferred from the organic layer to the aqueous layer.
  • the liquid films which are released during the wetting action carry with them the major portion of the contaminating substances adhering to the surface and thus substantially contribute to an acceleration of the cleansing effect.
  • Suitable surface-active substances are cation-active, anion-active or non-ionic substances; it is advantageous to use primarily hydrophilic agentsY in the aqueous layer and primarily organophilictagents in the organic layer, in order to avoid a mixing of the layers or an emulsilication upon agitation of the objects in the bath.
  • hydrophilic agentsY in the aqueous layer
  • organophilictagents in the organic layer
  • a fatty alcohol mixture with 12 to 18 carbon atoms obtained by hydrogenation of fatty acids from coconut oil, condensed with 2 mols ethylene oxide.
  • the selection of the surface-active substances will depend primarily upon their solubility in the aqueous or organic layers.
  • concentrations to be used depend substantially upon the bath conditions, that is upon the manner in which the bath is being operated, from the degree of contamination, etc.
  • concentrations are between the range of 0.05 to 10 gm. per liter, and as a rule quantities of 0.1 to 3 gm. per liter are used. Excessive concentrations may enhance emulsification and are therefore not advantageous.
  • the aqueous layer may simultaneously or subsequently ⁇ be operated as a cathodic or anodic degreasing bath in which the objects to be electroplatcd are cleansed with the aid of an electric current.
  • electrodes are mounted in the treatment vat within the range of the aqueous layer.
  • the treatment in the aqueous layer also takes a relatively short time, about 0.5 to 5 minutes.
  • the metal obiects which are withdrawn from the aqueous layer are satisfactorily degreased and cleaned and may be rinsed in yaccordance with known methods and thereafter be passed on to further treatment, such as to an electroplating treatment.
  • the advantage of this novel method of operation resides primarily in that only 1 vat is needed instead of the heretofore customary minimum of 2 vats, and furthermore, in that the presence of an aqueous layer over the chlorohydrocarbons prevents the penetration of vapors from these onganic solvents into the atmosphere and therefore lthe damaging effects connected therewith, since these substances are insoluble in water.
  • this combined utilization of the two layers produces a complete utilization of the ⁇ reaction energy at the interface, which considerably increases and accelerates the cleansing effect.
  • FIGURE l shows a vat 1 in the upper portion of which cleansing metal sheets or articles.
  • FIGURE 2 illustrates a method and apparatus for cleansing continuous metal strip, wires and the like.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a vat l in the upper portion of which a pair of electrodes 2 are mounted and which comprise rails 3 for the supply of current, said rails also serving as supports for the metal objects 4 to be electroplated
  • the organic solvent layer A occupies the lower portion of ⁇ the vat, while the aqueous cleansing solution B occupies the upper part.
  • Rails 3 are provided with any suitable support means and may be raised or lowered to enable objects 4 t0 be treated in both layers A and B.
  • the upper portion of the vat is provided with a heating jacket 5, but in place of this jacket an internal heating device, for example one comprising electric heating elements, may be provided.
  • a screen insert 6 is provided above the oor to separate the contaminations.
  • the principal vat 1 comprises an over-flow 14 with container 10 in which contaminating substances from the surface of the upper aqueous layer are trapped and rinsed away. From there the bath liquid is returned to the upper portion of the vat through the circulating line 11 and lilter 13 with the aid of pump 12.
  • the circulating lines may also have feed lines, not shown, for replenishment of the bath liquid.
  • FIGURE 2 shows the apparatus for the treatment of endless metal objects, for example of wires, ribbons, chains and the like. It consists of a U-shaped vat 1a which contains the organic solvent layer A and the aqueous cleansing agent layer B in communicating equilibrium.
  • the right-hand arm oi the U-shaped container contains the aqueous cleansing agent layer and is provided with electrodes 2 and heating jacket 5.
  • the endless material 4a to be cleansed is passed through the bath over rollers 15, rst through layer A and subsequently through layer B.
  • the current feed line 3a is connected to the guide roller 15a mounted above the right arm of the vat.
  • the speed of movement of material 4a and the length of vat 1e can be made to provide a suitable residence time in the bath.
