US2999064A - Stable aqueous cutting fluid - Google Patents

Stable aqueous cutting fluid Download PDF

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Publication number
US2999064A
US2999064A US792472A US79247259A US2999064A US 2999064 A US2999064 A US 2999064A US 792472 A US792472 A US 792472A US 79247259 A US79247259 A US 79247259A US 2999064 A US2999064 A US 2999064A
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cutting fluid
boric acid
parts
amine
radicals
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Clyde A Sluhan
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Master Chemical Corp
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Master Chemical Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
    • C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/02—Water
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    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C10M2201/082—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing nitrogen
    • C10M2201/083—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing nitrogen nitrites
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    • C10M2201/087—Boron oxides, acids or salts
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/287—Partial esters
    • C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/34—Esters having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. substituted succinic acid derivatives
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    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
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    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/109—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups esterified
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    • C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
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    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
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    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/221—Six-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
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    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/225—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds the rings containing both nitrogen and oxygen
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    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/225—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds the rings containing both nitrogen and oxygen
    • C10M2215/226—Morpholines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/24—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
    • C10M2215/30—Heterocyclic compounds
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    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/042—Metal salts thereof
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    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/02—Esters of silicic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/041—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aliphatic substituents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/22—Metal working with essential removal of material, e.g. cutting, grinding or drilling
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles

Definitions

  • This invention relates to'an aqueous cutting fluid that is superior to prior aqueous cutting'fluids in stability" and in other properties.
  • Aqueous cutting fluids are of great potential value because of their superior cooling action.
  • an aqueous cutting fluid in order to be satisfactory, mustmeet certain strict requirements.
  • an aqueous cutting fluid must meet it must contain ingredients which, in relatively small concentrations, impart powerful lubricating properties to the aqueous composition. Such ingredients, like the other ingredients in an aqueous cutting fluid, must be effective in relatively small concentrations. The use of any such ingredients of an aqueous cutting fluid in a substantial concentration is not feasible because it would entail prohibitive expense and wouldseriously impair the cooling action of the fluid.
  • aqueous cutting fluid must meet is that it must not contain any ingredient that precipitates upon mixing with hard water or during use of the cutting fluid.
  • a further requirement of an aqueous cutting fluid is that is must not contain. any ingredient that may be irritating to the skin.
  • an aqueous cutting fluid must have corrosion inhibiting properties so that it does not cause rustingf or corrosion of any of the common metals.
  • an aqueous cutting fluid must be bactericidal andfungicidal in character so that the growth of bacteria or fungi is prevented.
  • An aqueous cutting fluid is not commercially. acceptable if it has an offensive odor. This is one reason why the fluid should not be capable, of supportingthe growth of bacteria or fungi, since such growth is usually accompanied by the development ofan oifensive odor as well as by formation of a precipitate
  • An aqueous cutting fluid also should be substantially transparent so that it does not interfere with the visibility of the work, and should not foam excessively.
  • aqueous cutting fluids heretofore known have not met the foregoing requirements satisfactorily.
  • the principal object of the invention is to provide a novel aqueous cutting fluid which is not irritating to the skin, has an exceptionally high lubricating action, inhibits corrosion of common metals, remains free from precipitation and from offensive odor and is substantially transparent. More specific objects and advantages are apparent from the following description, which discloses and illus trates the invention and is not intended to limit its scope.
  • a stable aqueous cutting fluid embodying the invention comprises a reaction product of boric acid and an aliphatic amine having from 1 to 3 aliphatic radicals each of which- :ontains from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom.
  • An aque-- ous cutting fluid embodying'the invention gives excellent results in applications in which the pressure per unit of area is relatively low, suchas surface grinding operations in which a large surface is being ground or inw hich a number of pieces are being ground simultaneously.
  • an aqueous cutting fluid embodying the invention preferably. contains, in addition to the reactionproductof boric acid and the aliphatic amine, a reaction product of such an amine and an unsaturated any substituent consists of a single hydroxy group.
  • number of radicals of such fatty acid in the composition preferably is from /2 to /s the'number of boric acid radicals, but may be a smaller proportion, for example A or A; the number of boric acid radicals.
  • an aqueous cutting fluid embodying the invention has superior stability. Moreover, a cutting fluid embodying the invention is an excellent corrosion inhibitor for cast iron and steel. It-also ing to the skin or otherwise harmful to the operator. I
  • Another ingredient that-may be used very advantageously in a cutting fluid embodying the invention is a gelforming solvent of the class consisting of higher alcohols and ethers.
