Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
  • G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
  • G03C5/40—Chemically transforming developed images
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C11/00—Auxiliary processes in photography
  • G03C11/04—Retouching

Definitions

• Thisinvention relates to non-acid, photographic oxidizer-modifiers used for adjusting the v.imageuclarity and intensity, in whole. or. in, part,
• the invention includes also. new
• non-acid oxidizer-modifiers of the invention manifest their. effectiveness for their various respective applications 'by' containing at least one halogen accompanied by at least aqueous, acid aqueous, aqueous alcohol,-andacid aqueous alcohol media.
• The-individual halogens show individual behaviordependent" on' the'particularvariations. :of compositions and conditions employed. "Iodine long and substantially .unlimite'd periods the halogen, e g. iodine,pcont,ent,.-tas,-,exempl r by taking ahi'gh concentration (up to; saturation) of crystallineiodine into water solutionibyusing and bromine for the. mostpart. areadistinctivialy effective and .of these iodineis moreagenerally desired because of the. more ,general.- .e1nployment of the iodide of. silversini photosensitive :films. Chlorine and. fluorine manifestcertain;similarities in behavior and of the twochlorine;.may ..be the more iavoredin use becausenf-the more general commercial use of. chlorine oiflthettwo of them.
• halogen and the-aldehyde ordzetone are .used'together as the. principal ingredientsnftmy non-acid oxidizer-modifiers most generally, iman essentially aqueous vehicles
• iodine it is advantageousand preferable,..-to efEectLthe dissolution of the iodine insuch vehicle,i to.;;use an alkali metal salt. capable. of taking iodine. into aqueous solution, for example ..,an',;.alkali. metal iodide such as potassiumiodide oranalk'ali metal thiosulphate ,as sodiumthiosulphate.
• I use a highly.
• I. .can replace the aldehyde or ketone' by one of'theqdec'olorized iodine solutions which usually. containiodine..,dis-.
• non-acid oxidizer-modifier ..ordinari1y will keep 'usually;.ior; about. ,a .working..ida'ys period, generally 'fromseveral.” hourshsay ssix or seven, tOItWOOI" three days-or more.;depending on' the individual composition.
• my non-acid oxidizer-modifiers are stable for very preferably an aqueous potassium iodide'solution 1 water (37%).
• Decolorized iodine N. F. VI is prepared by addition to a solution of 25 grams of potassium iodide in 400 cc. of water of 50 grams of iodine and 400 cc. of alcohol and stirring. After the iodine is completely dissolved, 100 cc. of stronger ammonia water (about 37% NI-Is) are added and Thereafter suflicient alcohol is added Decolorizediodine N. F. IV.Digest 83 grams each of iodine and sodium thiosulphate in 100 cc. of water, at a gentle heat, until complete solution results. Then add 125 cc. of alcohol and afterwards 65 cc.
• This oxidizer-modifier is prepared, for example, by adding half of the water to the tincture of iodine, then the decolorized iodine and the formalin, and thereafter adding the second half of the water. No filtering is necessary.
• drams 3 Formalin do 1 to 3 Distilled water liq. oz '7 17 grams of iodine and not less than 3 grams and not morethan 4 grams of potassium iodide in each 100 cc.
• Lugols solution iodine compound is the standard U..S..Pharmacopoeia solution containing in each 100 cc. not less than 4.5 grams and not more than 5.5 grams of iodine and not less than 9.5 grams and not more than 10.5 grams of potassium iodide.
• the concentrated iodine can be: replaced by'fi drains of tincture ofliiodiiie UL'S. P; or of any of the. dilute iodine solutionsosuchoas anytofwthe iodine test solutions, dec'olorizediodines, Churchills' tincture, or'Lugols tincture, and the like .
• a corresponding solution "can be prepared with" the equivalent amountofany othenavailable efiecti'v'e aldehyde? such as furfural'dehyde, and; .the
• oxidizer-modifiers made with alde-t h ydes' other than formaldehyde- show activity relativelyeomparablewith it "in the variou uses, but aresomewhatunder it as to" duration iii' -keep ingxt'qualities; .
• ThePnon-acid oxidizer-modifiers havingracetaldehyderon afurfuraldehyde are com arablyqas :efieoti've :asithe (formaldehyde containtion)? li'q. oz: 4 Form'alin drams 4 Waterto make a total'of' lid. 02;.”
• concentration aqueouszzsolutione shows:zits effectiveness :usually by; attacking more: strongly the silver in: 1 the darkerzparts athesiimage thana-do the-composh tions containingiiodine: An examplewith fluorine (I4)"F1uorine- (-as '3t aqueous solution) "lid.” 02;. 3 Formalin drams 3to 4 Distilledwater -1i'q;-'oz 6130-8 Other-H desirable illustrative-l but not limiting,- examplesaxof T the anon-acid: species .-:0f oxidizermodifiers-Jane:
