US2719806A - Process for the manufacture of porous, air-permeable, flexible sheet material - Google Patents

Process for the manufacture of porous, air-permeable, flexible sheet material Download PDF

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US2719806A
US2719806A US262941A US26294151A US2719806A US 2719806 A US2719806 A US 2719806A US 262941 A US262941 A US 262941A US 26294151 A US26294151 A US 26294151A US 2719806 A US2719806 A US 2719806A
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fleece
fibers
weight
parts
binder
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Nottebohm Carl Ludwig
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Pellon Corp
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Pellon Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41B—SHIRTS; UNDERWEAR; BABY LINEN; HANDKERCHIEFS
    • A41B3/00—Collars
    • A41B3/10—Collars chemically stiffened
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J5/00—Adhesive processes in general; Adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers
    • C09J5/08—Adhesive processes in general; Adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers using foamed adhesives
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D04H1/64—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D04H1/64—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions
    • D04H1/68—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions the bonding agent being applied in the form of foam
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M17/00—Producing multi-layer textile fabrics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S521/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
    • Y10S521/918—Physical aftertreatment of a cellular product
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]

Definitions

  • One object of the invention is to produce a porous, air-permeable, flexible sheet material consisting of an open skeleton of fine, cardable, intermingled, polyposed fibers having substantially uniformly distributed there through small, filmy binder particles adhering to the fibers and cementing the fibers together at their crossing points without either completely encasing the fibers or filling the interstices therebetween. to any substantial extent.
  • Another object of the invention is to produce a thin, porous sheet material having a thickness of about 0.1 to about 3.5 mm.
  • Still another object of the invention is to produce a thin, porous sheet material having a light weight of from about 40 g. to about 1700 g. per square m.
  • a still further object of the invention is to produce a light, fibrous sheet material which is stabilized by relatively small, uniformly distributed binder particles located principally at the crossing points of the individual fibers and which contains relatively large proportions, such as from about 25% to about 75% by weight of fiber material.
  • Still a further object of the invention is to produce. a fibrous sheet material starting from very loose, light and thin fleeces which are made of fine, cardable, polyposed fibers and which have very little inherent stability, and stabilizing such fleeces by incorporation therein of about 33 /3 to 300 parts by weight of binder material per 100 parts by weight of fibers, said binder material being uniformly distributed throughout the fibrous skeleton in the form of small, filmy coating particles adhering to' the fibers, particularly at the crossing points between, adjacent fibers.
  • a particular object of the invention is to produce a sheet material which has a high absorptivity for water which may, if desired, be further increased with simultaneous strengthening of the sheet material by an aftertreatment with binder material as described in my United States patent application Serial No. 262,942, filed December 22, 1951, which is a continuation-in-part of my copending United States patent application Serial No. 102,424, filed June 30, 1949, now abandoned.
  • the light fleeces collapse or distintegrate com pletely under treatment with liquids and become deformed so that the interstices between the fibers are irregularly reduced and enlarged in size and maybe more or less filled with binder material, thus producing a thoroughly unsatisfactory product.
  • a porous, air-permeable, flexible sheet material is produced by a process which comprises the following essential steps:
  • a loose fleece is prepared of intermingled, polyposed, fine, cardable fibers, said fleece weighingabout 35 g. :to about 1000 g. per square m.
  • the loose fleece which has very little stability of its own, is next pre-treated to produce a light surface cohesion without appreciable reduction in the porosity of the sheet. This may be accomplished, for instance, by making the fleece at least at one surface thereof of fibers which can be given adhesive properties by suitable treatment.
  • thermoplastic fibers may be employed which are cohered by means 'of heat treatment or by spraying with acetone, or alginate fibers may be used which can be rendered cohesive by a treatment with soap solutions and drying.
  • the desired light surface cohesion of the fleece by application to one surface thereof of a first binding agent in a carrier liquid and drying of the fleece to effect stabilization of the binder by removal of the carrier liquid.
  • the surface impregnation is effected by treating the surface of the fleece to be stabilized with a binder liquid in the form of a light, stable foam, which may contain from about 9 to 13 volume parts of gas per volume part of liquid.
  • This pre-treatment of one surface gives to the fleece sufiicient stability to make it resistant to the physical stresses of the next following through impregnating step.
  • through impregnation is accomplished by pressing into the untreated surface of the fleece an aqueous binder material in the form of a stable, flowable foam under a pressure to effect a substantially complete and uniform penetration of the fleece with simultaneous destruction of part of the foam cells and preservation of numerous, relatively large interstices between the fibers.
  • a substantially uniform impregnation of a loose fiber fleece may be accomplished by pressing foam .into a fleece superficially pretreated on one surface through the pretreated surface, or into a fleece superficially pretreated on both surfaces through one or both of the pretreated surfaces, it has been found that a satisfactory penetration of an aqueous binder foam into a fleece through a surface pretreated with even minute quantities of binder material can frequently not be accomplished without difliculties.
  • the resistance ofiered by the pretreated surfaces to the penetration by the foam makes it necessary to use foams containing relatively small proportions of gas and which are made from liquid binder materials containing relatively small proportions of binder solids.
  • skeleton may" be compressed or condensed to an undesirable extent or even torn without being sufiiciently stabilized by binder particles precipitated at the crossing points of adjacent fibers.
  • the starting fleeces are superficially prestabilized on one surface only and the binder foam used for through-impregnation of the fleece is pressed into the fleece through the untreated surface thereof.
  • This procedure permits the use of foams having a relatively high gas content and containing a higher proportion of solid binder material to liquid carrier. It also makes possible the use of relatively low pressures for a complete penetration of the fleece without undesirable condensation of the fleece or elimination of most of the interstices between the fibers and without destruction of the thin, loose fiber fleece.
  • the sheet material After through impregnation, the sheet material is dried without pressure to remove the water from the finely distributed liquid particles formed by the partial destruction of the foam cells and from the remaining foam cells which are thus caused to collapse during the drying operation.
  • the foam As the foam is broken up, small filmy particles of binder material are deposited on the fibers and collect mainly at the crossing points between adjacent fibers where they find relatively large solid supports.
