NL2031739B1 - Fuel additive - Google Patents
Fuel additive Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NL2031739B1 NL2031739B1 NL2031739A NL2031739A NL2031739B1 NL 2031739 B1 NL2031739 B1 NL 2031739B1 NL 2031739 A NL2031739 A NL 2031739A NL 2031739 A NL2031739 A NL 2031739A NL 2031739 B1 NL2031739 B1 NL 2031739B1
- Authority
- NL
- Netherlands
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- mmt
- additive
- fuel additive
- ferrocene
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002816 fuel additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- ANHQLUBMNSSPBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4h-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazin-3-one Chemical compound C1=CN=C2NC(=O)COC2=C1 ANHQLUBMNSSPBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MRMOZBOQVYRSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethyllead Chemical compound CC[Pb](CC)(CC)CC MRMOZBOQVYRSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007655 standard test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/10—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the octane number
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
- C10L1/1608—Well defined compounds, e.g. hexane, benzene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
- C10L1/1852—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Orthoesters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/30—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)
- C10L1/305—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) organo-metallic compounds (containing a metal to carbon bond)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
- C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
- C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
- C10L2200/0415—Light distillates, e.g. LPG, naphtha
- C10L2200/0423—Gasoline
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
- C10L2270/02—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines
- C10L2270/023—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines for gasoline engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2300/00—Mixture of two or more additives covered by the same group of C10L1/00 - C10L1/308
- C10L2300/20—Mixture of two components
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a fuel additive consisting essentially of a mixture of (a) 37-38 % v/v MMT (b) 13-12 % v/v MTBE (c) 24-26 % v/v ferrocene, and (d) 24-26 % v/v toluene. It also relates to a fuel composition comprising the fuel additive.
Description
P35430NLO0/MKO
Title: FUEL ADDITIVE
The present invention concerns a fuel additive with for improving the octane quality of a fuel composition. It also concerns the fuel composition.
Fuel additives, for fuel composition suitable for combustion in an (automotive) engine, are known. Fuels, particularly gasoline fuels have undergone many changes over the years in order to improve engine performance and reduce engine emissions. Many octane improving compounds used for improving engine performance and extending fuel supplies, such as tetraethyl lead, aromatic compounds, methycyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (“MMT”), methyl tertiary butyl ether ("MTBE") and other such additives, have shown excellent performance.
The octane requirement increase effect exhibited by internal combustion engines, e.g., spark ignition engines, is well known in the art. If the engine is operated with a gasoline fuel, which has a lower octane number than the minimum requirement for the engine, "knocking" can occur. Knocking occurs when a gasoline fuel spontaneously and prematurely ignites or detonates in the engine prior to spark plug initiated ignition. This effect is coincidental with the formation of deposits in the region of the combustion chamber of the engine.
Several additives when added to hydrocarbon fuels can prevent or reduce deposit formation, or remove or modify formed deposits, in the combustion chamber and on adjacent surfaces such as intake valves, ports, and spark plugs, which in turn causes a decrease in octane requirement. For example, MMT is known to be an effective antiknock additive (See U.S. Pat.
Nos. 2,818,417; 2,839,552; and 3,127,351).
ASTM D2699 is the standard test method for Research Octane Number (“RON”) of spark- ignition engine fuels. This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel in terms of RON., including fuels that contain up to 25 % v/v of ethanol. The sample fuel is tested using a standardized single cylinder, four- stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The O.N. scale is defined by the volumetric composition of PRF blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more PRF blends. The O.N. of the PRF blend that matches the K.I. of the sample fuel establishes the
Research O.N.
Typical commercial fuels produced for spark-ignition engines rate in the 88 to 101 RON range.
WRT BV in The Netherlands has developed a range of additives that enhance fuels by improving their quality, performance, safety or handling. For instance, a gasoline with a RON of 89.6 may be improved to 91.6 with addition of 150 ppm of an additive composed of 50% by volume ferrocene and 50% by volume toluene. The same fuel maybe improved to 92.4 with 150 ppm of MMT.