• compositions includingiarketoneishow good 7 effectiveness invarious oi the indicated photographic applications.
• the non-acid oxidizer-modifiers keep for only a short time, as noted above for from several hours to for the best part possibly two or three days, or perhaps slightly longer, depending on composition and conditions. It is usually undesirable to use my oxidizer-modifiers in clear daylight when adjusting photo images as they lose activity to a measure in such light.
• the water constituent has been included as distilled Water in the various preceding examples because it is most dependable. However, the recently made available demineralized water is adequately useful as well as any good quality tap water. Actually, the primary precaution is that the water should not have excessive silica. and lime content.
• a color transparency is kept in the oxidizer bath from about 1 to 5 minutes, depending on the density of the transparency.
• a gre tinge forms over the transparency, but disappears after the usual hypo treatment.
• the action is somewhat different on glossy and on mat papers.
• Glossy paper prints remain absolutely clear during rocessing while mat paper prints become covered overall with a green-grey and violet veil which disappears in the hypo treatment.
• the normal time of treatment is about 1 to 3 minutes, depending on the characteristics of the light sensitive paper used and the density of the printed picture.
• it is preferable to use one of the concentrated iodine containing non-acid type such as those of Examples 13, 14 and 15. This concentrated non-acid type keeps indefinitely.
• My non-acid oxidizer-modifiers are also used for retouching small parts of pictures, such as for removing or lightening dark spots, such as blemishes, freckles, wrinkles and the like, for example, on black and white and color separation pictures or on color transparencies not quite completely satisfactory results are obtained if for such local retouching there is used an of my solutions of the various preceding examples as these work too slowly for this purpose.
• the retouched film or color transparency has to be washed thoroughly.
• a glycerine and water solution medium syrupy viscosity
• the function of the glycerine here and in the oxidizer is to protect the edges of the film, and especially of the paper print (due to the greater absorbability of the paper), and also in local retouching to avoid leaving a sharp outline about the retouched area, due to the high activity of such stronger oxidizermodifier.
• My non-acid oxidizer-modifiers are specially adapted for treating photographic prints where it is necessary to adjust their contrast or softness. In removing the haze or veil from an image, my oxidizer-modifiers in essence serve as a photographic reducer (not to be confused with the same word in its strict chemical parlance).
• My non-acid oxidizer-modifiers in general are easily prepared for use, inexpensive, and efiectively adapted for the various purposes enumerated above. Their use on transparencies bearing also an image of a half-tone dot etching screen,
• My non-acid oxidizer-modifiers can be used. also for a novel method of local color correction by oxidation. This includes the steps of coating with my new and transparent resists the picture portions of the emulsion, which are not to be corrected, immersing the emulsion in one of my oxidizer baths for a sumcient time for the correcting action on the uncoated parts of the picture, and, after bathing the picture in a special hypo described below, removing the resist from the emulsion.
• the parts not to be treated with the oxidizer can be coated with my new resists either in the usual manner or by application with an air brush.
• the oxidizer-modifiers made with decolorized with. my: new. resistsmyhich are,- compositionsof matter comprising a transparentysubfi ienfifiinert to gelatin and selected from the grou consist ng of transparent waxy and resinous substances a d dissolvedgin-a. transparent, liquid; solvent ipnsaid substances and vrhicnis; inerttmand-nota sol venttor, gelatin; for-example,- preferably Canada balsam as the solutesand benzol the solvent. They can be produced eitherin arquickedryingbr in: anon-drying. type.
• I include in the above described non drying transparent -resist-compositions;Indian red pi ment or white lead carbonate or other compatible substances.
• the following composition can be used (by weight) Ounces Beeswax 4 Oil of turpentine 3 Asphalt varnish (e. g. Eimer and Amend make) 1 Red pigment About 14 White lead carbonate About 1 This opaque resist cannot be washed off with cold water, but hot water will remove it.
