US2910000A - Hollow charge projectile - Google Patents

Hollow charge projectile Download PDF

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Publication number
US2910000A
US2910000A US398388A US39838853A US2910000A US 2910000 A US2910000 A US 2910000A US 398388 A US398388 A US 398388A US 39838853 A US39838853 A US 39838853A US 2910000 A US2910000 A US 2910000A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
fuze
projectile
striker
carrier
charge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US398388A
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English (en)
Inventor
Brandt Edgar William
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Anstalt Fuer die Entwicklung von Erfindungen und Gewerblichen Anwendungen ENERGA
Original Assignee
Anstalt Fuer die Entwicklung von Erfindungen und Gewerblichen Anwendungen ENERGA
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Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2910000A publication Critical patent/US2910000A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C1/00—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact
    • F42C1/02—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact with firing-pin structurally combined with fuze
    • F42C1/04—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact with firing-pin structurally combined with fuze operating by inertia of members on impact
    • F42C1/06—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact with firing-pin structurally combined with fuze operating by inertia of members on impact for any direction of impact
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • F42B12/10—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with shaped or hollow charge

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a hollow charge projectile of the kind having a fuze adapted to transmit the fire to a rear detonator disposed in the explosive charge.
  • the fuze must have the additional function of destroying and dispersing the whole of its component parts and also the ballisticcap of the projectile on percussion, in order not to hamper the axial concentration and the passage of the metallic particles constituting the perforating jet;
  • Too long a fuze carried forward of the cap may unfavourably influence the external ballistics of the projectile and impair accuracy of firing, so that it is advantageous to increase as much as possible both the speed of functioning of the fuze on percussion and the speed of transmission of the fire from said fuze to the rear detonator.
  • the first solution which isinteresting because of'the high speed of transmission obtained, has the disadvantage of adversely affecting the metal cone through the axial orifice of which transmission is effected andrat the same time reducing the power of the perforating jet.
  • the second solution which is satisfactory for projectiles the firing speed of which is low, is no longer so when applied to a projectile fired at high speed.
  • the speed of the shock wave of the order of 2,500 metres per second, is in fact then insufiicient for the explosion to occur at the required distance from the target and thus to achieve optimum perforation.
  • the present invention provides in ahollow charge projectile of the type comprising a percussion fuze functioning by inertia and by driving-in and fire transmission means adapted to transmit the fire to a rear detonator housed behind the perforation cone lining the cavity of said charge, a construction in which said means comprise a tubular body containing an explosive transmission column at the front end of which said fuze is fixed as a projectiom in front of a chamber ensuring its security against shock or dropping, by being driven back into said chamber, the tubular body and the explosive column that it contains being extended inside the projectile over the entire length of the ballistic cap of the projectile and' detonator, so that the functioning of the percussion ele-" ments of the fuze is so instantaneous, even with a high angle of incidence of impact on thetarget, and the weight of said elements is so low, that'the tubular body carrying the explosive charge undergoes no deviation before having functioned and effected the'transmission of fire to the rear deton
  • the afore defined construction has the advantageof obtaining the highest possible speed of transmission of; the fire from the head fuze to the main detonator, without risk of spoiling the metal cone, and at the same time permits the completest possible elimination of the inert elements which constitute the mechanical parts of the fuze and of the tubular body of the explosive charge and the ballistic cap of the projectile, which are expelled laterally in the form of small splinters, before the formation of the perforating jet, which latter can then produce the optimum effect on the target.