  • a gelforming solvent of the class consisting of higher alcohols and ethers is one important advantage of such an ingredient.
  • the boric acid used in preparing an aqueous cutting fluid of the invention may be obtained by using ordinary boric acid (i.e., or'thoboric acid, H BO or any other boron compound that forms boric acid in aqueous solu tion, for example, metaboric acid or boric oxide. It is believed that the boric acid forms an addition product or. salt with the amine in a cutting fluid of the invention.
  • ordinary boric acid i.e., or'thoboric acid, H BO or any other boron compound that forms boric acid in aqueous solu tion, for example, metaboric acid or boric oxide. It is believed that the boric acid forms an addition product or. salt with the amine in a cutting fluid of the invention.
  • boric acid in a cutting fluid of the invention acts as a rust inhibitor. Furthermore, an addition product of boric acid and an amine is asyrupy liquid and does not precipitate out of the cutting fluid. In addition, boric acid, unlike phosphoric acid and other acids whose salts have been employed in cutting fluids, has bactericidal properties.
  • the aliphatic amines which can be used in the practice of the invention each of which has from 1 to 3 aliphatic radicals, each containing from l'to 4 carbon atoms, and has at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom, include primary, secondary and tertiary alkylol amines such as mono'-, dior triethanolamine. These amines are water soluable and are free from oifensi-ve odor.
  • the preferred amine for use in the practice of the invention is triethanolamine, which ordinarily comprises minor amounts of mono or diethanolamine, and has no odor; its mildly alkaline properties aid in making/the present cutting fluids extremely low in toxicity and absolutely safe against dermatitis; and, in combination with boric acid, it is an excellent rust inhibitor for castiron and steel.
  • the unsaturated fatty acids used in the practice of the invention are effective lubricants which inhibit the corrosion of cast iron and steel. Furthermore, the amine salts of unsaturated fatty acids used in the practice of the invention are not irritating to the skin.
  • the fatty acids which may be used in the practice of the invention include the unsaturated acids derived from vegetable oils, such as oleic, linoleic, elaidic, linolenic, erucic and eleostearic acids.
  • unsaturated acids derived from vegetable oils such as oleic, linoleic, elaidic, linolenic, erucic and eleostearic acids.
  • a saturated fatty acid such as stearic acid is undesirable in the practice of the invention because its amine salts are solid pastes.
  • Amine salts of saturated fatty acids such as coconut oil fatty acids (primarily lauric acid), on the other hand, not only are too thin liquids but also are irritating to the skin.)
  • Ricinoleic acid may be used in the practice of the invention, although the use of ricinoleic acid produces a cutting fluid that has less body and lower viscosity than a cutting fluid produced by the use of oleic acid.
  • Triethanolamine is preferred in the practice of the invention not only for the reasons hereinbefore stated, but also because its salts with the unsubstituted higher unsaturated fatty acids that may be used in the practice of the invention, particularly with oleic acid, have outstanding wetting properties.
  • the triethanolamine salt of oleic acid imparts excellent extreme pressure lubricity to cutting fluids of the invention.
  • Nonionic wetting agents are distinguished from anionand cation-active compounds by their superior stability toward saline solutions and salts of heavy metals and alkaline earth metals. Although these agents have the colloidal character of soap, they do not form salts.
  • a nonionic wetting agent increases the emulsifying and softening powers of anionand cation-active compounds.
  • a nonionic wetting agent in the practice of the invention to prevent the separation of the 'ingredientsof a concentrated solution and to prevent the precipitation in hard water of a wetting agent such as triethanolamine oleate (e.g., as calcium oleate).
  • nonionic wetting agents which may be used in the practice of the invention include polymerization products of ethylene oxide; condensation products of fatty bodies or their derivatives (derivatives of fatty acids, fatty alcohols, fatty amides or fatty amines) with ethylene oxide; and products obtained by condensation of oxyalkylaryl compounds (derivatives of alkylphenols or alkylnaphthols) with ethylene oxide. It is preferable that the nonionic wetting agents in these classes be of the soluble rather than the non-dispersible or dispersible type, since the soluble agents produce completely clear solutions and possess particularly effective softening and penetrating properties in aqueous solutions containing electrolytes and metallic salts.
  • nonionic wetting agents include the polyethoxyesters of fatty acids, the monooleate of polyethylene glycol, the monolaurate of polyethylene glycol, the polyethoxyethers of fatty alcohols, the condensation product of an alkyl phenol such as dodecyl phenol with 12 mols of ethylene oxide, and the sulfonated product of the condensation of an alkylphenol or an alkylnaphthol with ethylene oxide.