  • a stabilized sheet structure is obtained in which a fiber skeleton has uniformly distributed therethrough relatively small, filmy binder particles positioned mainly at the crossing points between adjacent fibers and cementing the adjacent fibers securely together with retention of numerous, relatively large interstices between the fibers.
  • Suitable fibers are, for instance, vegetable fibers, such as cotton, flax, ra-
  • Fibers such as horsehair, cows hair, coconut fibers, etc., which are too long or which have hard and smooth surfaces rendering them unsuitable for carding on ordinary carding machines, should not be present in the fiber fleeces forming the starting material according to the present invention because such fibers cannot be satisfactorily formed into webs or fleeces.
  • the fleeces may be prepared on conventional carding machines and by conventional procedures.
  • the fleece by laying upon one another several, e. g., from 2 to about 30 or more, thin webs of intermingled, polyposed fibers, each web having a thickness of about 0.1 to about 1.2 mm. and weighing about 5 g. to g. per square in.
  • adjacent webs are arranged at an angle to each other.
  • the superposed webs are subjected to pressure and elevated temperature to cause them to cohere and to effect an initial condensation of the multi-layer structure formed.
  • a slight longitudinal stretching by about 5 to 10% and a corresponding reduction in weight takes place during the formation of the multi-layer fleece.
  • binder materials which have been found useful for the purpose of the present invention are film-forming substances which are capable of being dispersed or emulsified in aqueous carriers.
  • Suitable binder materials are, for instance, natural rubber, new or reclaimed, the socalled synthetic rubbers, such as polybutadienestyrene,
  • thermoplastic synthetic resins such as the polyvinyl esters, the polyvinylidene esters, the polyacrylates, polystyrene and the like, or mixtures of such materials.
  • the binders are preferably used in the form of their aqueous emulsions or dispersions.
  • the aqueous binding agents which may contain about 14% to about 40% by weight of solid binder material, and to which up to about 60 parts by weight of a wetting agent per 100 parts by weight of binder solids may be added, are first converted into a stable, flowable foam containing, for instance, about 2-12 volumes of gas per volume of binder liquid.
  • a vulcanizing agent and, if desired, a vulcanization accelerator may be incorporated into the binder liquid before conversion thereof into a foam, and the binder in the fully impregnated sheet may be subjected to vulcanization without pressure during or after the drying of the foam impregnation.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates diagrammatically the various steps of the invention, as carried out in a continuous process
  • Fig. 2 shows, also diagrammatically, a detail of the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 1 on a larger scale.
  • Fig. 1, 11, 12, 13 and 14 are loose webs of fine, carded, fibers which are arranged in a plurality of intersecting directions, i. e., polyposed, the four webs being shown superposed upon one another to form a laminated structure.
  • the laminated structure 15 is passed between two heated rollers 16, 17 which condense the multi-layer element with slight longitudinal stretching into a continuous fleece 18.
  • the foam is uniformly spread on the upper surface of the fleece, without any substantial penetration into the fleece, by means i of a stationary doctor blade 23.
  • the fleece, now carrying on its surface a very fine layer of foam, is then passed into and through the drying chamber 24 where the collapsing foam solidifies to produce a light surface cohesion of the fleece without any appreciable reduction of its porosity.
  • the quantity of binder material adhering to the surface of the fleece may amount to about 4 to about 17 g. per square m.
  • the fleece After leaving the drying chamber 24, the fleece is passed over a guide roller 25 and then between two pressure rollers 26, 27. As seen in both figures, the fleece runs first over the pressure roller 26 with its pre-treated surface in contact with the surface of the roller, and then into the nip formed between the two rollers 26, 27.
  • a liquid binder such as a latex emulsion, containing about 14 to 40 parts by weight of solid binder, 100 parts by weight of latex and suitable'quantities of wetting agents, vulcanizing agents, vulcanization accelerators, foam stabilizers and anti-oxidants, is converted into a flowable foam, having approximately the consistency of a heavy cream and containing about 2 to 12 volume parts of gas per volume part of liquid, in a foam chamber 28.
  • the foam is passed through a conduit 29 into a foam-collecting trough'3l) from which it flows into the nip between the rollers 26, 27 upon the untreated surface of the fleece 18.
  • the fleece advances through the restricted passage between the rollers 26, 27 the foam is pressed into the fleece with a pressure causing substantially complete and uniform penetrationof the fleece by the foam and partial destruction of the foam cells.
  • Dependent upon the adjustment of the pressure rollers and the width of the constricted passage formed between thennthe quantity of solid binder incorporated into the fleece during this foam impregnation may vary from about 26 to-about 287 parts (solid weight) per 100 parts by weight of fibers. :Simultarreouslyythe thickness of the fleece is reduced, but numerous relatively large interstices are preserved between the fibers.
  • the fleece Afterthe fleece has passed between the pressure rollers 26,27, it is returned to the drying chamber 24 for drying without pressure.
  • the web is passed over a reversing roller 31' and out of thechamber over guide rollers 32, 33.
  • the material is stretched longitudinally beyondv its original length byabout 17.5 to about-1-00-% with acorresponding reduction in fiber weight per square m. of about 15% to about 50%.
  • the finished product is finally wound upona reel 34, and, if desired, vulcanized without pressure.
  • Polybutadienestyrene latex (40%) 250 .100 softened water .691.
  • the fleece is dried to produce a slight surface cohesion on the treated surface without any appreciable reduction of its porosity. About parts by weight of binder solids adhere to the surface of the fleece per 100 parts .by weight of fibers (10 g. per square m.).
  • the fleece is then treated by pressing into its untreated surface a relatively thick, but still easily flowable, foam containing about 6 volumes of air per volume of a liquid, film-forming binder containing about 35% by weight of binder solids and about 8% by weight of a wetting agent and having the following composition:
  • Thefoam is pressed into the fleece with a pressure to cause substantially complete and uniform penetration of the fleece with destruction of part of the foam cells.
  • binder material solid weight
  • the impregnated fleece is then dried by means of heat without pressure to cause a collapse bf ihl remaining foam cells and-a deposition of filmy,-solid.:hmder particles on the fibers, particularlyiat the'cross'ing points between adjacent fibers. l
  • the finished product which has a thickness of 0.15 mm, consists of a fiber skeleton having'small, lilmy binder particles distributed uniformly there'thro'ugh and adhering to the' fibers mainly at the crossing points-between adjacent fibers, thus cementing: the adjacent fibers together.