  • the tubular body containingthe explosive column is extended, forward of the ballistic cap over a length proportionate to the speed of impact of the projectile at practical firing distances, thus constituting an antenna, from the end of which projects a percussion fuze of very small mass and the hard head of which, .havinga cutting edge, is adapted to bite into any target, even-those possessing great resistance.
  • the fuze-carrier antenna has an external diameter increasing from the front end towards the base by which it is fixed on the ballistic cap of the projectile.
  • the mechanical resistance to deformation and decentering which said antenna might undergo in the course of transport and handling is thus reinforced.
  • the tubular body and the explosive column which it contains may be constructed of one or more sections joined toone another by screwing or otherwise, each section being supported by a thin wad which does not impair the speed of transmission of the fire.
  • said fuze comprises a primer carrier open at the rear and acting at the same time as striker carrier, said primer carrier being housed in a fuze body which nests in the front part of a hollow fuze carrier constituting a cylindro-conical chamber of a height at least equal to that of the fuze, and the rear part of which, of a diameter decreasing from front to rear, ends (if desired with the interposition of a relay primer) at the top ofthe explosive fire transmission column.
  • the fuze body is preferably made of a material of greater density and strength than the other elements constituting the fuze, in order to promote, particularly by the effect of inertia, the correct guiding of the striker carrier in the fuze body, even with a large angle of impact.
  • the fuze has in addition a collar, the front part of which penetratesiinto the striker carrier, and the rear part of which, of greater .diameter, bears on a corresponding bearing surface on the fuze carrier and retains the primer in position while at the same time preventing the penetration of the primer carrier into the fuze carrler.
  • An elastic spacing member made of metal or other material, for example a cor-k ring, is interposed between the percussion elements and holds the detonator away from the pointof the striker.
  • percussion head of hard material has a peripheralvgroove in which is gripped the front edge of the primer carrier, while the striker, which is conical in shape, bears by a part of its external surface on an annularbearing surface on the .primer carrier, so that the integral assembly comprising the percussion head and the striker is centered at two places. This has the result that, under heavy firing incidence, the striker, although fixed to project from the outside of the fuze body, remains sufficiently centered to operate the primer.
  • the part constituting the head and the body of the striker has a generally conical shape, thus constituting a solid of equal resistance, protected from accidental breakage or deformation on striking against the target, even at high speed or with a large angle of incidence.
  • Figures 1 to 4 illustrate thefiring and the functioning of different hollow charge projectiles, with a large angle of incidence of impact on the target, shown inaxial section;
  • Figure 5 shows a projectile in accordance with the invention at the moment when its fuze reaches the target
  • Figure 6 is a partial axial section of a hollow charge projectile in accordance with the invention.
  • Figure 7 illustrates on a larger scale and in axial section the fuze and the firing means of the projectile illustrated in Figure 6; V
  • Figure 8 is a modification, also inaxial section, of the assembly shown in Figure 7;
  • Figures 9 to 13 illustrate, likewise in axial section and on a larger scale, various possibilities of operation of the fuze illustrated in Figures 7 and 8.
  • Figure 1 shows diagrammatically the normal operation of a hollow charge projectile (in broken lines), of which the perforating jet j issuing from the cone 0 under the effect of the explosion is concentrated axially and perforates the armour plate P struck by the projectile at a larger angle of incidence of impact.
  • the projectile illustrated in Figure 6 (the rear part of which has not been shown) comprises a fuze, the head 1 of which projects from the end of a fuze body 2, which is nested in the fuze carrier 3, which in turn is fixed in the head of a tubular body 4, the parts 1, 2, 3 and 4 constituting an antenna mounted forward of the ballistic cap 5 of the projectile.
  • the tubular body 4 is extended into the interior of the projectile, substantially over the entire length of the ballistic cap 5.
  • Said tubular body may comprise a plurality of sections 4, 4a, 4b, screwed one into the other, and contains in its interior an explosive column formed of the elements 6, 6a, 6b (see Figure 7).