  • a particularly eflicient nonionic wetting agent is an alkylated aryl poly. ether alcohol.
  • ANTIFOAM AGENTS The use of a foam inhibitor in the practice of the invention, by preventing cutting fluids of the invention from foaming, increases their efficiency and also helps to keep the fluids clear during a cutting operation so as to make it easier to see the work.
  • any known antifoam agent which has a surface tension lower than that of the cutting fluid, which has a low solubility in the cutting fiuid and which is readily dispersible on the cutting fluid may be employed.
  • Such substances include silicon compounds, ethyl oleyl glycol ophosphate, trioctyl triyolyglycol tetrapolyphosphate, glyceryl monoricinoleate, Z-amino-Z-methyl-l-propanol, tetraoctyl pyrophosphate, mono-oleyl dipolyglycol o-phosphate, diethylene glycol monooleate, diglycol dinaphthenate, ethyl phosphate, polyoxyalkylene sorbitan monooleate, n-nonyl alcohol, n-butyl phthalate and substantially completely fluorinated hydrocarbons having from 5 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • the silicon compounds, particularly silicones are by far the most
  • the preferred antifoam agents include silicones having the general formula W-an.
  • R is a saturated straight, branched or closed chain hydrocarbon group having up to 24 carbon atoms, n is the average number of such radicals per silicon atom and X is an integer greater than 1; and saturated alkyl silicates having the general formula in which R is the same as in the above formula and Z is oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium.
  • silicone and silicate antifoam agents are those of higher molecular weight, for example those in which each saturated hydrocarbon group is a straight, branched or closed chain group having from 14 to 24 carbon atoms, the total number of carbon atoms being at least 24.
  • the hydrocarbon groups may be substituted with alkoxy, nitro, halogen, esterified sulfonic, etc. groups which do not interfere with the foam-reducing properties of the silicon compounds.
  • the hydrocarbon groups may be, for example, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl, eicosyl, heneicosyl, docosyl, tricosyl or tetracosyl.
  • the silicones may be prepared by hydrolyzing the corresponding organosilicon halide, such as. the chloride, bromide or iodide (preferably the chloride) by any of the well-known procedures for hydrolyzing halosilanes and then partially or completely condensing the resulting silanols.
  • organosilicon halide such as. the chloride, bromide or iodide (preferably the chloride)
  • the silicates may be prepared by reacting the desired alcohol, selenol, mercaptan or tellurol (or mixtures thereof) with silicon tetrachloride and water to obtain the meta silicate, or with tetraethyl orthosilicate to obtain the ortho silicate by ester exchange reaction.
  • the silicone antifoam agents may be used in conjunction with other foam-reducing agents, e.g., sulfonated fish oils or high molecular weight saturated fatty acids.
  • the cutting fluids of the invention may be prepared in the form of thixotropic gels by the incorporation of a solvent of the class consisting of alcohols having more than three carbon atoms and their ethers.
  • a solvent of the class consisting of alcohols having more than three carbon atoms and their ethers is desirable because it helps to prevent the ingredients of the present cutting fluids from separating out.
  • a silicone antifoam agent is present in a cutting fluid of the invention, it is essential that such gelforming solvent be present in order toprevent the silicone from separating.
  • a gel-forming solvent such as pine oil coacts with the silicone in a synergistic manner to give enhanced antifoam properties.
  • any alcohol having more than three carbon atoms such as a butyl, amyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl or nonyl alcohol may be used as a gel-forming solvent
  • a higher cyclic alcohol such as a cyclic terpene alcohol is preferred for its pleasant, antiseptic odor.
  • Pine oil whose chief constituent is a terpineol, and Sassafras oil, which consists mainly of safrole, are excellent gel-forming solvents for use in the practice of the invention. These substances not only lack offensive odor but'also are free of skin-irritating properties. Furthermore, they even act as mild germicides and possess foam inhibiting propertiesof their own.
  • season Terpinyl ethylene glycol ether is. a particularly advan'-' tageousgel-formingisolvent. It has substantially all of the advantages of pine oil audsassafras oil, and has the further advantage that it has only a very mild odor. This substance is probably .the most usefulgel-forming solvent in the practice of the present invention b'ecauseit can be incorporated in the desired quantities without imparting a strong odor to the composition.
  • Another ingredient that is advantageous in a cutting fluid of the invention is a substance suchas an alkali metal borate or an alkali metal nitrite, which acts both as a rust inhibitor and as an aid in the formation of a thixotropic gel with a gel-forming solvent such as pine oil.
  • the potassium compounds such as potassium tetra borate and potassium nitrite are preferred.