  • the sheet material contains about 40% by weight of solid binder material and 60% by weight of fiber material. It weighs' about'80 g. per squ a r'em.” material may be used for-reinforcing foil material, such as paper foils.
  • Example 2 A fiber mixture, consisting of 70 parts by weight of torn jute and 30.parts by weight of spun rayon, is formed into webs havingeaeh a thickness-M03 mar-ands weight of19g1persquar'e m. 4
  • the fleece is treated on one surface with a foam comprising about l2'volume parts of. airand one volume part of a liquid, film-forming binder material containing 1.0% by weight of binder solids and having the following composition:
  • a fiowable foam con taining about 7 volume parts of air per volume part of liquid binder is pressed into the untreated surface of the fleece.
  • the liquid binder which contains about 20% by weight of binder solids and about 2.4% of weight of a wetting agent has the following composition:
  • Liquid Solid Parts fParts natural rubber latex 60%) 164 softened water 308 .s..
  • paraffin emulsion 60%) I 5 3 polyethyleneoxy derivative (emulsifying agent)- 2 2 sodium isobutylene-naphthalene-sulfonate (wetting agent) 10 10 zinc oxide 5 [5 colloidal sulphur i 3- "3 ultravulcanization accelerator 1 -1 phenyi-beta-naphthyl-amine (anti-oxidant) '2 2
  • the impregnated sheet is stabilized by heating andpdrying without pressure suflicient to effect a partial vulcanh zationof the rubbenlightly calendered, and then washed in a textile washingmachine with water at 50 C. There after, it is dried on drying cylinders and then wound into rolls of about 200m.
  • each,-wliich are stored for 12 hours in a room heated to about 80 C., to complete the vulcanization of the rubber.
  • the sheet is finally smoothed on both sides by passing it between two rotating calender rollers.
  • the finished sheet has a thickness of about 0.4 mm.
  • Example 3 A fiber mixture containing about 50 parts by weight of cotton waste and about 50 parts by weight of denatured flax fibers is formed .into webs having a thickness of about 0.8 mm. and weighing about 27 g. per square m. 12 such webs are laid on top of each other at an angle and passed with light longitudinal stretchingbetween heated rollers to form a multi-layer fleece which weighs about 300 g. per square m.
  • Thefleece is first treated on one surface with a foam containing 9 volume parts of air for each volume part of a 10% latex composition
  • a foam containing 9 volume parts of air for each volume part of a 10% latex composition comprising:
  • the pre-treated fleece has 3 parts by weight of solid rubber adhering to its surface per 100 parts by weight of fibers (9 g. per square m.).
  • This surface stabilized fleece is further impregnated by pressing into its untreated surface a flowable foam containing 3 volume parts of air per volume part of a 30% latex of the following composition:
  • the fleece is stretched longitudinally to about 125% of its original length with reduction of its thickness and a decrease of the fiber weight per square m. by about 20%.
  • the product is then dried and vulcanized without pressure.
  • the resulting, porous sheet material has a thickness of about 1.4 mm. and weighs about 421 g. per square m. It contains about 57% by weight of fibers, about 38% by Weight of solid natural rubber and about 5% by weight of wetting agent solids.
  • the material is highly water absorbent and may be used in the manufacture of floor cloth.
  • Example 4 Cotton fibers are mixed with the same quantity of spun rayon fibers and worked into thin, loose webs of about 0.1 mm. thicknessweighing about 5 g. per square in. Twenty-four such webs are combined cross-wise with pressure and stretching into a fleece weighing about 108 g. per square in.
  • the fleece is treated first on one side with a relatively light foam containing 11 volume parts of air for each volume part of a 14% binder dispersion having the following composition:
  • butadieneacrylonitrile polymer (37%) 265 100 softened water 428. 5 wetting agent. 20 20 zinc oxide 2. 6 2. 5 colloidal sulphur 2. 5 2. 5 ultravuloanization accelerator 1 1 antioxidants:
  • binder solids Upon drying, about 8 parts by weight of binder solids are deposited on the surface of the fleece per 100 parts by weight of fibers (8.6 g. per square m.).
  • a heavier foam containing about 5 volumes of air per volume of liquid is pressed into the untreated surface of the fleece.
  • This foam is made from a 25% dispersion having the same composition as the dispersion used for the pretreatment except that it contains, instead of 4285 parts by weight of softened water, only about 103.5 parts by weight of softened Water, and instead of 20 parts by weight of wetting agent, 25 parts by weight of wetting agent.
  • About 74 parts by weight of solid binder material are incorporated into the fleece per 100 parts by weight of fibers.
  • the resulting porous sheet material is dried and vulcanized without pressure washed and dried again.
  • the material is stretched longitudinally about 26% beyond the length of the originalfleece with a corresponding decrease in Weight of fibers per square on. by about 21%.
  • the finished sheet material has a thickness of about 0.25 mm., weighs about 156 g. and contains about 45% by weight of binder solids.
  • the product is suitable for the washing of glass, china, etc.
  • Example 5 A fiber mixture consisting of 75% by weight of sheeps wool and 25% by weight of human hair'is formed into webs having a thickness of 0.5 mm. and weighing about 22 g. per square m. 10 such webs are laid on top of one another with the adjacent webs being arranged at angles to each other, and the laminated structure is passed between heated rollers to form a fleece weighing about 200 g. per square m.
  • One surface of this fleece is treated with a foam comprising 10 volume parts of air per volume part of -a liquid dispersion containing about 10% by weight of solid binder
  • the pre-treated fleece is dried to cause deposition of about 6 parts by weight of solid rubber on the surface of the fleece per parts by weight of fibers (12 g. per square m.).
  • the liquid dispersion us d r the formation; of 'this foam' has the same .composition as that used :for' .the'pre treatment except that it contains; instead of 826.5 parts by weight of softened water, only 226.5 parts by weight of softened water.
  • this dispersion contains 25 by weight of binder solids, and 4% by weight of wetting agents.
  • the penetrating foam serves to incorporate into the fleece about 94 parts by weight of binder solids per 100 parts by weight of fibers. Simultaneously, the fleece is compressed and stretched lengthwise. The impregnated sheet is stabilized by drying and vulcanization without pressure, then washed and dried again.
