US2453896A - Treatment of titanium - Google Patents

Treatment of titanium Download PDF

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Publication number
US2453896A
US2453896A US448622A US44862242A US2453896A US 2453896 A US2453896 A US 2453896A US 448622 A US448622 A US 448622A US 44862242 A US44862242 A US 44862242A US 2453896 A US2453896 A US 2453896A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
titanium
hard
treatment
objects
pure
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Expired - Lifetime
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US448622A
Inventor
Reginald S Dean
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CHICAGO DEV CO
CHICAGO DEVELOPMENT Co
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CHICAGO DEV CO
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Application filed by CHICAGO DEV CO filed Critical CHICAGO DEV CO
Priority to US448622A priority Critical patent/US2453896A/en
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Publication of US2453896A publication Critical patent/US2453896A/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/40—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
    • C23C8/42—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions only one element being applied
    • C23C8/44—Carburising

Definitions

  • My invention relates to shaped or molded hard materials for use as abrasionor impact-resisting surfaces. It relates especially to the preparation of formed or molded shapes from metals having, as a major constituent, metallic titanium.
  • metals consisting mainly of titanium, and, particularly, pure or substantially pure metallic titanium can be converted into a very hard and tough substance by treatment with molten alkali metal cyanides.
  • a typical example of such treatment is the immersion of a sheet of pure titanium in molten potassium cyanide. Under these conditions, a very hard, tough, adherent coating is formed on the titanium sheet which can then be used for any purpose where resistance to abrasion or penetration is required.
  • the formed or molded article of titanium may be made by any of the methods known in the art. For example, I have made sheets of titanium by rolling ductile titanium which is formed by the decomposition of titanium bromide on a hot tungsten wire. I have also utilized the powder metallurgy technique to produce a relatively pure titanium, for example, by treating titanium dioxide with calcium hydride, removing the lime by an acid treatment, decomposing the titanium hydride to form pure titanium in powder form and compacting and sintering said titanium powder into a solid non-porous coherent object.
  • the reaction to form the hard titanium compound may be allowed to proceed, for example, so as to form only a very thin, hard coating on the titanium, or it may be allowed to proceed until the entire mass of titanium is converted into the hard compound.
  • the duplex material so formed has a remarkable degree of duetility and can :be deformed and bent without breaking or removing the hard coating. Since titanium has a specific gravity of only half that of steel and since the hard compound formed has a slightly lower specific gravity, it will be seen that very hard objects of low specific gravity can be obtained. The advantages of such materials are clear in the light of my teachings. Objects incL, published by American Society for Metals,
  • Hard, shaped objects produced in accordance with my invention may also be used for cutting tools, dies, bearings, impact-resistant elements and, in general, for all manner of uses where hardened steel surfaces, diamonds and cemented carbides have heretofore been employed.
  • a shaped object comprising a body portion of ductile metallic titanium and having a hard, adherent, abrasion-resistant surface resulting from the action on the ductile metallic titanium of a molten alkali metal cyanide.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Adornments (AREA)

Description

patented Nov. 16, 1948 TREATMENT OF TITANIUM Reginald S. Dean,
to Chicago Development Company,
Salt Lake City, Utah, assignor Chicago,
111., a corporation of Illinois No Drawing. Application June 26, 1942, Serial No. 448,622
2 Claims.
My invention relates to shaped or molded hard materials for use as abrasionor impact-resisting surfaces. It relates especially to the preparation of formed or molded shapes from metals having, as a major constituent, metallic titanium.
I have found that metals consisting mainly of titanium, and, particularly, pure or substantially pure metallic titanium, can be converted into a very hard and tough substance by treatment with molten alkali metal cyanides. A typical example of such treatment is the immersion of a sheet of pure titanium in molten potassium cyanide. Under these conditions, a very hard, tough, adherent coating is formed on the titanium sheet which can then be used for any purpose where resistance to abrasion or penetration is required.
The formed or molded article of titanium may be made by any of the methods known in the art. For example, I have made sheets of titanium by rolling ductile titanium which is formed by the decomposition of titanium bromide on a hot tungsten wire. I have also utilized the powder metallurgy technique to produce a relatively pure titanium, for example, by treating titanium dioxide with calcium hydride, removing the lime by an acid treatment, decomposing the titanium hydride to form pure titanium in powder form and compacting and sintering said titanium powder into a solid non-porous coherent object.
In the practice of my invention, the reaction to form the hard titanium compound may be allowed to proceed, for example, so as to form only a very thin, hard coating on the titanium, or it may be allowed to proceed until the entire mass of titanium is converted into the hard compound. In the case where only part of the titanium is converted to the hard compound, the duplex material so formed has a remarkable degree of duetility and can :be deformed and bent without breaking or removing the hard coating. Since titanium has a specific gravity of only half that of steel and since the hard compound formed has a slightly lower specific gravity, it will be seen that very hard objects of low specific gravity can be obtained. The advantages of such materials are clear in the light of my teachings. Objects incL, published by American Society for Metals,
made in accordance with my invention may be used, for example, for the production of aircraft parts where the saving of weight is an import-ant factor. Hard, shaped objects produced in accordance with my invention may also be used for cutting tools, dies, bearings, impact-resistant elements and, in general, for all manner of uses where hardened steel surfaces, diamonds and cemented carbides have heretofore been employed.
What I claim as new and desire to protect by Letters Patent of the United States is:
1. The process of producing a hard, tough and adherent coating on objects consisting at least mainly of titanium which comprises subjecting said objects to the action of a molten alkali metal cyanide.
2. A shaped object comprising a body portion of ductile metallic titanium and having a hard, adherent, abrasion-resistant surface resulting from the action on the ductile metallic titanium of a molten alkali metal cyanide.
REGINALD S. DEAN.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 896,705 Von Bolton Aug. 25, 1908 1,077,827 Fuller Nov. 4, 1913 1,701,299 Engle Feb. 5, 1929 1,895,959 Agte Jan. 31, 1933 2,122,403 Balke July 5, 1938 2,148,040 Schwarzkopf Feb. 21, 1939 2,279,003 Matush Apr. 7, 1942 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 316,103 Great Britain Oct. 22, 1930 OTHER REFERENCES Metals Handbook, 1936 ed., pages 784, 792-796 Cleveland, Ohio.
US448622A 1942-06-26 1942-06-26 Treatment of titanium Expired - Lifetime US2453896A (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2636856A (en) * 1948-06-29 1953-04-28 Mallory & Co Inc P R Electrode for electrochemical oxidation
US2838430A (en) * 1953-10-07 1958-06-10 Ford Motor Co Method of producing an anti-galling surface upon a titanium article
US2918367A (en) * 1954-10-27 1959-12-22 Armour Res Found Titanium base alloy
US3268372A (en) * 1962-09-12 1966-08-23 Lucas Industries Ltd Surface hardening of titanium
US3405016A (en) * 1956-04-11 1968-10-08 Crucible Steel Co America Heat treatable titanium base alloys and method
US20080152944A1 (en) * 2006-12-22 2008-06-26 Iap Research, Inc. System and method for surface hardening of refractory metals

