US2863083A - X-ray genenrator tubes - Google Patents

X-ray genenrator tubes Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2863083A
US2863083A US648383A US64838357A US2863083A US 2863083 A US2863083 A US 2863083A US 648383 A US648383 A US 648383A US 64838357 A US64838357 A US 64838357A US 2863083 A US2863083 A US 2863083A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
anode
rhenium
ray generator
layer
tubes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US648383A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Schram Autoine
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Compagnie Generale de Radiologie SA
Original Assignee
Compagnie Generale de Radiologie SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Compagnie Generale de Radiologie SA filed Critical Compagnie Generale de Radiologie SA
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2863083A publication Critical patent/US2863083A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
    • H01J35/08—Anodes; Anti cathodes
    • H01J35/10—Rotary anodes; Arrangements for rotating anodes; Cooling rotary anodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2235/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J2235/08—Targets (anodes) and X-ray converters
    • H01J2235/083—Bonding or fixing with the support or substrate
    • H01J2235/084—Target-substrate interlayers or structures, e.g. to control or prevent diffusion or improve adhesion

Definitions

  • X-ray generator tubes In tubes such asX-ray generator tubes, the dissipation of heat from the anode is the principal problem encountered, because almost the whole of the energy of the electron beam is there transformed into heat. In particular, it is the speed of cooling of the anode which limits the rate of making successive exposures, or exposures following viewing. For X-ray generator tubes with a rotatable anode, for example the cooling takes place principally by radiation from the ano-de.
  • the anode at least the part bombarded by the electrons, shall be constituted up to a certain depth (at least 10 microns) of a metal having a high atomic number and which is very refractory. Hitherto generally it is tungsten that is used. Particularly in thetcaseof a rotatable anode, it is desirable that the thermal. capacity shall be great, in order :to allow the storage of a large quantity of heat before reaching the maximum admissible temperature. a
  • Figure 1 is a. diagrammatic elevational view. of. an X- ray generator tube havinga rotatable anode, which may be formed according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a plan view or" the anode assembly of the tube in Figure 1, r
  • Figure 5 is a cross section, on a larger scale, through an anode assembly according to the present invention, in tended for the tube shown in Figures 1 and 2, and
  • Figures 6 and 7 are fragmentary cross-sections of modified constructions of anode assemblies according to this invention.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 there is shown. by way. of example, a type of X-ray generator tube having a rotatable anode.
  • the glass envelope of this tube contains, in a very high vacuum, the cathode system 2, of which the filament or filaments 3 in the concentrating member are located opposite to the conical portion of a disc 7 forming the anode of the tube, which is joinedby a rod of molybdenum 6 and a screw.8, to the rotor 5.
  • a high tension voltage so that the cathode is negative and the anode is positive, .a beam of electrons emitted from the incandescent filament, bombard the focal.
  • the tube structure above described is of a known type and the rate at which successive exposures maybe made, or at which exposures may be made following a viewing,
  • the present invention eliminates these disadvantages by employing the metal rhenium inorder to cover the whole surface, or apart of the surface, of the anode.
  • the thermalemissivity of rhenium is higher than that of tungsten at all temperatures encountered during the operation of the tube.
  • the focal surface can also be covered with rhenium.
  • the present invention also provides X-ray generator tubes with an anode having an increased thermal capacity.
  • rhenium allows a refractory base to be used with highe thermal capacity than tungsten since one is not confinedby the necessity of having a high atomic number.
  • the refractory base may be, for example-, molybdenum, graphite or boron. It is sulfi- 'cient to have on the focal area where the X-rays are produced, a thickness .of rhenium sufficient so that all the X-radiation originates from the rhenium. Molybdenum in particular is interesting.