  • the length of the finished sheet exceeds that of the original fleece by about 25 while its fiber weight per square mgis about 20% less than that of the starting fleece.
  • the final,- porous sheet material has a thickness of about 0.3 mm, weighs 320 g. per square and contains.aboutz50% by weightof solid rubber andabou-t 50% by weight of fiber material.
  • A-fi-ber mixture is prepared of fine cardable .fibers as follows:
  • Cotton 30 Ramie 30 Rayon 40 The mixture is formed into webs consisting of inter mingled and polyposed fibers, each web having a thickness of about 0.15 and weighing about 1 5 g. per square 111. Three webs are placed on top of one-another. After pressing of the multi-layer structure between heated rollers with slight longitudinal stretching, a fleece is obtained having a thickness of about 0.5 mm. and weighing about 40 grams per square meter.
  • a foam comprising about 9 volume parts of air for each volume part of liquid is formed from a dispersion containing about 8% by weight of binder solids and ha ing the followingcomposition:
  • Liquid- I send Weight, Content, 1 parts parts Polyvinyl chloride emulsion (40%). 250. 100 softened water 982 Wetting agent 18 18 Liquid Solid Weight, Content,
  • . 'Ilhe-resulting-sheet material has a thic'knesslofi about 0.14- mm. and a'weight of about 48 g. per .mi Its Ieiigth exceeds that of the original fleece by about 3'3 /s-%-.of the starting length, while its fiber content per m. is about 25 less than that of :the starting fleece.
  • the material contains about 33 /3% by weight of solid thermoplastic binder material.
  • .It is shrink-proof, air and waterpermeable and can be adhered to fabrics by hot ironing on the fabrics. In' constitutes a suitable stiffening material for shirt collars and cuffs and other washable garments, such as blouses, as described specifically in .my U. patent application Serial No. 262,945, filed December 22, 1951, which is a continuation-in-part application of my copending United States patent application Serial No.-.l02,423,, filed on June 30, 1949.
  • Example 7 A fiber mixture consisting of 50 parts by weightof cotton and 50 parts by weight of ramie is formed into webs having each a .thickness of 1.2 mm. and a weight of .35 g. per square meter. 30 such webs are combined into a fleece having a thickness of 40 mm. and a weight of 1000 g. per s'quare' m. p
  • This fleece is treated on one surface with a foam containing about 10 volume parts of air per volume part of a liquid dispersion containing 5% by weight of a' filmforming :binder :material having the following composition:
  • the liquid binder contains about 40% I of binder solids, about 10% of wetting agent and about 2% of foam stabilizer. It has the following composition:
  • butadtenczstyrenepolyimerilatex 60%)--..” 335 i .200 softened wliter 86.5 sodtmn-isdbutylene-naphthalene sulionate (web ting agent).- 50 50 c oxide, .h- 10 10 colloidal-sewn 6 6 raytilcanimtian acoelera 2.5 2..5 methylcellulose 10 10 During its passage between .the pressure rollers, the fleece is compressed and stretched lengthwise while about 1.12 ,parts by weightof binder solids .are incorporated into .the fleece per ,1.0.0 .parts by weight of fibers.
  • the impregnated sheet is stabilized without pressure by drying with heat-"and vulcanization :bystorage for 12 .hours'in a room Heated.to about..C. Thereafter the sheet is washed and dried again.
  • I k I .Theiinishedasheet is about ..25% longer and-contains about 20% by weightless fibers .thanthe starting fleece.
  • the final product has a thickness of about 3.5 mm.
  • 11 weighs about 1700 g. per square m. It contains about 53% by Weight of solid binder material and 47% by weight of fibers. The material may be used as a scrubbing cloth.
  • polyvinylidene chloride emulsion 50%) 240 120 softened water 720 wetting agent 40 40 Upon drying, about 13 parts by weight of solid polyvinylidene chloride are deposited on the treated surface of the fleece per 100 parts by weight of fibers (13 g. per square m.).
  • a creamy, flowable foam containing about 6 volume parts of air per volume part of liquid binder is pressed into the untreated surface of the fleece.
  • the liquid binder contains about 40% by weight of binder solids, about 7% by weight of wetting agent and about 3% by weight of foam stabilizing agent and has the fol- As the foam is pressed into the fleece to effect uniform and complete penetration thereof, the fleece is reduced in thickness and stretched lengthwise while about 287 parts by weight of binder solids are incorporated into the fleece per 100 parts by weight of fibers.
  • the impregnated sheet is stabilized without pressure by heating and drying, then carefully washed in cold water, dried again, and finally lightly calendered.
  • the finished sheet is about 22% longer and contains about 18% by weight less fibers than the starting fleece.
  • the sheet material has a thickness of 1.0 mm. and a weight of 320 g. per square m. It contains about 75% by weight of solid binder material.
  • Example 9 taining about 13 volume parts of air per volume part of a v liquid, film-forming binder containing about 10% of binder solids and having the following composition:
  • chloropreue latex 50%) 100 50 softened water 350 wetting agent.
  • 30 zinc oxide 15 15 colloidal sulphur 1 1 ultravuleanization ace erato 2 2 antioxidant 2 2 Upon drying, a surface impregnation is obtained which contains about 8 parts by weight of binder solids per 100 parts by weight of fibers (4 g. per square m.).
  • a thick, flowable foam containing about 7 volumes of air per volume part of liquid binder is pressed into the untreated surface of the fleece.
  • the foam is prepared from a binder liquid which contains about 25% of binder solids and about 6.3% of wetting agents and which has the following composition:
  • the foam is rolled into the fleece with light pressure to cause incorporation into the fleece of about 52 parts by weight of solid binder material per 100 parts by weight of fibers.
  • the final sheet material After drying without pressure, washing with cold water and drying again, the final sheet material, the length of which exceeds that of the starting fleece by about 33 /3 has a thickness of about 0.2 mm. and a weight of about 60 g. per square meter. It contains about 38% by weight of solid binder material and about 62% by weight of fibers.
  • Example 10 A fiber mixture consisting of 100% by weight of Egyptian cotton is formed into a single layer fleece having a thickness of about 1.0 mm. and weighing about 35 g. per square meter.