  • Potassium tetra borate is a particularly good corrosion inhibitor and has bactericidal properties.
  • Potassium nitrite on the other handgives cutting fluids. that tend to form a liquid residue upon drying rather than a paste or gum. The formation of a liquid residue upon drying greatly facilitates the use of the cutting fluid.
  • ingredients of the cutting fluid of the invention have bactericidal properties
  • the ingredients may be mixed in any desired order, so long as the final product is a water-miscible, water-clear fluid.
  • the boric acid (desirably in finely divided form to facilitate solution) is mixed with water and the amine, and the mixture is stirred at room temperature until the boric acid is dissolved.
  • molar equivalents of the amine and the boric acid may be used, it is preferable to employ an excess of the amine (e.g., about a 1 to 100 percent excess, and preferably about a 3 to 10 percent excess).
  • a salt of the unsaturated fatty acid with the amine may be added to the solution of the boric acid and the amine at room temperature.
  • the unsaturated fatty acid itself may be, added slowly to a solution comprising the boric acid and a suflicient amount of the amine over the excess described above to react with the fatty acid, and the mixture may be allowed to stand until the amine salt of the fatty acid is formed. (Usually about three hours at room temperature is sufiicient for the reaction to take place.) This procedure is ordinarily desirable, particularly when the same amine salt of both the boric acid and the unsaturated fatty acid is used in the cutting fluid.
  • triethanolamine salts of boric acid and oleic acid are particularly advantageous.
  • a nonionic agent as hereinbefore described in order to stabilize the solution (i.e., to prevent precipitation of the former wetting 7 agent) and to keep the solution clear.
  • a gel-forming solvent for example, pine oil
  • an antifoam agent may then be added to form a thixotropic gel;
  • the proportion of gel-forming solvent may range from about 20 to about 60 grams per mol of the boric acid, but preferably is from about 30 to '50 grams per mol of the boric acid.
  • the proportion of antifoarn agent depends, of course, upon the eifecti-veness of the agent and upon the degree of foaming. of the cutting. fluid,
  • additives such as sodium nitrite and germicides in water and then to add this solution slowly. to the cutting fluid.
  • additives such as sodium nitrite and germicides
  • the extent of water dilution of the concentrate prepared as described above depends upon the particular cutting operation in which the fluid is to be employed.
  • the cutting fluids of the invention are eifective when such a concentrate is diluted with as much "as times its weight of water, although the preferred cutting fluids are prepared by diluting such a concentrate with 20 to 50 times its weight of water.
  • Example 2 A cutting'fluid of the invention is prepared by the following procedure:
  • a cutting fluid is prepared by the procedure described in (a) except that the proportion of pine oil is approximately 20 parts and the proportion of sodium nitrite is 10 parts.
  • the concentrate prepared as described in (a) above is tested for load-carrying properties by the standard Falex seizure test employing steel V-blocks and steel pins. After a three minute break-in period at 300 pounds jaw load, the load is increased in increments of 100 pounds with one minute running time, until failure occurs. The load failure is a measure of the load-carrying properties of the composition under test.
  • the Falex load at failure of an aqueous solution comprising 2 percent of the concentrate prepared as described in (a) is 4300 pounds; comprising 4 percent of the concentrate, 4500 pounds (the maximum load of which the machine is capable).
  • the surface tension (measured by a Du Nuoy tensionrneter) of an aqueous solution comprising 20 percent of the concentrate prepared as described in (a) above is 26.1 dynes; comprising 11.1 percent of the concentrate, 26.4 dynes; 7.7 percent of the concentrate, 26.7 dynes; and 5.9 percent of the concentrate, 27.0 dynes.
  • a heavy duty soluble oil which comprises 3.17 percent sulfur and 0.7 percent chlorine has a surface tension of 35.7 dynes in an 11.1 percent solution; 37.3 dynes in a 7.7 percent solution; and 38.2 dynes in a 5.9 percent solution.
  • the surface tension of water is 72 dynes at room temperature.
  • a cutting fluid of the invention wets much better than water or a soluble oil emulsion. (Good wetting is not obtained until a surface tension below 30 dynes is reached.)
  • Example 3 A cutting fluid ofthe invention is prepared by procedure that is the same as in Example 1(a) except that the amount of water in the first addition is 369 parts; the amount of water in the second addition is 40 parts; potassium nitrite parts) is used instead of sodium nitrite; the amount of the silicone antifoam agent used 8 is 1.0 part; the amount of pine oil is 6.6 parts; and terpinyl ethylene glycol ether (17.5 parts) and sassafras oil (2.2 parts) are added along with the pine oil.
