US896705A - Process for hardening tantalum. - Google Patents
Process for hardening tantalum. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US896705A US896705A US27816605A US1905278166A US896705A US 896705 A US896705 A US 896705A US 27816605 A US27816605 A US 27816605A US 1905278166 A US1905278166 A US 1905278166A US 896705 A US896705 A US 896705A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tantalum
- hardening
- carbon
- hardness
- degree
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 23
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 aluminum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005555 metalworking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
Definitions
- A. G. A OORPORA PROCESS FOR HARDENING TANTALUM.
- My invention relates to the treatment of tantalum for various purposes, and is more especially concerned with a process for the hardening of tantalum.
- Tantalum has been found useful for very many purposes, in some of which it should be very hard and resistant, while in other uses it must be comparatively soft and malleable.
- tantalum possesses, in many respects, properties which are similar to those of iron. For example, when iron has added to it a small proportion of carbon, we find that the iron becomes very much harder. In the same way, if one adds to tantalum a very slight proportion of carbon the tantalum also becomes very much harder. Tantalum bodies may be hardened in this way by heating them to lowing in the resence of carbon. I have a so found that s ight traces of silicon and boron have a similar effect upon tantalum. Further, traces of hydrogen and oxygen, which are probably present in the form of hydrids and oxids will produce this hardening effect in the same manner. Many metals, such as aluminum,
- tin and titanium are also applicable for this purpose.
- the process forming the subject matter of the present invention consists then in adding to the tantalum' slight traces of hardening agents, such as those mentioned above. I do not wish to restrict my process to any particular method of performing this mixture or addition.
- the mixture may be made in different proportions, varying from an extremely smal proportion of the added subor more of the same, ac-
- the tantalum becomes very hard and resistant as soon I as a very small fraction of 1% is added. If the proportion is greater than this, the tantalum soon becomes very brittle, so that it can no longer be used for most of its purposes.
- the degree 0 hardness and also the degree of tensile strength of the metal may be altered within very wide bounds. If, for example, the tantalum is to be made into wire, especially into fine, drawn out wire, then the de ree of hardness must be selected which will aIlow the metal to be drawn out in the usual manner without becoming broken or receiving fissures upon its outer surface. Adapting tantalum in this way to the manufacture of drawn out wire need not, however, be the only application given consideration here.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
A. G., A OORPORA PROCESS FOR HARDENING TANTALUM.
Application filed September 12, 1905. Serial No. 278,166.
To all whom 'it may concern:
Be it known that I, WERNER VON BOLTON, a subject of the Em eror of Russia, and residing in Charlotten urg, near Berlin, Germany, have invented a certain new and useful Process for Hardening Tantalum, of which the following is a specification.
My invention relates to the treatment of tantalum for various purposes, and is more especially concerned with a process for the hardening of tantalum.
Tantalum has been found useful for very many purposes, in some of which it should be very hard and resistant, while in other uses it must be comparatively soft and malleable.
The process I'have discovered has 'for its object to give to tantalum the particular degree of hardness required by it in the use to which it is to be put.
I have ascertained that tantalum possesses, in many respects, properties which are similar to those of iron. For example, when iron has added to it a small proportion of carbon, we find that the iron becomes very much harder. In the same way, if one adds to tantalum a very slight proportion of carbon the tantalum also becomes very much harder. Tantalum bodies may be hardened in this way by heating them to lowing in the resence of carbon. I have a so found that s ight traces of silicon and boron have a similar effect upon tantalum. Further, traces of hydrogen and oxygen, which are probably present in the form of hydrids and oxids will produce this hardening effect in the same manner. Many metals, such as aluminum,
tin and titanium are also applicable for this purpose.
stanc'e, up to 1% The process forming the subject matter of the present invention consists then in adding to the tantalum' slight traces of hardening agents, such as those mentioned above. I do not wish to restrict my process to any particular method of performing this mixture or addition. The mixture may be made in different proportions, varying from an extremely smal proportion of the added subor more of the same, ac-
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented. Aug. 25, 1908.
cording to the degree of hardness required. In the case of carbon, for instance, the tanta- WERNER VON BOLTON, OF CHARLOTTENBURG, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO SIEMENS & HALSKE TION OF GERMANY.
lum becomes very hard and resistant as soon I as a very small fraction of 1% is added. If the proportion is greater than this, the tantalum soon becomes very brittle, so that it can no longer be used for most of its purposes.
By changing the uantity of the added material, the degree 0 hardness and also the degree of tensile strength of the metal may be altered within very wide bounds. If, for example, the tantalum is to be made into wire, especially into fine, drawn out wire, then the de ree of hardness must be selected which will aIlow the metal to be drawn out in the usual manner without becoming broken or receiving fissures upon its outer surface. Adapting tantalum in this way to the manufacture of drawn out wire need not, however, be the only application given consideration here. If, on the other hand, it is to be used for the construction of tools for wood working, stone working, metal working or the like, or for the construction of bearings, wheels and the like for machines or clock works, etc., one must give the tantalum a very much higher degree of hardness and the malleability and tensile strength need not be given so much consideration. For this latter purpose, the
ro ortion of the added material would be liig er than it would be for the manufacture of drawn out wires and such uses.
Having thus described my invention, the following is what I claim as new therein and desire to secure by Letters Patent:
1. The herein described process for hardening tantalum, which consists in adding carbon to tantalum.
2. The herein described rocess for hardening tantalum which conslsts in adding to tantalum a small percentage of carbon.
3. The rocess of hardening tantalum, which consists in heating tantalum to glowing in the presence of carbon.
' WERNER VON BOLTON.
Witnesses:
HENRY HASPER, WOLDEMAR HAUPT.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US27816605A US896705A (en) | 1905-09-12 | 1905-09-12 | Process for hardening tantalum. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US27816605A US896705A (en) | 1905-09-12 | 1905-09-12 | Process for hardening tantalum. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US896705A true US896705A (en) | 1908-08-25 |
Family
ID=2965132
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US27816605A Expired - Lifetime US896705A (en) | 1905-09-12 | 1905-09-12 | Process for hardening tantalum. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US896705A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2453896A (en) * | 1942-06-26 | 1948-11-16 | Chicago Dev Co | Treatment of titanium |
| US2832710A (en) * | 1956-03-01 | 1958-04-29 | Heraeus Gmbh W C | Method for carburizing spinning nozzles composed of tantalum and alloys thereof |
| US3113893A (en) * | 1960-10-14 | 1963-12-10 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Incandescent filament |
| US3486979A (en) * | 1966-10-11 | 1969-12-30 | Atomic Energy Commission | Method of preventing plutonium leakage |
| US4447825A (en) * | 1980-02-28 | 1984-05-08 | Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | III-V Group compound semiconductor light-emitting element having a doped tantalum barrier layer |
-
1905
- 1905-09-12 US US27816605A patent/US896705A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2453896A (en) * | 1942-06-26 | 1948-11-16 | Chicago Dev Co | Treatment of titanium |
| US2832710A (en) * | 1956-03-01 | 1958-04-29 | Heraeus Gmbh W C | Method for carburizing spinning nozzles composed of tantalum and alloys thereof |
| US3113893A (en) * | 1960-10-14 | 1963-12-10 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Incandescent filament |
| US3486979A (en) * | 1966-10-11 | 1969-12-30 | Atomic Energy Commission | Method of preventing plutonium leakage |
| US4447825A (en) * | 1980-02-28 | 1984-05-08 | Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | III-V Group compound semiconductor light-emitting element having a doped tantalum barrier layer |
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