  • This fleece is treated on one surface with a foam containing about 12 volume parts of air per volume part of a binder liquid containing about 9% by weight of binder solids and about 4% by weight of wetting agent and having the following composition:
  • the liquid binder 13 contains about 18% by weight of solid binder material and about 6% by weight of wetting agent and has the Forty-five parts by weight of binder solids are incorpo- The ressure Withwhich the foamzis (pressed. inte the fleece is so adjusted that about 70 partsioyi' weight of solid binder are incorporated into the fleece per 100 parts by weight of fibers'.
  • the resulting final-sheet material has a- .thicknessof 1.2 mm. and. .a weightf 420 g. per square m. Its length; exceedsthat of the-starting fleece .by about 2:5 %1,-its :fiber weight per square, m. is about 20% less-than thatof the starting-fleecealt-contains about 43% by weight of solid binden-particles and by weight of fiber material,
  • Example 12 -.A fiber mixture consisting tof ,50 parts by weighttof rated into the fleece per 100 parts by weight of fibers .15 a p g from the smnd foam impregnation
  • the sheet isdried asoestosfibers and 50 .parts by we ght of-glassfibers s without pressure, then washed with cold water and finally formed into webs having each a thickness of about 0.2 dfledUagaJ-n at modemteheah mm. and a weight of 25 g. per square m.
  • the material is Y F F combmed by piessure f heat longitudinally stretched to about 143% of the original 20 i Stretchmg mm a fleece havmg welght of length of the fleece while the fiber weight .per squarem. 280 5' Per Equine meten t t is reduced by about 30%.
  • the finished product has a Thls F treated "F 9 i 9 .F ,-W thickness of 0.1 mm. and a weight of 43 g. per square foam Containing? elachivolunie partof hq d b f m. It contains about 43% by weight of solid binder ma- "9 parts.
  • the sheet mahquld comammg 8% by Y g f teria'l may be used as a lining-or blinkerlining, where a very a d, 4% W P ma is agf such bmder thin'and light material is required, or as a substitute 'for hquld having the followmg composltlon:
  • Intermingled polyvinyl chloride fibers are formed into H 4 jw' thin webs having each a thickness of 0.2 mm. and a I 0 p weight of 18 g. per square in i8 such webs are com- 331353 32235]?ffffffi 23 Q2 l bmed by pressure and heat with, slight stretching into a wetting again..- "20 go fleecehaving a weight of about 300 g. per square m.
  • This fleece is treated on one of its surfaces with a foam ul a l n a accelerator Q9 containing about 10 volumes of air for each volume of 500 a liquid, film forming binder material having the followt t 3 mg composmon' Upon drying, the foam is caus'edto collapse and to 140 deposit on the treated surface about 6 parts by weight ggg of binder solids per 100 parts by weight of fibers (17 g. .B. W. 1 .w. per square 111.), thus eifccting a light surface cohesion of the fleece.
  • binder solids Li um Solid Upon drying, about 5 parts by weight of binder solids Li um Solid are deposited on the treated surface of the fleece per 100 P rts Parts parts by weight of fibers (15 g. per square m.), 5 p
  • the overall stretch throughout the process amounts to anti-0X p 1 1 about 17.5% of the original length of the fleece corremethylceuulose (foam stabmzmg'agent) 5 5 sponding' to a reduction of fiber weight per square m. of about 15%.
  • the final sheet has a thickness of 3 mrri. and a weight of 490 g. per square m. It contains about 1 51.5%. by weight of binder solids and 48.5% by weight of fiber material.
  • Example 13 A fiber mixture is prepared consisting of 80 parts by weight of cotton and 20 parts by weight of wool. This mixture is formed into webs having each a thickness of 0.4 mm. and a weight of 19 g. per square in.
  • This fleece is treated on one of its surfaces with a foam containing for each volume part of liquid about volume parts of air.
  • the foam is prepared from a binder 16
  • Example 14 i A fiber mixture containing 50% by weight of cotton and 50% by weight of rayon was formed into loose,
  • This fleece is first treated by spreading on one surface thereof a flowable foam containing about 10 volume parts of air per volume part of a 14% synthetic rubber dispersion of the following composition:
  • Liquid Solid butadiene acrylonitrile polymer dispersion (37%).- 270 100 Parts Parts wetting agent solution (53%) 120 60 B. W. B. W. vulcanizing agents and other ingredients (dispersions) 20 10 softened water 290 butadiene acrylonitrile dispersion (37%) 270 100 wetting agent solution (50%) 54 27 700 dispersion 33%%:
  • the binder dispersion had the following composition:
  • the foam is dried without pressure and about 21.5 parts by weight of vulcanizable binder solids are deposited throughout the fleece per 100 parts by weight of fibers.
  • the fleece is stretched lengthwise during the prestabilizing stages of the process to about 125% of its original length with reduction of its fiber weightby about 20%.
  • the resulting sheet material is carefully dried without pressure and Without complete vulcanization. When washed with cold water, it has a thickness of about 1.5 mm, weighs about 106 g. per square m. and contains about 21% by Weight of binder solids and about 79% by weight of fiber material.
  • This sheet material has high Water absorbent properties but relatively low tensile strength and abrasion resistance. It is particularly suitable as an intermediate in the preparation of porous, water absorbent sheet materials in ac oordance with the invention described in my United States application Serial No. 262,943, filed December 22, 1951, which is a continuation-in-part of my United States application No. 102,424, filed on June 30, 1949.
  • the binder liquid used for the preparation of the foam contains 25% by weight of binder solids and has the following composition:
  • Example 15 A fiber mixture is prepared from by weight of synthetic protein fibers and 20% by weight of cotton fibers.
  • the mixture is formed into loose webs having a thickness of 0.25 mm. and a weight of 22 g. per square m.
  • a foam comprising about 10 parts of air for each part of liquid and formed from a dispersion containing about 10% by weight of binder solids is spread .17 i uniformly on one surfaceof :thefleece. .
  • Thebinder. .persion has the following composition:
  • ultra-vulcanization acceleratorjdispersion (25% 6 sulphur dispersion 50% "II antioxidant dispersion (50% softened water On *drying, about '3 parts by weight of solid'binder 'material' are deposited per 100 parts' by'weight of fibers (about-9.5 g. per'sguare'm.),thus producing'a light sur- 'facecohesion.