  • the hollow explosive charge 7 and a relay charge 8 are housed in the body 9 of the projectile.
  • a metal cone 10 lining the cavity of the charge 7 is open at its apex facing a detonator 11 housed in the relay charge 8.
  • the ballistic cap 5, having an external screw thread at its base, is screwed into the body 9 of the projectile and, through the medium of annular packings 12, holds in position the explosive charge 7 and the cone 10, at the same time as it immobilises a conical part 13 centering the tubular body 4.
  • the explosive column 6 preferably consists of compressed explosive, for example penthrite, hexogen or derivatives thereof.
  • thin wads 14, 15, interposed between the elements 6, 6a, 6b of the explosive column serve as wedging or retaining means and prevent said elements from moving back under the eifect of the acceleration on the firing of the shot or from being displaced during transport and handling, in the corresponding tubular sections 4, 4a, 4b.
  • the section 4b is terminated by a detonating primer 16 having a slightly concave base,'constituting a small charge known as a flat charge, the transmission of fire from which is directed and more rapid than that of an ordinary primer.
  • the latter can be made in one piece, :as shown in Figure 8, and obturated at its rear mouth, if required, by a metal cone 18 forming a plug adapted to ensure rapid transmission of fire to the detonator 11 by a hollow charge effect.
  • the fuze of the projectile illustrated in Figure 7, and on a larger scale in Figure 9, comprises a striker carrier 19 serving at the same time as a primer carrier and enclosing in its rear part a detonating primer 20, which is retained at the front side by a cork ring '21.
  • the latter is adapted to contract after the manner of a spring when percussion is effected by inertia and the primer 20 is thrown on to the tip 22 of the striker.
  • the head 1 of the striker which is made of a harder material than current armour, comprises a cutting edge 23 which bites into the target on impact.
  • the striker carrier 19 has a hollowed shape, pierced at its centre forward of the primer 20, the conical tip of the striker taking up position inside the hole provided and being centered at 24 on a slightly widened out bearing surface.
  • the striker 25 has at the front a groove 26 which is gripped by the front edge of the striker carrier 19, so that the striker is retained and centered striker carrier 19, facilitates the driving of the striker on impact, as will hereinafter be explained.
  • the detonating primer is retained at the rear required through the medium of a flexible washe 28) on the base of a collar 29, a part of smaller diameter of which collar penetrates into the primer carrier 19.
  • the rear part of the collar 29, of larger diameter rests on an internal bearing surface of the fuze body 3.
  • the striker 7 carrier 19, housed in the fuze body 2' is retained therein by crimping the front edge of the latter, and the two parts thereof are respectively in contact by their base with the collar 29, being thus maintained in position in the fuze carrier 3.
  • a free space 30, serving as safety chamber, is reserved behind the collar 29.
  • the slightly conical part 31 of the chamber 30 has a diameter decreasing from front to rear and ends through a passage 32 over an intermediate primer 33 at the head of the explosive transmission column 6. It will be noted that the primer 33 ( Figures 7 and 8) can be dispensed with, in which case the passage 32 opens directly on to the explosive column 6.
  • the fire is transmitted from the detonating primer 20 to the explosive column 6, then through the cone 10 to reach, within a minimum space of time, the rear detonator 11, which communicated the explosion to the hollow explosive charge.
  • a hollow charge projectile comprising a body, an explosive charge in said body, a balfire to said main detonator, said means including a tubular housing carried by said ballistic cap, a fuze fixed at the front end of said tubular housing, an explosive column in said housing, a chamber in said tubular housing between said fuze and said explosive column, said fuze comprising a deformable striker-carrier mounted on the front end of the tubular housing, a substantially conical striker having an integral end portion and an intermediate peripheral groove by which the striker is held by the strikercarrier, an inner annular bearing portion on said strik'ercarrier, said striker resting in central position on said bearing portion, said striker being separated from the striker-carrier by a peripheral space in front of said bear- 1,597,499 Rushmere Mar. 18, 1919 8' Wfight Apr. 12, 1921 Remondy Mar. 31, 1925 Remondy Nov. 17, 1925 FOREIGN PATENTS Great Britain May 22, 1946

