Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
  • C10L1/023—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for spark ignition
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G19/00—Refining hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, by alkaline treatment
  • C10G19/02—Refining hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, by alkaline treatment with aqueous alkaline solutions
  • C10G19/06—Refining hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, by alkaline treatment with aqueous alkaline solutions with plumbites or plumbates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/24—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium
  • C10L1/2493—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium compounds of uncertain formula; reactions of organic compounds (hydrocarbons, acids, esters) with sulfur or sulfur containing compounds

Definitions

• the process of combustion in a Diesel engine may be divided into three 45 distinct stages: (a) the delay period, (b) a period of rapid combustion, and (c) a period in which the rate of combustion may be controlled by the fuel pump and nozzle.
• the smoothness of running or knocking obtained in any fuel being so determined by the extent of the delay which it gives in the first stage and consequently a maximum pressure which it develops in the second stage is therefore dependent upon the ignition properties of the fuel.
• Diesel fuels particularly hydrocarbon distillate fuel oils adapted for Diesel type engines
• cetene number of Diesel fuels increased when 0.01 to 1.0% of a mercaptan is added to the oil before 5 the same is treated with sodium plumbite solution and sulfur (doctor solution).
• sodium plumbite solution and sulfur Suflicient sodium plumbite and sulfur, the amount of sulfur being about to 350% in excess of the theoretical amount required, should be used to decom- 1 pose all of the mercaptan.
• the mercaptans used may be either aliphatic, aromatic or aralkyl mercaptans, such as ethyl mercaptan, tertiary butyl mercaptan, isobutyl mercaptan, secondary amyl mercaptan, tertiary amyl mercaptan, benzyl mercaptan, phenyl mercaptan, etc.
• My invention may be illustrated by the following specific example: A liter of a hydrocarbon distillate fuel having a boiling range between 400 and 750 F. to which has been added about 4.13 grams of tertiary butyl mercaptan was treated with sodium plumbite solution and sulfur using a total of about 2.25 grams of sulfur. The amount of mercaptan used was equivalent to about 0.5% by volume of the hydrocarbon distillate and the sulfur used was equivalent to about 300% of the theoretical requirement. When. the reaction was completed the spent sodium plumbite solution was settled out and the oil layer washed several times with water. 30
• the ignition properties or the knocking properties of Diesel fuels may be determined by comparing the knock induced by the fuel in question with a standard fuel.
• the recognized standard fuel is a blend of cetene or cetane and alpha methyl naphthalene. Cetene or cetane used as 8. Diesel fuel have excellent ignition properties and therefore produces little or no knock, whereas alpha methyl naphthalene is a knock inducer.
• the fuels are compared by blending cetene or cetane and alpha methyl naphthalene until a knock corresponding to the knock in the reference fuel is obtained.
• a Diesel fuel of good ignition properties is therefore comparable to a blend containing a large percent of cetene or cetane.
• the fuels are rated in terms of cetene numbers or cetane numbers which are equal to the percent by volume of cetene or cetane in the mixture of cetene or cetane and alpha methyl naphthalene which is equivalent in Diesel knock rating of the fuel under test. It follows, therefore, that a Diesel fuel having a high cetene number or cetane number has good ignition characteristics and is therefore a desirable Diesel fuel.
• Diesel fuels treated in the manner herein described may be used as such or the treated Diesel fuel may be blended with an untreated stock to improve the ignition characteristics of the lat ter.
• the proportions in which the Diesel fuels are blended depends upon the relative ignition characteristics of the treated and untreated stocks and the desired cetene number.
• the method of improving the ignition characteristics of a petroleum Diesel fuel oil comprising treating a fuel oil distillate with amixture of sodium plumbite solution and s'ulfur in the presence of an added alkyl mercaptan; said sulfur being used in quantities ranging from about 50% to about 350% in excess of the theoretical amount required to sweeten said distillate.
• the amount of sulfur required to sweeten the mixture being about 300% of the theoretical amount of sulfur required to decompose-all ofthe mercaptans to disulfides.
• a method of improving the ignition characteristics of petroleum Diesel fuels comprising adding a mercaptan to a petroleum oil fraction boiling above the gasoline range and subsequently treating the mixture of oil and mercaptan with a mixture of sodium plumbite solution and sulfur, the amount of sulfur used in said mixture being about 50% to about 350% more than the theoretical amount required to decompose all of the mercaptans present to disulfides.
• the method of improving the ignition characteristics of a petroleum fuel oil distillate adapted for the operation of Diesel type engines comprising adding tertiary butyl mercaptan to said distillate and subsequently treating the mixture of fuel oil and tertiary mercaptan with a mixture of sodium plumbite solution and from 50% to 350% more sulfur than the theoretical amount required to sweeten said distillate.
• the method of improving the ignition characteristics of a hydrocarbon distillate fuel oil adapted for the operation of Diesel type engines comprising adding tertiary butyl mercaptan to said distillate and subsequently treating the mixa ture of oil and tertiary mercaptan with a mixture of sodium plumbite solution and about 300% more sulfur than the theoretical amount required to sweeten said distillate, separating the spent sodium plumbite solution from the treated oil and washing said treated oil with water.
• adapted for the operation of direct injection in internal combustion engines which comprises adding 0.5% by volume of tertiary butyl mercaptan to said distillate fuel oil, treating said mixture with sodium plumbite solution containing about 300% of the theoretical amount of sulfur required to decompose all of the mercaptan, separating the spent sodium plumbite solution from the treated oil and subsequently washing said treated fuel with water.
• a Diesel fuel obtained by treating a petroleum distillate fuel oil having'a boiling range of between 400 and 750 F. with a mixture of sodium plumbite and sulfur in the presence of added mercaptan. the amount of sulfur used being from about 50% to about 350% in excess of the theoretical amount required to sweeten said distillate.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Priority Applications (3)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=22370463

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Cited By (2)

Families Citing this family (5)

• 1936
  • 1936-12-21 US US116995A patent/US2230817A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1937
  • 1937-11-03 GB GB30142/37A patent/GB504837A/en not_active Expired
  • 1937-12-18 DE DE1937ST056930 patent/DE703030C/de not_active Expired

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