  • afoam comprising about '3 volumeiparts of air per volumejpart of liquid is pressed into the opposite untreatedsurface of "the fleece.
  • Thisfoam is.prepared'from-,a dispersion containing about 30% by weight of bindersolidsand .havingthe 'following composition:
  • sodium isobutylene naphthalene'solution (wetting zinc oxide dispersion (50%) softened water butadiene acrylonitrile pOl mer 'dispersiOn '(50%) 5.150
  • Theresulting sheet material has a thickness of about l.2 .mm. and aweight'of about 350 g. per square m. It contains about 43% 'by weight of vulcanized ;binder solids. It is shrink-proof, air permeable and elastic. It has a fabric-like soft hand and is suitable as a heavy duty, warm 'inte'rlining, affording excellentwind protection.
  • Example 16 1 A'fiber mixture is prepared from 60% by weight of spun rayon, 20% by weight of ramie and 20% by weight of polyacryl fibers.
  • the mixture is'formed into loose webs having a thickness of 0.3mm. and a weight of 25g. per squarem.
  • Thisfleece is treated by spreading on one surface thereof a foam comprising aboutl0parts of airfor each part of"li quid,"s aid foam being formed from'a dispersion rsodfiibim lauryl sult'onate solution (wetting agent) '.materialare deposited points between containing about "8% 'by weight ofYbinderssolids and having .the followingcomposition:
  • a. foam comprising about 2 volume. parts of. airv per volume .part of,:liq.uid,-1is pressed-intothe opposite untreated surface of. the :fleece.
  • This foam .is preparedxfrom a dispersion containingiabout 25% .by weight of binder solids andhavingtheifollowing composition -About-'40-parts by weight 'of solid-binder material are incorporated 'intothe eece per "l00'-parts"by weight of The -mate'rial”is then' dried Without pressure by passing' it through a chamber heated 'to' -"C.for 50 :minutes, and thereafter*lightly'calentlered, washed arid dried again.
  • the material undergoes taslongitu'dinal stret'c'liing by"about "82% of the original length-of'the fleece and the fiber content per' square m. is reduced about 4 5% by dl
  • the fleece in the form. of small, filmy particles of binder solids adhering to the fibers and cementing them together at their crossing points without completely encasing the fibers or filling the interstices therebetween to any substantial extent so as to stabilize the fibers in the form of an open skeleton.
  • aqueous film-forming binder material is a vulcanizable latex of the group consisting of the natural and synthetic rubber latices, and the fleece is dried and vulcanized without pressure after the latex foam has been pressed into its untreated surface.
  • a process for the manufacture of porous, airpermeable, flexible sheet material comprising the steps of preparing a loose fleece of intermingled, polyposed, fine, cardable fibers, said fleece weighing about 35 g. to about 1000 g. per square m., pre-treating one surface of said fleece to produce a light surface cohesion without any appreciable loss of the porosity of the fleece, then introducing an aqueous, film-forming binder material containing about 14% to about 40% by weight of binder solids and up to about 60 parts by weight of a wetting agent per 100 parts by weight of binder solids in the form of a stable flowable foam into the fleece through the untreated surface thereof under a pressure to effect a substantially complete and uniform penetration of the fleece with simultaneous destruction of part of the foam cells and preservation of numerous relatively large interstices between the fibers, and drying without pressure to effect complete collapse of the remaining foam cells and precipitation of the binder material on the fibers particularly at the crossing points between adjacent fibers, uniformly throughout the fiee
  • a process for the manufacture of porous, airpermeable, flexible sheet material comprising the steps of preparing a loose fleece of intermingled,
  • said fleece weighting about 35 g. to about 1000 g. per square m., pre-treating one surface of said fleece by applying to said surface a quantity of a first binding agent in a carrier liquid in the form of a stable, relatively stiff foam to produce a light surface cohesion without any appreciable loss of the porosity of the fleece, drying the fleece to effect stabilization of the binder by removal of the carrier liquid, then introducing an aqueous, film-forming binder material containing about 14% to about 40% by weight of binder solids and being in the form of a stable flowable foam into the fleece through the untreated surface thereof under a pressure to eifect a substantially complete and uniform penetration of the fleece with simultaneous destruction of part of the foam cells and preservation of numerous relatively large interstices between the fibers, and drying without pressure to effect complete collapse of the remaining foam cells and precipitation of the binder material on the fibers particularly at the crossing points between adjacent fibers, uniformly throughout the fleece in the form of small, filmy particles of
  • porous, shrink-proof, air-permeable sheet material resistant to creasing which comprises the steps of preparing a loose fleece consisting of a plurality of superposed webs of fine, cardable fibers arranged in a plurality of intersecting directions, each web having a thickness of about 0.1 mm. to 1.2 mm. and weighing from about to 35 g. per m? and the fleece weighing from about 40 to 400 g.
  • a process for the manufacture of a fabric-like, porous, air-permeable, shrink-proof, isoelastic sheet material which comprises the steps of preparing a loose fleece consisting of a plurality of superposed webs of fine, cardable fibers arranged in a plurality of intersectingdirections, each web having a thickness of about 0.1 to about 1.2 mm. and weighing from about 5 to about 35 g. per m. the fleece weighing from about 40 g. to about 400 g. per m? and containing at least 15% b. w.
  • the elastic, film forming binder material is a latex selected from the natural and synthetic rubber latex dispersions of vulcanizable solids containing further a wetting agent, a foam stabilizing agent, a vulcanizing agent, a vulcanization ac celerator and an antioxidant.
  • a process for the manufacture of a fabric-like porous, air permeable, isoelastic sheet material which comprises the steps of preparing a loose fleece consisting of fine cardable fibers arranged in random positions, said fleece containing at least a major proportion of fibers of high elasticity and weighing about g. per m.