  • FigureS shows diagrammatically, asection through 'rhenium having a thickness of at least microns on the focal ring.
  • the remainder of the surface of the molybdenum can also be covered with rhenium 14 of the same thickness or of less thickness.
  • the non-focal surface 14 is blackened by a known process.
  • Figure 6 shows a diagrammatic fragmentary section of part of another anode disc, in which the refractory base structure 11, for example of boron, is covered directly with a layer of rhenium 13 extending over the lower surface of the anode.
  • Figure 7 shows a diagrammatic fragmentary section of part of another anode structure according tothis invention, in which the anode consists simply of a massive disc 15 of rhenium. 7
  • the metal rhenium presents, moreover, physical and mechanical characteristics which are advantageous at high temperatures, and which are used by the present invention.
  • a rotating anode of tungsten and rhenium or of rhenium alone allows operation at a higher temperature than an anode of tungsten.
  • Figure 4 shows the speed of cooling of a tungsten anode in curve A and of an anode according to the present invention in curve B.
  • Another recommended process is the deposition in vapour phase, by the decomposition of a halogenide of rhenium, in particular ReCl on a base heated to between 500 and 1500 C. in vacuum, or in an inert gas.
  • Metallisation by spraying and calcining also enables a layer of rhenium to be obtained on a refractory base.
  • An anode for an X-ray generator tube in which at least the part of the anode surface which is adapted to be bombarded with electrons consists of the metal rhe mum.
  • An anode for an X-ray generator tube consisting of a massive disc of the metal rhenium.
  • An anode for an X-ray generator tube consisting of a core of a refractory material covered with a layer of rhenium over at least a part of its surface and extending over at least the focal area of the anode.
  • An anode for an X-ray generator tube consisting of a core of a refractory material, a layer of tungsten covering at least a part of the surface of the refractory material and a layer of rhenium over said layer of tung; sten and covering at least the focal area of the anode, to a depth of at least ten microns.
  • An X-ray generator tube comprising an envelope containing a cathode assembly, a filament associated with the cathode assembly and an anode spaced from said cathode assembly in which at least the focal area of the anode which is bombarded by electrons to produce the X-radiation consists of the metal rhenium.
  • An X-ray generator tube comprising an envelope containing a cathode assembly, a filament associated with the cathode assembly and an anode spaced from said cathode assembly and made of the metal rhenium.
  • An X-ray generator tube comprising an envelope containing a cathode assembly, a filament associated with the cathode assembly and an anode spaced from said cathode assembly, said anode comprising a core of refractory material, and a layer of rhenium'extending over at least the focalarea of the core which is bombarded by electrons to produce the X-radiation.
  • An X-ray generator tube comprising an envelope containing a cathode assembly, a filament associated with the cathode assembly and an anode spaced from said cathode assembly, said anode consisting of a core of refractory material and a layer of rhenium extending only over the focal area of the core which is bombarded by electrons to produce the X-radiation, said layer of rhenium having a thickness of at least ten microns.
  • An X-ray generator tube comprising an envelope containing a cathode assembly, a filament associated with the cathode assembly and an anode spaced from said cathode assembly, said anode consisting of a core of a refractory material, a layer of tungsten covering at least the focal area of the refractory material and a layer of rhenium extending over said layer of tungsten and having a thickness of at least ten microns.
  • An X-ray generator tube comprising an envelope containing a cathode assembly, a filament associated with the cathode assembly and an anode spaced from said cathode assembly, in which at least the focal area of the anode which is bombarded by electrons to produce the X- radiation consists of the metal rhenium, and the remainder of the surface of the anode is blackened.