  • the resulting concentrate is superior to those prepared in ac-' cordance with Example 1 in that it produces cutting fluids which have a less pronounced odor andwhich,
  • a sample of each of the nineteen concentrates so prepared was placed in a closed bottle, and a sample of each of the nineteen concentrates was poured into a watch glass which was then left exposed to the air at room temperature.
  • results of keeping the samples in closed bottles indicate the stability of the concentrates in storage, and the results of exposing the samples in watch glasses indi cate the stability of the concentrates when left in open containers and indicate also the nature of the residue, if any, which might accumulate on a machine tool after several months use of a cutting fluid prepared from the concentrate in question.
  • results indicate that increasing the proportion of potassium nitrite (although it tends to give greater inhibition of the corrosion of steel) tends to reduce the stability of the concentrate. It was found also that increasing the amount of potassium nitrite tends to produce concentrates which are darker in color.
  • Example 4 A concentrate prepared as in Example 1 is mixed with from to twice its weight of a concentrate prepared as in Example 2(a). The resulting concentrate makes a good general purpose cutting fluid for grinding and machining when diluted with 20 to 40 times its weight of water. The lubricating effect increases as the proportion of the concentrate prepared as in Example 2(a) increases.
  • the concentrate so prepared has properties similar to those of the concentrate prepared in accordance with Example 2(a). It may be diluted with 5 to 100 times its weight of water to produce a cutting fluid which is found to have excellent stability and to inhibit corrosion of common metals.
  • the crude mixture of fatty acids derived from rapeseed oil can be used in place of erucic acid, the resulting concentrate being slightly darker in color.
  • Example 6 A concentrate is prepared by the same procedure used in Example 5 except that the ingredients used are: boric acid (30.4 parts), triethanolamine (130.5 parts), water (349 parts), castor oil fatty acids, consisting of approximately 80 percent by weight of ricinoleic acid (69.13 parts), Triton X-100 (10 parts); a solution in 56 parts of water of sodium nitrite (20 parts) and Vancide No. 51 (13.2 parts); and pine oil (9.6 parts).
  • the resulting concentrate which is a liquid, can be used to give results very similar to those obtained with the concentrates prepared in accordance with Examples 2(a) and 5, which are gels, with the exception that the concentrates which are gels are more suitable for the incorporation of a silicone foam inhibitor, and have less tendency to foam because they include such a foam inhibitor.
  • the concentrate prepared in accordance with the present example may be diluted with 5 to 100 times its weight of water to produce cutting fluids, and the cutting fluids so prepared have been found to be stable and to inhibit corrosion of common metals.
  • a stable aqueous cutting fluid consisting essentially of a reaction product of boric acid and an allphatic amine, having from 1 to 3 aliphatic radicals each of which contains from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom, the number of radicals of the amine in the composition being at least as great as and not more than 100 percent greater than the number of radicals of boric acid, and at least an amount of water that is from 5 to 40 times the molar amount of boric acid, measured as free boric acid, and is sufficient to give a clear liquid, any further amount of water consisting of not more than an amount sufficient to produce a further 100/ l dilution of the composition by weight.
  • a stable aqueous cutting fluid as claimed in claim 1 which also contains a reaction product of an unsaturated fatty acid having from 18 to 22 carbon atoms in which any substituent consists of a single hydroxy group and an aliphatic amine, having from 1 to 3 aliphatic radicals each of which contains from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom, the number of radicals of such fatty acid in the composition being from A; to the number of boric acid radicals, the number of radicals of such amine being at least as great as the sum of the number of boric acid radicals and the number of fatty acid radicals, and being not more than the sum of the number of fatty acid radicals plus twice the number of boric acid radicals.
  • a stable aqueous cutting fluid consisting essentially of reaction products of boric acid and an unsubstituted unsaturated fatty acid having from 18 to 22 carbon atoms with an aliphatic amine, having from 1 to 3 aliphatic radicals each of which contains from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and having at least one hydroxy group attached to a. carbon atom, the number of radicals of such fatty acid in the composition being from A; to the number of boric acid radicals, the number of radicals of suchamine being at least as great as the sum of the number of boric acid radicals and the number of fatty acid radicals, and being not more than the sum of the number of fatty acid radicals plus twice the number of boric acid radicals.
  • a stable aqueous cutting fluid as claimed in claim 6 which also contains a gel-forming solvent of the class consisting of alcohols having more than three carbon atoms and their ethers, the amount of such solvent being from 20 to 60 grams per mol of boric acid in the composition, measured as free boric acid.