  • a process for the manufacture of air-permeable, flexible, fibrous sheet material comprising the steps of forming a loose fleece of intermingled, polyposed, fine, cardable fibers weighing about 35 to about 1000 grams per square meter, pre-treating at least one surface of said fleece to produce a light surface cohesion without any appreciable diminution of the porosity of the fleece, introducing into said pre-treated fleece an aqueous emulsion of a film-forming binder material containing about 14% to about 40% by weight of binder solids and being in the form of a stable, flowable foam under a pressure suflicient to effect a substantially complete and uniform penetration of the fleece with simultaneous destruction of part of the foam cells and compaction of the fleece to a sheet without substantial reduction of the interstices between adjacent fibers in the plane of the sheet, and drying without pressure to eflect complete collapse of any remaining foam cells and setting of the binder solids precipitated primarily at the crossing points between adjacent fibers uniformly throughout the sheet in the form of small,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
US262941A 1948-10-01 1951-12-22 Process for the manufacture of porous, air-permeable, flexible sheet material Expired - Lifetime US2719806A (en)

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DE2719806X 1948-10-01
GB2551453A GB716228A (en) 1948-10-01 1950-07-13 Improvements in and relating to a process for the production of multi-layered poroussheet material
US729569XA 1951-12-22 1951-12-22
GB741453A GB728865A (en) 1948-10-01 1953-03-17 Fabrics composed of adhesively-bonded fibres and process for producing such fabrics

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Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US2875115A (en) * 1954-04-19 1959-02-24 Gen Tire & Rubber Co Plastic upholstery material
US2899337A (en) * 1955-03-15 1959-08-11 Fibrous absorbent ball and method of producing same
US2909456A (en) * 1955-07-27 1959-10-20 Du Pont Non-woven sheet material
US2931749A (en) * 1956-08-13 1960-04-05 Rohm & Haas Bonded non-woven fibrous products and methods for making them
US2949394A (en) * 1954-03-17 1960-08-16 Du Pont Sheet material
US2949386A (en) * 1958-11-03 1960-08-16 Interchem Corp Non-woven fabrics
US2955962A (en) * 1956-09-28 1960-10-11 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Dust cloth
US2961348A (en) * 1957-05-14 1960-11-22 Int Latex Corp Flexible reinforced fibrous sheeting
US2972554A (en) * 1955-05-23 1961-02-21 Fiber Bond Corp Pad and method of making same
US2982682A (en) * 1956-08-13 1961-05-02 Rohm & Haas Non-woven bonded fibrous products and methods for their production
US3042573A (en) * 1957-12-24 1962-07-03 Witco Chemical Company Ltd Process and apparatus for manufacturing impregnated fibrous materials
US3062682A (en) * 1957-04-09 1962-11-06 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Fibrous glass product and method of manufacture
US3074834A (en) * 1956-08-13 1963-01-22 Rohm & Haas Non-woven fibrous products and methods for their production
US3116163A (en) * 1958-11-28 1963-12-31 Freudenberg Carl Fa Rendering polyvinyl alcohol fibers containing structure chlorine-fast
US3157562A (en) * 1959-07-27 1964-11-17 Rohm & Haas Bonded non-woven fibrous products and methods of making them
US3161888A (en) * 1960-06-28 1964-12-22 Ver Filzfabriken A G Collar linings on men's and ladies' garments
US3163689A (en) * 1957-09-16 1964-12-29 Frank E Ives Method of manufacturing plastic panels and apparatus therefor
DE1292125B (de) * 1961-12-01 1969-04-10 Schickedanz Ver Papierwerk Verfahren zur Herstellung von einlagigen Faserstoffvliesen
DE2054284A1 (de) * 1969-11-05 1971-05-19 Polymer Corp , Ltd , Sarnia, Ontario (Kanada) Verfahren zur Herstellung von mit Schaumgummiruckseiten versehenen Textil waren
US3765974A (en) * 1969-04-24 1973-10-16 Freudenberg C Fa Spot-bonded mats and process for their manufacture
DE2406321A1 (de) * 1974-02-09 1975-08-21 Lutravil Spinnvlies Spinnvlies aus endlosen faeden aus polyamid-6
US3906131A (en) * 1964-12-31 1975-09-16 Freudenberg Carl Fa Chamois leather-like material having improved water absorbency and abrasion resistance
US3941905A (en) * 1971-10-12 1976-03-02 Pavena Ag Method of continuously impregnating a textile fiber arrangement with liquids
US3976734A (en) * 1971-05-20 1976-08-24 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Method for forming air formed adhesive bonded webs
US4143424A (en) * 1975-11-08 1979-03-13 Firma Carl Freudenberg Combined interlining and chest piece for garments
DE2935413A1 (de) * 1979-09-01 1981-03-19 Küsters, Eduard, 4150 Krefeld Verfahren und vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen behandeln von textilen u.ae. warenbahnen
DE3002970A1 (de) * 1980-01-29 1981-08-06 Küsters, Eduard, 4150 Krefeld Kontinue-verfahren zum faerben von bahnfoermigen texti gut mit unterschiedlichen faserarten
US20110277284A1 (en) * 2009-02-05 2011-11-17 Ullrich Muenstermann Method and apparatus for producing cotton wool products
US8336474B2 (en) 2001-10-18 2012-12-25 Yugao Zhang Wrinkle free garment and method of manufacture
WO2015066793A1 (en) * 2013-11-05 2015-05-14 B-Ternia Inc. Waist belt for load bearing applications

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1267190B (de) * 1961-03-23 1968-05-02 Goeppinger Kaliko Kunstleder Verfahren zur Herstellung eines wasserdampfdurchlaessigen und feuchtigkeitsaufsaugenden Kunstleders
CH584785A5 (sv) * 1976-02-19 1976-12-31 Stotz & Co Ag
DE3231971A1 (de) * 1982-08-27 1984-03-15 Helmut 6780 Pirmasens Schaefer Brandsohle fuer schuhe und verfahren zur herstellung derselben

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US1899535A (en) * 1925-04-01 1933-02-28 Gen Rubber Co Process and composition for rubberizing water repellent material and product thereof
US2003935A (en) * 1933-12-06 1935-06-04 Howard Joseph Arthur Manufacture of upholstery padding