Landscapes

  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
US648383A 1956-03-30 1957-03-25 X-ray genenrator tubes Expired - Lifetime US2863083A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1148708T 1956-03-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2863083A true US2863083A (en) 1958-12-02

Family

ID=9623945

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US648383A Expired - Lifetime US2863083A (en) 1956-03-30 1957-03-25 X-ray genenrator tubes

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US2863083A (en(2012))
CH (1) CH353087A (en(2012))
DE (1) DE1106429B (en(2012))
FR (1) FR1148708A (en(2012))
GB (1) GB852734A (en(2012))
NL (2) NL104093C (en(2012))

Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1153837B (de) * 1959-10-12 1963-09-05 Plansee Metallwerk Anode fuer Roentgenroehren und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
US3136907A (en) * 1961-01-05 1964-06-09 Plansee Metallwerk Anticathodes for X-ray tubes
US3243636A (en) * 1963-01-30 1966-03-29 Tubix Soc Rotary anode for X-ray tubes
US3328626A (en) * 1963-09-02 1967-06-27 Schwarzkopf Dev Co Rotary anodes of x-ray tubes
DE1270192B (de) * 1960-07-30 1968-06-12 Siemens Ag Drehanoden-Verbundteller fuer Roentgenroehren
US3397338A (en) * 1964-02-26 1968-08-13 Siemens Ag Rotary anode plate for X-ray tubes
US3539859A (en) * 1956-03-30 1970-11-10 Radiologie Cie Gle X-ray generator tube with graphite rotating anode
US3579022A (en) * 1967-08-28 1971-05-18 Schwarzkopf Dev Co Rotary anode for x-ray tube
US3622824A (en) * 1969-06-30 1971-11-23 Picker Corp Composite x-ray tube target
US3660053A (en) * 1968-12-02 1972-05-02 Schwarzkopf Dev Co Platinum-containing x-ray target
US3683223A (en) * 1968-12-16 1972-08-08 Siemens Ag X-ray tube having a ray transmission rotary anode
US3697798A (en) * 1970-03-25 1972-10-10 Schwarzkopf Dev Co Rotating x-ray target
US3696977A (en) * 1971-04-21 1972-10-10 Johnson & Son Inc S C Stretch elastomer valve
FR2204041A1 (en(2012)) * 1972-10-20 1974-05-17 Siemens Ag
US3836807A (en) * 1972-03-13 1974-09-17 Siemens Ag Rotary anode for x-ray tubes
US3887723A (en) * 1972-03-22 1975-06-03 Richard B Kaplan Method of fabrication of composite anode for rotating-anode x-ray tubes
US3919124A (en) * 1972-01-17 1975-11-11 Siemens Ag X-ray tube anode
JPS516517B1 (en(2012)) * 1966-10-11 1976-02-28
US4000434A (en) * 1974-06-24 1976-12-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Rotary anode for an X-ray tube
US4227112A (en) * 1978-11-20 1980-10-07 The Machlett Laboratories, Inc. Gradated target for X-ray tubes
US4271372A (en) * 1976-04-26 1981-06-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Rotatable anode for an X-ray tube composed of a coated, porous body
US4335327A (en) * 1978-12-04 1982-06-15 The Machlett Laboratories, Incorporated X-Ray tube target having pyrolytic amorphous carbon coating
US4352041A (en) * 1979-07-19 1982-09-28 U.S. Philips Corporation Rotary anodes for X-ray tubes
EP0513830A1 (en) * 1991-05-17 1992-11-19 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Limited Rotary anode for X-ray tube and method for manufacturing the same
EP0756308A4 (en) * 1994-03-28 1996-12-13 Hitachi Ltd X-ray tube and anode target thereof
US7090893B1 (en) 2003-03-24 2006-08-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Rhenium composite
US7214306B1 (en) * 2004-04-16 2007-05-08 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Elevated potential deposition of rhenium on graphite substrates from a ReO2/H2O2 solution
US20070207338A1 (en) * 2006-03-01 2007-09-06 Plasma Processes, Inc. X-ray target and method for manufacturing same
US20090086920A1 (en) * 2007-09-30 2009-04-02 Lee David S K X-ray Target Manufactured Using Electroforming Process
WO2010070574A1 (en) 2008-12-17 2010-06-24 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Attachment of a high-z focal track layer to a carbon-carbon composite substrate serving as a rotary anode target
JP2018514925A (ja) * 2015-05-08 2018-06-07 プランゼー エスエー Ｘ線陽極
CN117364052A (zh) * 2023-10-13 2024-01-09 贵研铂业股份有限公司 一种高发射率铼涂层及其制备方法

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1764042B1 (de) * 1968-03-26 1971-05-27 Koch & Sterzel Kg Roentgenroehren drehanode mit anodenkoerper aus graphit
US3631290A (en) * 1970-08-17 1971-12-28 Ibm Thermionic cathode for electron beam apparatus
NL158967B (nl) * 1972-12-07 1978-12-15 Philips Nv Werkwijze voor de vervaardiging van een gelaagde roentgendraaianode, alsmede aldus verkregen gelaagde roentgendraaianode.
AT392760B (de) * 1989-05-26 1991-06-10 Plansee Metallwerk Verbundkoerper aus graphit und hochschmelzendem metall