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
US398388A 1952-12-30 1953-12-15 Hollow charge projectile Expired - Lifetime US2910000A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH734920X 1952-12-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2910000A true US2910000A (en) 1959-10-27

Family

ID=4532658

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US398388A Expired - Lifetime US2910000A (en) 1952-12-30 1953-12-15 Hollow charge projectile

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US2910000A (xx)
BE (1) BE524660A (xx)
CH (1) CH314368A (xx)
DE (1) DE1026667B (xx)
FR (1) FR1165002A (xx)
GB (1) GB734920A (xx)
LU (1) LU32537A1 (xx)
NL (2) NL95850C (xx)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3190372A (en) * 1962-03-05 1965-06-22 Sun Oil Co Methods and apparatus for drilling bore holes
US3302567A (en) * 1964-03-09 1967-02-07 Dresser Ind Shaped-charge booster
US3742854A (en) * 1965-05-26 1973-07-03 Us Navy Fuze
US4574702A (en) * 1982-10-08 1986-03-11 Francois Brandt Armour-piercing high-explosive projectile with cartridge
US4848238A (en) * 1986-01-21 1989-07-18 Rheinmetall Gmbh Active element for combating, in particular, active armored targets

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT397867B (de) * 1992-10-27 1994-07-25 Oregon Ets Patentverwertung Geschoss

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1297499A (en) * 1918-06-15 1919-03-18 Samuel W Rushmore Explosive shell.
US1374704A (en) * 1920-10-21 1921-04-12 Wright Robert Lee Shell and projectile
US1531716A (en) * 1924-02-05 1925-03-31 Remondy Leon Emile Apparatus for transmitting the firing to the charge in projectiles of elongated shape
US1562054A (en) * 1924-08-05 1925-11-17 Remondy Leon Emile Fuse for projectiles
GB577531A (en) * 1942-10-30 1946-05-22 Ralph Henry Farrant Improvements in or relating to shells, bombs or other projectiles or missiles

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB131988A (xx) * 1917-10-26 1900-01-01
US1374703A (en) * 1919-07-29 1921-04-12 Wright Robert Lee Projectile
US1585686A (en) * 1923-09-11 1926-05-25 Pantoflicek Bohdan Fuse for projectiles
FR629550A (fr) * 1926-05-06 1927-11-12 Fusée percutante fonctionnant par enfoncement et inertie
DE534180C (de) * 1929-06-20 1931-09-24 Edgar William Brandt Schlagbolzeneinrichtung fuer Zuender von Geschossen
NL34950C (xx) * 1932-12-20
BE404852A (xx) * 1933-10-09
DE740229C (de) * 1938-06-17 1943-10-14 Ing Bohdan Pantoflicek Geschosszuendung mit empfindlichem Aufschlagzuender
GB578995A (en) * 1942-02-27 1946-07-19 Albert Greville White Improvements in or relating to missiles for use against armour plate and other protective coverings
GB578775A (en) * 1942-11-04 1946-07-11 James Taylor Improvements in or relating to high explosive projectiles or missiles for use against armour plate and the like
NL71165C (xx) * 1946-12-07 Energa

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1297499A (en) * 1918-06-15 1919-03-18 Samuel W Rushmore Explosive shell.
US1374704A (en) * 1920-10-21 1921-04-12 Wright Robert Lee Shell and projectile
US1531716A (en) * 1924-02-05 1925-03-31 Remondy Leon Emile Apparatus for transmitting the firing to the charge in projectiles of elongated shape
US1562054A (en) * 1924-08-05 1925-11-17 Remondy Leon Emile Fuse for projectiles
GB577531A (en) * 1942-10-30 1946-05-22 Ralph Henry Farrant Improvements in or relating to shells, bombs or other projectiles or missiles

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3190372A (en) * 1962-03-05 1965-06-22 Sun Oil Co Methods and apparatus for drilling bore holes
US3302567A (en) * 1964-03-09 1967-02-07 Dresser Ind Shaped-charge booster
US3742854A (en) * 1965-05-26 1973-07-03 Us Navy Fuze
US4574702A (en) * 1982-10-08 1986-03-11 Francois Brandt Armour-piercing high-explosive projectile with cartridge
US4848238A (en) * 1986-01-21 1989-07-18 Rheinmetall Gmbh Active element for combating, in particular, active armored targets

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL183526B (nl)
LU32537A1 (xx)
BE524660A (xx)
GB734920A (en) 1955-08-10
NL95850C (xx)
FR1165002A (fr) 1958-10-16
CH314368A (fr) 1956-06-15
DE1026667B (de) 1958-03-20

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