The need remains, however, to provide additives that provide an improved Research O.N. and do so cost effectively.
The present invention provides a fuel additive consisting essentially of a mixture of (a) 37-38 % v/v methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT); (b) 13-12 % v/v methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE); (c) 24-26 % v/v ferrocene, and (d) 24-26 % v/v toluene, adding up to 100%.
Also provided is a fuel composition comprising the fuel additive.
Fuel additive compositions and their uses are known. Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) and bis(n5-cyclopentadienyl}iron (ferrocene) are known.
Surprisingly a synergistic blend has been found, using the 4 components that performs as good, and at a lower cost, then an additive based on ferrocene/toluene or an additive based on MMT. It even performs better than a blend of ferrocene/toluene and MMT.
The fuel additive of the present invention consists essentially of the 4 components (a)-(d), adding up to 100%. The range where the synergistic effect has been found is narrow. The amount by volume of MMT vs MTBE is preferably about 3:1. In other words, the fuel additive preferably comprises an amount of MMT that is 37.5 % v/v and an amount of MTBE that is 12.5 % v/v. The amount by volume of ferrocene vs toluene is preferably about 1:1. In other words, the fuel additive preferably comprises an amount of ferrocene that is 25 % v/v and an amount of toluene that is 25 % v/v. The expression “about” includes minor deviations up to 0.5 % v/v, preferably up to 0.2 % viv.
The fuel additive of the present invention may be added to a base fuel, preferably a fuel for spark-ignition engines, more preferably a gasoline base fuel. Conventional amounts may be used, depending on the base fuel. For instance, the fuel composition may comprise from 20 to 1000 ppm preferably 100 to 500 ppm of the fuel additive relative to the fuel composition.
If the research octane number of a fuel composition needs to be enhanced, then the use of the fuel additive of the present invention may help. The current invention therefore also discloses a method for enhancing the research octane number of a fuel composition by adding the fuel additive of the present invention to a base fuel
For the following examples a “West African Fuel” (WAF) grade gasoline was used in a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions set out in ASTM D 2699: 91.6.
The RON of the base fuel is set out in the below Table. In comparative experiment 1, 150 ppm of an additive consisting of MMT was added to the base fuel. This significantly raised the
RON, but at a premium cost. MMT is very expensive. In comparative experiment 2, 150 ppm of a blend consisting of a 50 MMT + 5 ferrocene + 45 toluene (in v/v%) was added to the base fuel. This too significantly raised the RON, but again at a high price. Changing the ratio of these additives did not show improved performance.
In comparative experiment 3, an amount of MMT is replaced with MTBE. Although this blend still shows an improvement vs the base oil, it appears that the replacement of the MMT with
MTBE has resulted in a lesser improvement. This would suggest that the replacement of
MMT with MTBE does not help. Surprisingly, when replacing about a quart of the MMT with
MTBE, in other words, even more MMT, the same high performance as in Comparative experiment 2 is achieved, but at a lower price. This is experiment 4 in the below Table.
Table 1 (relative amounts in % v/v)
Exp. | Additive (150 ppm on base fuel) IRON
None | 89.6
C1 MMT | 92.4 50 MMT + 5 ferrocene + 45 toluene ee 40 MMT + 10 MTBE + 25 ferrocene + 25 toluene 37.5 MMT + 12.5 MTBE + 25 ferrocene + 25 toluene
The above results illustrate the surprising synergistic effect, at a reduced cost.