• resists are used for the most diverse pur poses.
• One of the principal purposes is, as already illustrated, to cover a part of a picture during retouching and thereby withhold action of the oxidizer on such part while the uncovered other parts are processed with the oxidizer in any desired way.
• My new resists are especially adapted for such process for their transparency makes it possible during processing to compare the parts to be treated with those remaining untreated and thereby to regulate the time of treatment as necessary.
• my resists are in the covering of a part of a picture while the adjacent part is removed. Still another field of use for my nondrying, transparent resist is to cover with them parts of pictures or paintings, retouched with an air brush. If my transparent, quick-drying resist is used, a layer of it preserves the paint from being rubbed or washed off and enhances considerably the brilliancy of the picture; and in addition preserves the paintings from cracking or discoloration. My new quick-drying resists may also be used for plates or films for natural color transparencies.
• ndthe res sti o longer n e e nQn-dry na transpare re t can b u e similarly ls onprints- Mywccpendinsapn c tio v serial .N 642.98 e c e an c ai m acid. pe es .o oxid zer: modifiers. ;By dere10.n this acid speci fou d th t; I ca orti y xi i r-modifi sothat. .ityvi l-i other ise ge ral y s a leand storable ior;asubstantially vunlimited time,- and in addition enhance.
• halogenaldehyde composition a, , suitable quantity ofv an acid,,-,distirlctively effectively a mineral acid of the type of hydrochloric,sulphuric, sulphurous, nitrosylsulphuric,v nitric, and phosphoric acids, or
• oxidizer-modifier containing an acid as an acid oxidizer-modifier.
• halogen for example iodine
• aldehyde such as formaldehyde
• the effect of such hygroscopic substance as the vehicle for solution of the usual ingredients of my acid oxidizermodifiers is to safeguard the edges of the film and especially of the paper print due to the greater absorbability of the paper, and also in local retouching to avoid leaving a sharp outline about the retouched area, against any overactivity of such stronger oxidizer composition.
• My acid oxidizer-modifiers are exemplified by adding to the composition of each of the above Examples 1 through 12, 17 and i8 hydrochloric acid 37% strength (or sulphuric acid 96-98% strength or nitric acid 70% strength) to the extent of 1 dram in each of Examples 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 18, 2 drams in Examples 2, 3, 8 and 17, about two and one-half liquid ounces in Example 10, 1 to 2 drams in Example 11 and 2 to 4 drams in Exam le 12.
• I can also influence the softness or the contrast in retouching images with either my nonacid or acid oxidizer-modifiers by including varying amounts of either sugar or common salt (NaCl) or of both as additional ingredients.
• This is exemplified by adding 2 ounces (by weight) of sugar or salt to the acidified compositions of Examples 1 and 2 as just above described and 1 11 ounce in Example 9.
• I find it advantageous to add the acid to half of the water, then to add the combined iodine constituents, then the salt or sugar and to shake to whichever of the latter that is added is dissolved and then to add the balance of the water.
• nitric acid no sugar is added.
• any of the other acids compatible with the other constituents of the modifier-oxidizer and the film or print to be treated can be used in equivalent amounts, such as any acid of the type described above.
• Those including hydrobromic, periodic, perchloric or sulphurous acid do not have quite the extent of life as do the preparations containing any of the other acids.
• ordinarily the acid constituent in my acid oxidizer-modifier serves to increase the rate of activity of the agent.
• my acid species of oxidizer-modifiers play an important role in the formation of several surprisingly useful types of transmitted-light-modifying screens that provide certain unusually eflective optical phenomena.
• My non-acid oxidizer-modifiers are not suitable for making these screens.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
• Treatment And Processing Of Natural Fur Or Leather (AREA)

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Citations (3)

• 1949
  • 1949-04-11 US US8686749 patent/US2668763A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1949-04-11 GB GB980749A patent/GB694562A/en not_active Expired

Patent Citations (3)

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