  • a stable aqueous cutting fluid as claimed in claim 7' which also contains from 1 to 7 grams of a silicone antifoam agent per mol of boric acid in the composition, measured as free boric acid.
  • a stable aqueous cutting fluid as claimed in claim 8 which also contains from 20 to grams of potassium tetra borate per mol of boric acid in the composition, measured as free boric acid.

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Cited By (41)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US3140222A (en) * 1961-12-22 1964-07-07 Nalco Chemical Co Treatment of fourdrinier wire
US3150035A (en) * 1961-12-22 1964-09-22 Nalco Chemical Co Treatment of fourdrinier wire
US3186946A (en) * 1961-06-09 1965-06-01 Master Chemical Corp Aqueous cutting fluid
US3657123A (en) * 1970-03-23 1972-04-18 Atlantic Richfield Co Lubricant compositions
US3969236A (en) * 1974-03-13 1976-07-13 Waldstein David A Compositions containing monoalkanolamide borates
US4146488A (en) * 1978-01-24 1979-03-27 Union Carbide Corporation Metal lubricants
US4209414A (en) * 1978-03-13 1980-06-24 E. F. Houghton And Co. Dual-purpose hydraulic fluid
US4313837A (en) * 1980-05-02 1982-02-02 Amax, Inc. Using molybdates to inhibit corrosion in water-based metalworking fluids
US4328113A (en) * 1980-01-14 1982-05-04 Mobil Oil Corporation Friction reducing additives and compositions thereof
EP0120665A3 (en) * 1983-03-23 1985-04-03 The British Petroleum Company P.L.C. Soluble oil cutting fluid
US4533481A (en) * 1983-04-20 1985-08-06 The Lubrizol Corporation Polycarboxylic acid/boric acid/amine salts and aqueous systems containing same
US4557843A (en) * 1981-11-09 1985-12-10 Union Oil Company Of California Boron-containing heterocyclic compounds and lubricating compositions containing the same
US4595514A (en) * 1983-08-23 1986-06-17 Union Oil Company Of California Boron-containing heterocyclic compound and lubricating compositions containing same
US4623474A (en) * 1981-12-10 1986-11-18 Union Oil Company Of California Oxidation and corrosion inhibitors for boron-containing lubricants
US4627930A (en) * 1980-06-12 1986-12-09 Union Oil Company Of California Boron-containing heterocyclic compounds and lubricating oil containing same
US4629579A (en) * 1980-06-12 1986-12-16 Union Oil Company Of California Boron derivatives
US4629580A (en) * 1980-06-12 1986-12-16 Union Oil Company Of California Boron-containing heterocyclic compounds and lubricating oil containing same
US4650595A (en) * 1982-11-11 1987-03-17 Kao Corporation Metal working water-soluble lubricant composition and method of feeding same
US4657686A (en) * 1980-06-12 1987-04-14 Union Oil Company Of California Lubricating compositions
US4686056A (en) * 1980-06-12 1987-08-11 Union Oil Company Of California Metal-boron derivatives as lubricant additives
US4724099A (en) * 1980-06-12 1988-02-09 Union Oil Company Of California Lubricating compositions
US4801729A (en) * 1980-06-12 1989-01-31 Union Oil Company Of California Lubricating compositions
US4892670A (en) * 1985-01-29 1990-01-09 Union Oil Company Of California Lubricating compositions
US4976919A (en) * 1984-10-30 1990-12-11 Berol Kemi Ab Method for mechanically working cobalt-containing metal
US5055231A (en) * 1988-03-12 1991-10-08 Rewo Chemische Werke Gmbh Reaction products of boric acid and alkanoletheramines and their use as corrosion inhibitors
US5100583A (en) * 1988-02-16 1992-03-31 United States Borax & Chemical Corporation Aqueous boron-containing compositions
US5256323A (en) * 1990-01-11 1993-10-26 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Compositions containing 2,2',2"-nitrilotriethanol cyclometalates
US5417869A (en) * 1989-11-27 1995-05-23 Mobil Oil Corporation Surfactants and cutting oil formulations using these surfactants which resist microbial degradation
US5507962A (en) * 1993-05-18 1996-04-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Commerce Method of fabricating articles
US5614653A (en) * 1995-04-11 1997-03-25 Stoller Enterprises, Inc. Solubilization of boric acid
US5795400A (en) * 1994-05-16 1998-08-18 Berger; Mitchell H. Method for recycling coolant for a cutting machine