  • Example 1 An oily and dirty object made of brass is introduced through the aqueous layer of a Z-phase cleansing bath into the perchloroethylene layer. After a period of ex'- posure of 2 minutes the brass object is lifted into the aqueous phase which contains 50 gm. per liter soda, 45 gm. per liter sodium hydroxide and 0.05 gm. per liter carboxyrnethyl cellulose, and is cathodicaliy degreased therein for l minute at 3G to 35 C. under the action of an electric current. After this treatment the brass object is free from oil, clean and may be electroplated after passing through a customary rinsing step.
  • the cathodic cleansing step was also applied to brass, copper, nickel, bronze and iron in connection with nickel electroplating, with similar results.
  • iron and all types of steel prior to copper electroplating, it is advantageous to apply an anodic degreasing procedure.
  • Example II For the purpose of cleaning an object made of copper which is highly contaminated with oil, polishing paste and metal clust, it is iirst introduced into the lower layer of a cleansing bath which contains perchloroethylene modified with 0.5 gm. per liter of a condensation product of oleyl alcohol and mols ethylene oxide. After barely two minutes of treatment a considerable portion of the oily and wax-like contaminations are removed from the copper surface. Thereafter, the object is placed into the upper aqueous layer which contains 0.5 gm. per liter tetrapropylene-benzene-sodium sulfonate in addition to 50 gm. per liter soda, 45 gm. per liter sodium hydroxide and 0.5 gm.
  • the copper object may also be degreased under the actron of an electric current during its residence time in the aqueous layer l1n the apparatus described in the principal patent, .the object serving as the cathode.
  • This method in addltion to producing an improvement of the cleansing effect, has the advantage that shorter treatment periods can be used.
  • Example III Sheet metal made of iron, copper, zinc or brass which was highly contaminated with oil and metal dust was cleaned in a vat which contained a layer of perchloroethylene and above this organic layer an aqueous layer containing 50 gm. per liter soda, 45 gm. per liter sodium hydroxide and 0.5 gm. per liter carboxymethy-l cellulose.
  • the sheet metal was treated in each layer for 1 to 2 minutes; an extraordinary cleansing effect was achieved.
  • Emulsification did not occur. Without the use of the surface-active agents, at least twice the cleansing period is required in all cases.
  • a process ⁇ for cleansing metal surfaces by the use of chlorohydrocarbon solvents and aqueous cleansing agent solutions in .a cleaning bath comprising a lower layer of said chlorohydrocarbon solvent and an upper layer of said aqueous cleansing agent solution, the steps comprising treating said metal surfaces first in said chlorohydrocarbon solvent layer and subsequently in said aqueous cleansing agent solution and thereafter rinsing said metal surfaces.
  • a process for cleansing metal surfaces by the use of chlorohydrocarbon solvents and aqueous cleansing agent solutions in a cleaning bath comprising a lower layer of said chlorohydrocarbon solvent land an upper layer of said aqueous cleansing agent solution, the steps comprising treating said metal surfaces first in said chlorohydrocarbon solvent layer ⁇ and subsequently in said aqueous cleansing agent solution under the infiuence of ⁇ heat and electric current and thereafter rinsing said metal surfaces, wherein said metal surfaces are agitated during treatment, and each of said layers is recirculated and filtered.
  • a process for cleansing metal surfaces by the use of chlorohydrocarbon solvents and aqueous cleansing agent solutions, in ⁇ a cleaning bath comprising ⁇ a lower layer of said chlorohydrocarbon solvent and an upper layer of said aqueous cleansing agent solution the steps comprising treating said metal surfaces first in said chlorohydrocarbon solvent layer in the presence of an organophilic surface-active substance and subsequently in said aqueous cleansing agent solution in the presence of a hydrophilic surface-active substance and under the influence of heat and electric current, and thereafter rinsing said metal surfaces, wherein said metal surfaces are agitated during treatment, and each of said layers is recirculated and filtered.
  • a process for continuously cleansing metal surfaces by the use of chlorohydrocarbon solvents and aqueous cleansing agent solutions comprising the steps of providing a bath consisting of a lower layer of a chlorohydrocarbon solvent and a superimposed layer of ⁇ an aqueous cleansing agent solution, passing said metal objects sequentially first through said chlorohydrocarbon solvent layer and then through said aqueous cleansing agent solution and thereafter rinsing.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
US825327A 1958-07-12 1959-07-06 Process for cleaning metal objects Expired - Lifetime US3094469A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DED0028512 1958-07-12
DED0028696 1958-08-06