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US896705A (en) * 1905-09-12 1908-08-25 Siemens Ag Process for hardening tantalum.
US1077827A (en) * 1911-05-06 1913-11-04 Gen Electric Process of treating tungsten.
US1701299A (en) * 1927-05-27 1929-02-05 Fansteel Prod Co Inc Tantalum-alloy pen
GB316103A (en) * 1928-07-20 1930-10-22 Bayerische Metallwerke Ag Method of manufacturing hydrocarbon-containing metals and alloys
US1895959A (en) * 1930-06-16 1933-01-31 Krupp Ag Hard alloys
US2122403A (en) * 1937-06-14 1938-07-05 Fansteel Metallurgical Corp Hard alloy
US2148040A (en) * 1936-07-13 1939-02-21 Schwarzkopf Paul Method of manufacturing composite materials and shaped bodies thereof
US2279003A (en) * 1940-07-24 1942-04-07 Smith Corp A O Hard facing material and method of making the same

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US896705A (en) * 1905-09-12 1908-08-25 Siemens Ag Process for hardening tantalum.
US1077827A (en) * 1911-05-06 1913-11-04 Gen Electric Process of treating tungsten.
US1701299A (en) * 1927-05-27 1929-02-05 Fansteel Prod Co Inc Tantalum-alloy pen
GB316103A (en) * 1928-07-20 1930-10-22 Bayerische Metallwerke Ag Method of manufacturing hydrocarbon-containing metals and alloys
US1895959A (en) * 1930-06-16 1933-01-31 Krupp Ag Hard alloys
US2148040A (en) * 1936-07-13 1939-02-21 Schwarzkopf Paul Method of manufacturing composite materials and shaped bodies thereof
US2122403A (en) * 1937-06-14 1938-07-05 Fansteel Metallurgical Corp Hard alloy
US2279003A (en) * 1940-07-24 1942-04-07 Smith Corp A O Hard facing material and method of making the same

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2636856A (en) * 1948-06-29 1953-04-28 Mallory & Co Inc P R Electrode for electrochemical oxidation
US2838430A (en) * 1953-10-07 1958-06-10 Ford Motor Co Method of producing an anti-galling surface upon a titanium article
US2918367A (en) * 1954-10-27 1959-12-22 Armour Res Found Titanium base alloy
US3405016A (en) * 1956-04-11 1968-10-08 Crucible Steel Co America Heat treatable titanium base alloys and method
US3268372A (en) * 1962-09-12 1966-08-23 Lucas Industries Ltd Surface hardening of titanium
US20080152944A1 (en) * 2006-12-22 2008-06-26 Iap Research, Inc. System and method for surface hardening of refractory metals
WO2008079977A2 (en) * 2006-12-22 2008-07-03 Iap Research, Inc. System and method for surface hardening of refractory metals
WO2008079977A3 (en) * 2006-12-22 2010-12-16 Iap Research, Inc. Method for surface hardening of refractory metals
US9580790B2 (en) 2006-12-22 2017-02-28 Iap Research, Inc. System and method for surface hardening of refractory metals
US10689745B2 (en) 2006-12-22 2020-06-23 Iap Research, Inc. System and method for surface hardening of refractory metals

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