US2055410A (en) * 1933-05-29 1936-09-22 United Cotton Products Company Web material
GB468861A (en) * 1936-02-10 1937-07-14 Moulded Hair Company Ltd Improvements relating to upholstery padding material
US2140063A (en) * 1936-12-08 1938-12-13 Talalay Josef Anton Process for producing resilient fibrous material for stuffing upholstery
US2140026A (en) * 1934-12-06 1938-12-13 Dunlop Rubber Co Cellular rubber and method of making the same
US2256034A (en) * 1936-12-03 1941-09-16 Firm Carl Freudenberg Artificial leather substitute
US2298986A (en) * 1940-02-07 1942-10-13 Dunlop Rubber Co Cushioning material of spongelike or cellular rubber
US2341130A (en) * 1939-05-12 1944-02-08 E B & A C Whiting Company Method of making fibrous bats
US2533167A (en) * 1947-06-27 1950-12-05 American Reenforced Paper Co Method and apparatus for applying adhesive to fibrous webs
US2571334A (en) * 1946-08-30 1951-10-16 Houdaille Hershey Corp Method of making resilient batts
US2580202A (en) * 1949-11-17 1951-12-25 Sponge Rubber Products Company Reinforced fibrous porous cushioning material

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US1899535A (en) * 1925-04-01 1933-02-28 Gen Rubber Co Process and composition for rubberizing water repellent material and product thereof
US2055410A (en) * 1933-05-29 1936-09-22 United Cotton Products Company Web material
US2003935A (en) * 1933-12-06 1935-06-04 Howard Joseph Arthur Manufacture of upholstery padding
US2140026A (en) * 1934-12-06 1938-12-13 Dunlop Rubber Co Cellular rubber and method of making the same
GB468861A (en) * 1936-02-10 1937-07-14 Moulded Hair Company Ltd Improvements relating to upholstery padding material
US2256034A (en) * 1936-12-03 1941-09-16 Firm Carl Freudenberg Artificial leather substitute
US2140063A (en) * 1936-12-08 1938-12-13 Talalay Josef Anton Process for producing resilient fibrous material for stuffing upholstery
US2341130A (en) * 1939-05-12 1944-02-08 E B & A C Whiting Company Method of making fibrous bats
US2298986A (en) * 1940-02-07 1942-10-13 Dunlop Rubber Co Cushioning material of spongelike or cellular rubber
US2571334A (en) * 1946-08-30 1951-10-16 Houdaille Hershey Corp Method of making resilient batts
US2533167A (en) * 1947-06-27 1950-12-05 American Reenforced Paper Co Method and apparatus for applying adhesive to fibrous webs
US2580202A (en) * 1949-11-17 1951-12-25 Sponge Rubber Products Company Reinforced fibrous porous cushioning material

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2949394A (en) * 1954-03-17 1960-08-16 Du Pont Sheet material
US2875115A (en) * 1954-04-19 1959-02-24 Gen Tire & Rubber Co Plastic upholstery material
US2899337A (en) * 1955-03-15 1959-08-11 Fibrous absorbent ball and method of producing same
US2972554A (en) * 1955-05-23 1961-02-21 Fiber Bond Corp Pad and method of making same
US2909456A (en) * 1955-07-27 1959-10-20 Du Pont Non-woven sheet material
US2982682A (en) * 1956-08-13 1961-05-02 Rohm & Haas Non-woven bonded fibrous products and methods for their production
US3074834A (en) * 1956-08-13 1963-01-22 Rohm & Haas Non-woven fibrous products and methods for their production
US2931749A (en) * 1956-08-13 1960-04-05 Rohm & Haas Bonded non-woven fibrous products and methods for making them
US2955962A (en) * 1956-09-28 1960-10-11 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Dust cloth
US3062682A (en) * 1957-04-09 1962-11-06 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Fibrous glass product and method of manufacture
US2961348A (en) * 1957-05-14 1960-11-22 Int Latex Corp Flexible reinforced fibrous sheeting
US3163689A (en) * 1957-09-16 1964-12-29 Frank E Ives Method of manufacturing plastic panels and apparatus therefor
US3042573A (en) * 1957-12-24 1962-07-03 Witco Chemical Company Ltd Process and apparatus for manufacturing impregnated fibrous materials
US2949386A (en) * 1958-11-03 1960-08-16 Interchem Corp Non-woven fabrics
US3116163A (en) * 1958-11-28 1963-12-31 Freudenberg Carl Fa Rendering polyvinyl alcohol fibers containing structure chlorine-fast
US3157562A (en) * 1959-07-27 1964-11-17 Rohm & Haas Bonded non-woven fibrous products and methods of making them
US3161888A (en) * 1960-06-28 1964-12-22 Ver Filzfabriken A G Collar linings on men's and ladies' garments
DE1292125B (de) * 1961-12-01 1969-04-10 Schickedanz Ver Papierwerk Verfahren zur Herstellung von einlagigen Faserstoffvliesen
US3906131A (en) * 1964-12-31 1975-09-16 Freudenberg Carl Fa Chamois leather-like material having improved water absorbency and abrasion resistance
US3765974A (en) * 1969-04-24 1973-10-16 Freudenberg C Fa Spot-bonded mats and process for their manufacture
DE2054284A1 (de) * 1969-11-05 1971-05-19 Polymer Corp , Ltd , Sarnia, Ontario (Kanada) Verfahren zur Herstellung von mit Schaumgummiruckseiten versehenen Textil waren
US3976734A (en) * 1971-05-20 1976-08-24 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Method for forming air formed adhesive bonded webs
US3941905A (en) * 1971-10-12 1976-03-02 Pavena Ag Method of continuously impregnating a textile fiber arrangement with liquids
DE2406321A1 (de) * 1974-02-09 1975-08-21 Lutravil Spinnvlies Spinnvlies aus endlosen faeden aus polyamid-6
US4143424A (en) * 1975-11-08 1979-03-13 Firma Carl Freudenberg Combined interlining and chest piece for garments
DE2935413A1 (de) * 1979-09-01 1981-03-19 Küsters, Eduard, 4150 Krefeld Verfahren und vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen behandeln von textilen u.ae. warenbahnen
DE3002970A1 (de) * 1980-01-29 1981-08-06 Küsters, Eduard, 4150 Krefeld Kontinue-verfahren zum faerben von bahnfoermigen texti gut mit unterschiedlichen faserarten
US8336474B2 (en) 2001-10-18 2012-12-25 Yugao Zhang Wrinkle free garment and method of manufacture
US20110277284A1 (en) * 2009-02-05 2011-11-17 Ullrich Muenstermann Method and apparatus for producing cotton wool products
WO2015066793A1 (en) * 2013-11-05 2015-05-14 B-Ternia Inc. Waist belt for load bearing applications

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