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US3094469A true US3094469A (en) 1963-06-18

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US (1) US3094469A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE579185A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH418093A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1221349A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB870928A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL241181A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3455737A (en) * 1966-09-09 1969-07-15 Teletype Corp Method of removing a coating
US3494794A (en) * 1965-03-30 1970-02-10 Dow Chemical Co Cleaning method
US3544365A (en) * 1968-11-20 1970-12-01 Conversion Chem Corp Cleaning method
USB371836I5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-06-20 1975-01-28
US3951682A (en) * 1972-03-20 1976-04-20 Allied Chemical Corporation Multi-phase rinse and recovery apparatus
US4367098A (en) * 1981-06-22 1983-01-04 Mccord James W Process for ultrasonic cleaning using two immiscible fluids
US4406938A (en) * 1980-09-17 1983-09-27 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Discharge machining apparatus
US4552627A (en) * 1984-11-13 1985-11-12 Olin Corporation Preparation for improving the adhesion properties of metal foils
US4619706A (en) * 1985-02-28 1986-10-28 Texo Corporation Method for stripping organic coatings from substrates
US5104501A (en) * 1989-06-13 1992-04-14 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Electrolytic cleaning method and electrolytic cleaning solution for stamper
US5174870A (en) * 1991-08-09 1992-12-29 Pct Technology, Inc. Electrocleaning method
US5248343A (en) * 1990-12-07 1993-09-28 Golden Technologies Company, Inc. Method for finishing metal containers
US5271773A (en) * 1990-12-07 1993-12-21 Golden Technologies Company, Inc. Process for cleaning articles with an aqueous solution of terpene and recycle water after separation
US5328518A (en) * 1991-12-06 1994-07-12 Golden Technologies Company, Inc. Method for separating components of liquids in industrial process
US5345958A (en) * 1993-10-04 1994-09-13 Shigeo Otsuka Double fluid layer-type ultrasonic cleaning apparatus
US5421899A (en) * 1990-12-07 1995-06-06 Golden Technologies Company, Inc. Method for cleaning manufacturing lubricants and coolants from metal containers
US5441062A (en) * 1991-10-07 1995-08-15 Sollac Method and device for pickling the edge portions of a sheet immersed in a reactive solution, in particular a hot rolled sheet
US5445680A (en) * 1990-12-07 1995-08-29 Golden Technologies Company, Inc. Method of decorating metal surfaces
US5525371A (en) * 1992-06-10 1996-06-11 Biochem Systems Division, A Division Of Golden Technologies Company, Inc. Method for cleaning parts soiled with oil components and separating terpenes from oil compositions with a ceramic filter
US5542983A (en) * 1990-12-07 1996-08-06 Biochem Systems Process for cleaning metal surfaces with physical emulsion of terpene and water
US5928432A (en) * 1997-09-22 1999-07-27 Lucent Techologies Inc. Method for cleaning electronic components
WO2007056992A1 (de) * 2005-11-21 2007-05-24 Eric Blauenstein Verfahren und mittel zur elektrolytischen reinigung und entzunderung eines metallischen werkstücks

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5727433A (en) * 1995-09-08 1998-03-17 Gerber Garment Technology, Inc. Method for cutting sheet material
US5684692A (en) * 1995-09-08 1997-11-04 Gerber Garment Technology, Inc. Multipaneled digitizer
US5831857A (en) * 1995-09-08 1998-11-03 Gerber Garment Technology, Inc. Pattern alignment and cutting system

Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US781230A (en) * 1904-12-03 1905-01-31 Hugh Rodman Method of coating metals.
US1004673A (en) * 1908-12-23 1911-10-03 Duplex Metals Company Process of and apparatus for making clad metals.
US2077332A (en) * 1934-02-19 1937-04-13 Martin W Krell Process of and apparatus for amalgamating and separating metals
DE725186C (de) * 1940-06-07 1942-09-16 Siemens Ag Anordnung zur elektrolytischen Oxydation von Leichtmetalldraehten und -baendern
US2313422A (en) * 1939-04-28 1943-03-09 Carnegie Illinois Steel Corp Method of pickling metallic strip
US2372599A (en) * 1940-03-29 1945-03-27 John S Nachtman Electrolytic cleaning and pickling of metal surfaces
US2487399A (en) * 1943-09-29 1949-11-08 Oneida Ltd Electroplating apparatus
US2556017A (en) * 1947-01-29 1951-06-05 Edwin E Vonada Electrolytic method and apparatus for cleaning strip
US2653883A (en) * 1951-12-03 1953-09-29 Ford Motor Co Combination steel and die casting cleaning process
US2683692A (en) * 1949-12-23 1954-07-13 Monsanto Chemicals Nonfoaming surface-active alkyl benzene sulfonate composition
US2778791A (en) * 1953-07-20 1957-01-22 Detrex Corp Electrolytic method of cleaning containers
US2953507A (en) * 1952-10-09 1960-09-20 Schwarzkopf Dev Co Method for electrolytic thickness reduction of metal wires
US2957782A (en) * 1956-07-13 1960-10-25 Boller Dev Corp Process for coating ferrous metals