US5985803A (en) * 1997-12-05 1999-11-16 The Lubrizol Corporation Polyethoxylated alcohol-based phosphonates for metal working lubricants
US20030065058A1 (en) * 1999-08-26 2003-04-03 Piedrahita Carlos A. Method and use of incorporating water soluble or water dispersible polymer(s) into a metalworking emulsifiable concentrate to form a stable metalworking emulsifiable concentrate and end use emulsion
US20050048211A1 (en) * 2003-09-02 2005-03-03 Kloeckener James R. Composition and process for improving the adhesion of a siccative organic coating compositions to metal substrates
US20050096235A1 (en) * 2003-10-29 2005-05-05 Mccullough Anthony A. Water-based metal working fluid
US20060122072A1 (en) * 2002-10-25 2006-06-08 University Of Chicago Metalworking and machining fluids
US20060160710A1 (en) * 2005-01-19 2006-07-20 Steven E. Rayfield Synthetic metal working fluids for ferrous metals
WO2010040859A3 (de) * 2008-10-10 2010-07-15 Magna Steyr Fahrzeugtechnik Ag & Co Kg Korrosionsschutzmittel für metallische bauteile
US20110303210A1 (en) * 2008-12-20 2011-12-15 Steven Grumbine Wiresaw cutting method
EP1928987B1 (en) * 2005-03-15 2019-07-24 Ecolab USA Inc. Method for lubricating the passage of a container along a conveyor
US12281280B2 (en) 2013-03-11 2025-04-22 Ecolab Usa Inc. Lubrication of transfer plates using an oil or oil in water emulsions

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US2625509A (en) * 1950-03-20 1953-01-13 Soeony Vacuum Oil Company Inc Cutting fluid and coolant
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Cited By (54)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3186946A (en) * 1961-06-09 1965-06-01 Master Chemical Corp Aqueous cutting fluid
US3150035A (en) * 1961-12-22 1964-09-22 Nalco Chemical Co Treatment of fourdrinier wire
US3140222A (en) * 1961-12-22 1964-07-07 Nalco Chemical Co Treatment of fourdrinier wire
US3657123A (en) * 1970-03-23 1972-04-18 Atlantic Richfield Co Lubricant compositions
US3969236A (en) * 1974-03-13 1976-07-13 Waldstein David A Compositions containing monoalkanolamide borates
US4022713A (en) * 1974-03-13 1977-05-10 Waldstein David A Compositions containing monoalkanolamide borates
US4146488A (en) * 1978-01-24 1979-03-27 Union Carbide Corporation Metal lubricants
US4209414A (en) * 1978-03-13 1980-06-24 E. F. Houghton And Co. Dual-purpose hydraulic fluid
US4328113A (en) * 1980-01-14 1982-05-04 Mobil Oil Corporation Friction reducing additives and compositions thereof
US4313837A (en) * 1980-05-02 1982-02-02 Amax, Inc. Using molybdates to inhibit corrosion in water-based metalworking fluids
US4629580A (en) * 1980-06-12 1986-12-16 Union Oil Company Of California Boron-containing heterocyclic compounds and lubricating oil containing same
US4801729A (en) * 1980-06-12 1989-01-31 Union Oil Company Of California Lubricating compositions
US4724099A (en) * 1980-06-12 1988-02-09 Union Oil Company Of California Lubricating compositions
US4686056A (en) * 1980-06-12 1987-08-11 Union Oil Company Of California Metal-boron derivatives as lubricant additives
US4657686A (en) * 1980-06-12 1987-04-14 Union Oil Company Of California Lubricating compositions
US4627930A (en) * 1980-06-12 1986-12-09 Union Oil Company Of California Boron-containing heterocyclic compounds and lubricating oil containing same
US4629579A (en) * 1980-06-12 1986-12-16 Union Oil Company Of California Boron derivatives
US4557843A (en) * 1981-11-09 1985-12-10 Union Oil Company Of California Boron-containing heterocyclic compounds and lubricating compositions containing the same
US4623474A (en) * 1981-12-10 1986-11-18 Union Oil Company Of California Oxidation and corrosion inhibitors for boron-containing lubricants
US4650595A (en) * 1982-11-11 1987-03-17 Kao Corporation Metal working water-soluble lubricant composition and method of feeding same
EP0120665A3 (en) * 1983-03-23 1985-04-03 The British Petroleum Company P.L.C. Soluble oil cutting fluid
US4533481A (en) * 1983-04-20 1985-08-06 The Lubrizol Corporation Polycarboxylic acid/boric acid/amine salts and aqueous systems containing same
US4595514A (en) * 1983-08-23 1986-06-17 Union Oil Company Of California Boron-containing heterocyclic compound and lubricating compositions containing same