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2482053A (en) * 1945-11-13 1949-09-13 Gen Electric X Ray Corp Anode construction
US2490246A (en) * 1945-11-13 1949-12-06 Gen Electric X Ray Corp Anode construction
US2762725A (en) * 1952-03-14 1956-09-11 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Method of producing a metal film on a refractory base having a metal oxide film thereon
US2762726A (en) * 1952-03-14 1956-09-11 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Method of producing a metal film on a refractory base

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2250322A (en) * 1939-03-06 1941-07-22 Gen Electric X Ray Corp Anode and alloy for making same
DE744208C (de) * 1940-11-15 1952-06-09 Telefunken Gmbh Hochbelastbare Anode fuer elektrische Entladungsroehren, insbesondere solche ohne kuenstliche Kuehlung
US2243250A (en) * 1940-11-22 1941-05-27 Argus Mfg Corp Electrical discharge device and anode therefor
CH231981A (de) * 1940-12-02 1944-04-30 C H F Mueller Aktiengesellscha Röntgenröhre mit Drehanode.
DE844029C (de) * 1941-03-15 1952-07-14 Telefunken Gmbh Nicht als Gluehkathode dienende Elektrode fuer ein elektrisches Entladungsgefaess
US2332422A (en) * 1942-03-28 1943-10-19 Gen Electric X Ray Corp X-ray generator
AT163155B (de) * 1942-11-25 1949-05-25 Philips Nv Scheibenförmige Anode für Röntgenröhren
DE896234C (de) * 1943-04-22 1953-11-09 Peter Dr Kniepen Roentgenroehre

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2482053A (en) * 1945-11-13 1949-09-13 Gen Electric X Ray Corp Anode construction
US2490246A (en) * 1945-11-13 1949-12-06 Gen Electric X Ray Corp Anode construction
US2762725A (en) * 1952-03-14 1956-09-11 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Method of producing a metal film on a refractory base having a metal oxide film thereon
US2762726A (en) * 1952-03-14 1956-09-11 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Method of producing a metal film on a refractory base