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US781230A (en) * 1904-12-03 1905-01-31 Hugh Rodman Method of coating metals.
US1004673A (en) * 1908-12-23 1911-10-03 Duplex Metals Company Process of and apparatus for making clad metals.
US2077332A (en) * 1934-02-19 1937-04-13 Martin W Krell Process of and apparatus for amalgamating and separating metals
US2313422A (en) * 1939-04-28 1943-03-09 Carnegie Illinois Steel Corp Method of pickling metallic strip
US2372599A (en) * 1940-03-29 1945-03-27 John S Nachtman Electrolytic cleaning and pickling of metal surfaces
DE725186C (de) * 1940-06-07 1942-09-16 Siemens Ag Anordnung zur elektrolytischen Oxydation von Leichtmetalldraehten und -baendern
US2487399A (en) * 1943-09-29 1949-11-08 Oneida Ltd Electroplating apparatus
US2556017A (en) * 1947-01-29 1951-06-05 Edwin E Vonada Electrolytic method and apparatus for cleaning strip
US2683692A (en) * 1949-12-23 1954-07-13 Monsanto Chemicals Nonfoaming surface-active alkyl benzene sulfonate composition
US2653883A (en) * 1951-12-03 1953-09-29 Ford Motor Co Combination steel and die casting cleaning process
US2953507A (en) * 1952-10-09 1960-09-20 Schwarzkopf Dev Co Method for electrolytic thickness reduction of metal wires
US2778791A (en) * 1953-07-20 1957-01-22 Detrex Corp Electrolytic method of cleaning containers
US2957782A (en) * 1956-07-13 1960-10-25 Boller Dev Corp Process for coating ferrous metals

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3494794A (en) * 1965-03-30 1970-02-10 Dow Chemical Co Cleaning method
US3455737A (en) * 1966-09-09 1969-07-15 Teletype Corp Method of removing a coating
US3544365A (en) * 1968-11-20 1970-12-01 Conversion Chem Corp Cleaning method
US3951682A (en) * 1972-03-20 1976-04-20 Allied Chemical Corporation Multi-phase rinse and recovery apparatus
USB371836I5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-06-20 1975-01-28
US3923541A (en) * 1973-06-20 1975-12-02 Litton Systems Inc Vapor degreasing system
US4406938A (en) * 1980-09-17 1983-09-27 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Discharge machining apparatus
US4367098A (en) * 1981-06-22 1983-01-04 Mccord James W Process for ultrasonic cleaning using two immiscible fluids
US4552627A (en) * 1984-11-13 1985-11-12 Olin Corporation Preparation for improving the adhesion properties of metal foils
US4619706A (en) * 1985-02-28 1986-10-28 Texo Corporation Method for stripping organic coatings from substrates
US5104501A (en) * 1989-06-13 1992-04-14 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Electrolytic cleaning method and electrolytic cleaning solution for stamper
US5248343A (en) * 1990-12-07 1993-09-28 Golden Technologies Company, Inc. Method for finishing metal containers
US5271773A (en) * 1990-12-07 1993-12-21 Golden Technologies Company, Inc. Process for cleaning articles with an aqueous solution of terpene and recycle water after separation
US5421899A (en) * 1990-12-07 1995-06-06 Golden Technologies Company, Inc. Method for cleaning manufacturing lubricants and coolants from metal containers
US5445680A (en) * 1990-12-07 1995-08-29 Golden Technologies Company, Inc. Method of decorating metal surfaces
US5542983A (en) * 1990-12-07 1996-08-06 Biochem Systems Process for cleaning metal surfaces with physical emulsion of terpene and water
US5174870A (en) * 1991-08-09 1992-12-29 Pct Technology, Inc. Electrocleaning method
US5441062A (en) * 1991-10-07 1995-08-15 Sollac Method and device for pickling the edge portions of a sheet immersed in a reactive solution, in particular a hot rolled sheet
US5328518A (en) * 1991-12-06 1994-07-12 Golden Technologies Company, Inc. Method for separating components of liquids in industrial process
US5525371A (en) * 1992-06-10 1996-06-11 Biochem Systems Division, A Division Of Golden Technologies Company, Inc. Method for cleaning parts soiled with oil components and separating terpenes from oil compositions with a ceramic filter
US5345958A (en) * 1993-10-04 1994-09-13 Shigeo Otsuka Double fluid layer-type ultrasonic cleaning apparatus
US5928432A (en) * 1997-09-22 1999-07-27 Lucent Techologies Inc. Method for cleaning electronic components
WO2007056992A1 (de) * 2005-11-21 2007-05-24 Eric Blauenstein Verfahren und mittel zur elektrolytischen reinigung und entzunderung eines metallischen werkstücks

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE579185A (fr) 1959-09-16
GB870928A (en) 1961-06-21
CH418093A (de) 1966-07-31
FR1221349A (fr) 1960-06-01
NL241181A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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