US4976919A (en) * 1984-10-30 1990-12-11 Berol Kemi Ab Method for mechanically working cobalt-containing metal
US4892670A (en) * 1985-01-29 1990-01-09 Union Oil Company Of California Lubricating compositions
US5100583A (en) * 1988-02-16 1992-03-31 United States Borax & Chemical Corporation Aqueous boron-containing compositions
US5055231A (en) * 1988-03-12 1991-10-08 Rewo Chemische Werke Gmbh Reaction products of boric acid and alkanoletheramines and their use as corrosion inhibitors
US5417869A (en) * 1989-11-27 1995-05-23 Mobil Oil Corporation Surfactants and cutting oil formulations using these surfactants which resist microbial degradation
US5256323A (en) * 1990-01-11 1993-10-26 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Compositions containing 2,2',2"-nitrilotriethanol cyclometalates
US5380344A (en) * 1990-01-11 1995-01-10 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Compositions comprising 2,2',2"-nitrilotriethanol cyclometalates
US5481039A (en) * 1990-01-11 1996-01-02 Ciba-Geigy Corp. Compositions comprising 2,2',2"-nitrilotriethanol cyclometalates
US5507962A (en) * 1993-05-18 1996-04-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Commerce Method of fabricating articles
US5795400A (en) * 1994-05-16 1998-08-18 Berger; Mitchell H. Method for recycling coolant for a cutting machine
US5983910A (en) * 1994-05-16 1999-11-16 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Method and apparatus for recycling coolant for a cutting machine
US6343610B1 (en) 1994-05-16 2002-02-05 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Method and apparatus for recycling coolant for a cutting machine
US6435198B2 (en) 1994-05-16 2002-08-20 Masco Corporation Of Indiana System for cooling and washing a part formed in a metal forming machine
US6460549B2 (en) 1994-05-16 2002-10-08 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Method and apparatus for degreasing a metal part
US5614653A (en) * 1995-04-11 1997-03-25 Stoller Enterprises, Inc. Solubilization of boric acid
US5985803A (en) * 1997-12-05 1999-11-16 The Lubrizol Corporation Polyethoxylated alcohol-based phosphonates for metal working lubricants
US20030065058A1 (en) * 1999-08-26 2003-04-03 Piedrahita Carlos A. Method and use of incorporating water soluble or water dispersible polymer(s) into a metalworking emulsifiable concentrate to form a stable metalworking emulsifiable concentrate and end use emulsion
US20060122072A1 (en) * 2002-10-25 2006-06-08 University Of Chicago Metalworking and machining fluids
US7811975B2 (en) 2002-10-25 2010-10-12 Ali Erdemir Metalworking and machining fluids
US20060286393A1 (en) * 2003-09-02 2006-12-21 Kloeckener James R Composition and process for improving the adhesion of a siccative organic coating compositions to metal substrates
US20050048211A1 (en) * 2003-09-02 2005-03-03 Kloeckener James R. Composition and process for improving the adhesion of a siccative organic coating compositions to metal substrates
US7223299B2 (en) 2003-09-02 2007-05-29 Atotech Deutschland Gmbh Composition and process for improving the adhesion of a siccative organic coating compositions to metal substrates
WO2005021835A1 (en) * 2003-09-02 2005-03-10 Atotech Deutschland Gmbh Composition and process for improving the adhesion of a siccative organic coating compositions to metal substrates
US7018959B2 (en) 2003-10-29 2006-03-28 Miller Environmental Water-based metal working fluid
US20050096235A1 (en) * 2003-10-29 2005-05-05 Mccullough Anthony A. Water-based metal working fluid
US20060160710A1 (en) * 2005-01-19 2006-07-20 Steven E. Rayfield Synthetic metal working fluids for ferrous metals
EP1928987B1 (en) * 2005-03-15 2019-07-24 Ecolab USA Inc. Method for lubricating the passage of a container along a conveyor
WO2010040859A3 (de) * 2008-10-10 2010-07-15 Magna Steyr Fahrzeugtechnik Ag & Co Kg Korrosionsschutzmittel für metallische bauteile
US20110303210A1 (en) * 2008-12-20 2011-12-15 Steven Grumbine Wiresaw cutting method
US8960177B2 (en) * 2008-12-20 2015-02-24 Cabot Microelectronics Corporation Wiresaw cutting method
US12281280B2 (en) 2013-03-11 2025-04-22 Ecolab Usa Inc. Lubrication of transfer plates using an oil or oil in water emulsions

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