Clauses 1. Fuel additive consisting essentially of a mixture of (a) 37-38 % v/v MMT; (b) 13-12 % v/v MTBE; (0) 24-26 % v/v ferrocene, and (d) 24-26 % v/v toluene, adding up to 100%. 2. The fuel additive of claim 1, wherein the amount of MMT is 37.5 % v/v and the amount of MTBE is 12.5 % v/v. 3. The fuel additive of claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount of ferrocene is 25 % v/v and the amount of toluene is 25 % v/v. 4 Fuel composition comprising a fuel additive as defined in anyone of claims 1 to 3 and a base fuel. 5. The fuel composition of claim 4, wherein the base fuel is a gasoline base fuel. 6. The fuel composition of claim 4 or 5, comprising from 100-500 ppm of the fuel additive relative to the fuel composition. 7. Use of the fuel additive of any one of claims 1-3, for enhancing the research octane number of a fuel composition.
8. Method for enhancing the research octane number of a fuel composition by adding the fuel additive of any one of claims 1-3 to a base fuel.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL2031739A NL2031739B1 (en) | 2022-04-29 | 2022-04-29 | Fuel additive |
| PCT/EP2023/060974 WO2023209016A1 (en) | 2022-04-29 | 2023-04-26 | Fuel additive |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL2031739A NL2031739B1 (en) | 2022-04-29 | 2022-04-29 | Fuel additive |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NL2031739B1 true NL2031739B1 (en) | 2023-11-13 |
Family
ID=81851331
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL2031739A NL2031739B1 (en) | 2022-04-29 | 2022-04-29 | Fuel additive |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| NL (1) | NL2031739B1 (en) |
Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2818417A (en) | 1955-07-11 | 1957-12-31 | Ethyl Corp | Cyclomatic compounds |
| US2839552A (en) | 1955-08-08 | 1958-06-17 | Ethyl Corp | Cyclomatic manganese compounds |
| US3127351A (en) | 1964-03-31 | Xxvii | ||
| CN100487088C (en) * | 2006-07-03 | 2009-05-13 | 林楼飞 | Clean gasoline and prepartion method |
| CN101787310A (en) * | 2010-03-18 | 2010-07-28 | 刘超 | Production method of unleaded gasoline for vehicle |
| CN102796574A (en) * | 2012-08-25 | 2012-11-28 | 张伯义 | Methanol gasoline |
| CN102899103A (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2013-01-30 | 青岛市乾阳石油科技有限公司 | Compound gasoline antiknock |
| CN105779030A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2016-07-20 | 刘明波 | Clean and environment-friendly gasoline |
| CN108315066A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-07-24 | 河南世源新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of synthetic fuel and preparation method thereof |
| CN109517633A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2019-03-26 | 张欣 | A kind of environmental protection automatically cleaning gasoline |
| CN109628175A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-04-16 | 李魏 | A kind of fuel oil additive improving anti-knock properties and energy-saving and emission-reduction |
-
2022
- 2022-04-29 NL NL2031739A patent/NL2031739B1/en active
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3127351A (en) | 1964-03-31 | Xxvii | ||
| US2818417A (en) | 1955-07-11 | 1957-12-31 | Ethyl Corp | Cyclomatic compounds |
| US2839552A (en) | 1955-08-08 | 1958-06-17 | Ethyl Corp | Cyclomatic manganese compounds |
| CN100487088C (en) * | 2006-07-03 | 2009-05-13 | 林楼飞 | Clean gasoline and prepartion method |
| CN101787310A (en) * | 2010-03-18 | 2010-07-28 | 刘超 | Production method of unleaded gasoline for vehicle |
| CN102796574A (en) * | 2012-08-25 | 2012-11-28 | 张伯义 | Methanol gasoline |
| CN102899103A (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2013-01-30 | 青岛市乾阳石油科技有限公司 | Compound gasoline antiknock |
| CN105779030A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2016-07-20 | 刘明波 | Clean and environment-friendly gasoline |
| CN109517633A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2019-03-26 | 张欣 | A kind of environmental protection automatically cleaning gasoline |
| CN108315066A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-07-24 | 河南世源新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of synthetic fuel and preparation method thereof |
| CN109628175A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-04-16 | 李魏 | A kind of fuel oil additive improving anti-knock properties and energy-saving and emission-reduction |
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