Cited By (36)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3539859A (en) * 1956-03-30 1970-11-10 Radiologie Cie Gle X-ray generator tube with graphite rotating anode
DE1153837B (de) * 1959-10-12 1963-09-05 Plansee Metallwerk Anode fuer Roentgenroehren und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
DE1270192B (de) * 1960-07-30 1968-06-12 Siemens Ag Drehanoden-Verbundteller fuer Roentgenroehren
US3136907A (en) * 1961-01-05 1964-06-09 Plansee Metallwerk Anticathodes for X-ray tubes
US3243636A (en) * 1963-01-30 1966-03-29 Tubix Soc Rotary anode for X-ray tubes
US3328626A (en) * 1963-09-02 1967-06-27 Schwarzkopf Dev Co Rotary anodes of x-ray tubes
US3397338A (en) * 1964-02-26 1968-08-13 Siemens Ag Rotary anode plate for X-ray tubes
JPS516517B1 (en(2012)) * 1966-10-11 1976-02-28
US3579022A (en) * 1967-08-28 1971-05-18 Schwarzkopf Dev Co Rotary anode for x-ray tube
US3660053A (en) * 1968-12-02 1972-05-02 Schwarzkopf Dev Co Platinum-containing x-ray target
US3683223A (en) * 1968-12-16 1972-08-08 Siemens Ag X-ray tube having a ray transmission rotary anode
US3622824A (en) * 1969-06-30 1971-11-23 Picker Corp Composite x-ray tube target
US3697798A (en) * 1970-03-25 1972-10-10 Schwarzkopf Dev Co Rotating x-ray target
US3696977A (en) * 1971-04-21 1972-10-10 Johnson & Son Inc S C Stretch elastomer valve
US3919124A (en) * 1972-01-17 1975-11-11 Siemens Ag X-ray tube anode
US3836807A (en) * 1972-03-13 1974-09-17 Siemens Ag Rotary anode for x-ray tubes
US3887723A (en) * 1972-03-22 1975-06-03 Richard B Kaplan Method of fabrication of composite anode for rotating-anode x-ray tubes
FR2204041A1 (en(2012)) * 1972-10-20 1974-05-17 Siemens Ag
US4000434A (en) * 1974-06-24 1976-12-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Rotary anode for an X-ray tube
US4271372A (en) * 1976-04-26 1981-06-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Rotatable anode for an X-ray tube composed of a coated, porous body
US4227112A (en) * 1978-11-20 1980-10-07 The Machlett Laboratories, Inc. Gradated target for X-ray tubes
US4335327A (en) * 1978-12-04 1982-06-15 The Machlett Laboratories, Incorporated X-Ray tube target having pyrolytic amorphous carbon coating
US4352041A (en) * 1979-07-19 1982-09-28 U.S. Philips Corporation Rotary anodes for X-ray tubes
EP0513830A1 (en) * 1991-05-17 1992-11-19 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Limited Rotary anode for X-ray tube and method for manufacturing the same
EP0756308A4 (en) * 1994-03-28 1996-12-13 Hitachi Ltd X-ray tube and anode target thereof
US6487275B1 (en) 1994-03-28 2002-11-26 Hitachi, Ltd. Anode target for X-ray tube and X-ray tube therewith
US7090893B1 (en) 2003-03-24 2006-08-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Rhenium composite
US7214306B1 (en) * 2004-04-16 2007-05-08 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Elevated potential deposition of rhenium on graphite substrates from a ReO2/H2O2 solution
US20070207338A1 (en) * 2006-03-01 2007-09-06 Plasma Processes, Inc. X-ray target and method for manufacturing same
US20090086920A1 (en) * 2007-09-30 2009-04-02 Lee David S K X-ray Target Manufactured Using Electroforming Process
WO2010070574A1 (en) 2008-12-17 2010-06-24 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Attachment of a high-z focal track layer to a carbon-carbon composite substrate serving as a rotary anode target
US8553843B2 (en) 2008-12-17 2013-10-08 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Attachment of a high-Z focal track layer to a carbon-carbon composite substrate serving as a rotary anode target
JP2018514925A (ja) * 2015-05-08 2018-06-07 プランゼー エスエー Ｘ線陽極
US10622182B2 (en) 2015-05-08 2020-04-14 Plansee Se X-ray anode
CN117364052A (zh) * 2023-10-13 2024-01-09 贵研铂业股份有限公司 一种高发射率铼涂层及其制备方法
CN117364052B (zh) * 2023-10-13 2024-03-12 贵研铂业股份有限公司 一种高发射率铼涂层及其制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1148708A (fr) 1957-12-13
NL104093C (en(2012))
GB852734A (en) 1960-11-02
NL215843A (en(2012))
DE1106429B (de) 1961-05-10
CH353087A (de) 1961-03-31

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2863083A (en) X-ray genenrator tubes
US5825848A (en) X-ray target having big Z particles imbedded in a matrix
US3579022A (en) Rotary anode for x-ray tube
US3890521A (en) X-ray tube target and X-ray tubes utilising such a target
US4227112A (en) Gradated target for X-ray tubes
US4972449A (en) X-ray tube target
US3710170A (en) X-ray tube with rotary anodes
US3539859A (en) X-ray generator tube with graphite rotating anode
GB1414501A (en) Methods of producing x-rays using rotary anode x-ray tubes and method of producing x-ray films
US4991194A (en) Rotating anode for X-ray tube
US3982148A (en) Heat radiating coating and method of manufacture thereof
US3710162A (en) X-ray tube having a rotary anode
US3660053A (en) Platinum-containing x-ray target
US3719854A (en) Tungsten alloy x-ray target
US3790838A (en) X-ray tube target
US3136907A (en) Anticathodes for X-ray tubes
US3328626A (en) Rotary anodes of x-ray tubes
US5138645A (en) Anode for x-ray tubes
US3795531A (en) X-ray image intensifier tube and method of making same
US3731128A (en) X-ray tube with rotary anodes
Coomes Total secondary electron emission from tungsten and thorium-coated tungsten
US4109058A (en) X-ray tube anode with alloyed surface and method of making the same
US3842305A (en) X-ray tube anode target
US3737699A (en) X-ray tube having anode target layer of molybdenum rhenium alloy
US5065419A (en) X-ray tube with low extra-focal radiation