US2108019A - Method of producing colored smoke - Google Patents

Method of producing colored smoke Download PDF

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Publication number
US2108019A
US2108019A US106261A US10626136A US2108019A US 2108019 A US2108019 A US 2108019A US 106261 A US106261 A US 106261A US 10626136 A US10626136 A US 10626136A US 2108019 A US2108019 A US 2108019A
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United States
Prior art keywords
smoke
producing colored
colored smoke
producing
acid
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Expired - Lifetime
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US106261A
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Neukirch Eberhard
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IG Farbenindustrie AG
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IG Farbenindustrie AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/46—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances
    • F42B12/50—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances by dispersion
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
    • C06D3/00—Generation of smoke or mist (chemical part)

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method; of and means for the production of colored smoke and more particularly to smoke-producing charges for bombs, projectiles, and the like.
  • the eiiect oi the smoke thus produced can be intensified bythe' use of an additional substance, such as lime. which generates smoke in conjunction with chlorosulphonic acid.
  • the yellow or brown coloration of the smoke is due to the .iormation or chrcmyl chloride, which, although h'aving a boiling point 01' 117' 0., is.
  • the chromyl chloride can also be'gcnerated, in known manner, by allowing fuming sulphuric acid to 30 act upon mixtures of calcium dichromate and common salt.
  • the best results arepbtained by using equal parts byweight oi ammonium dichromate and chlorosulphonic acid, the fammonium dlchromate being'preierably employed m'ms mm of fine powder, thereby ensuring a.
  • i denotes the cement shell having a cap 2, enclosing a chamber 3 housing a small glass tube 4 containing chlorosulphonic acid, and surrounded with the chromium com--- I pound 5, which maycontain lime in admixture. 5 6 is a tail piece attached .to said shell and'provided with flnsl. The impact of the bomb on the target smashes the glass tube, thereby bringing the chlorosulphonic acid into reaction with the surrounding chromium compound.
  • the 1 relative proportions of the chlorosulphonic acid and of the surrounding chromium compound may be so adjusted that a yello to dark brown cloud of smoke, lasting for 5 to 0 seconds, is produced. is
  • a method of producing colored smoke which comprises causing a chromate compound to react with chlorosulphonie acid.
  • a method of producing colored smoke which comprises causing ammonium dichromate to react with chlorosulphonic acid.
  • a method 01' producing colored smoke which comprises causing potassium chromate to react with chlorosulphonic acid in the presence of caustic lime.
  • a smoke-producing charge for practice bombs comprising a-breakable' tube containing chlorosulphonic acid, and a chrcmate compound adjacent said tube.
  • a smoke-producing charge for practice bombs comprising a breakable tube containing ota-chloride compound.
  • a method oi producing colored smoke which "comprises causing calciumdichromateto react with fuming sulphuric acid in the presence of. common salt.
  • a smoke-producing charge for practice bombs comprising a breakable tubecontaining iumingsulphuricacidandamixtureotachrm. mate compound and a chloride compound adso .iacent said tube.
  • a smoke-producing charge for practice bombs comprising a breakable tube containing fuming sulphuric acid, and a mixture oi calcium dichromate and common salt adjacent said as tube.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)

Description

Feb. 8, 1938. E NEUKIRCH 2,108,019
METHOD OF PRODUCING COLORED SMOKE Filed 001;. 1'7. 1936 [Eberhard Neuka'rch lnvenfor By His Afforneys AW Ma-$194 Patented. Feb. A 8, 1938 v UNITED STATES METHOD OF PRODUCING COLORED SMOKE Eberhard Neukirch, Bitterield, Germany, "an... to I. G. Farbenindustrie Aktiengesellschait, Frankiort-on-the-Main, Germany Application October 11, 19 36, sci-m No. 106,261 In Germany November 6, 1935 10 Claims.
This invention relates to a method; of and means for the production of colored smoke and more particularly to smoke-producing charges for bombs, projectiles, and the like.
For the purpose of indicating hits during bombingpractice, it has hitherto been customary to charge the bombs with fuming sulphuric acid. Such a fillin however, merely furnishes white smoke which, especially in winter, contrasts only slightly with the landscape. Moreover, fog has been produced by allowing chlorosulphonic acid to act on lime, thereby generating a dense white mist.
It has now been ascertained, in accordance II with the present invention, that a yellow to brown smoke is obtainable by the action of chlorosulphonic acidon chromium compounds containing chromium in the hexavalent i'orm.
The eiiect oi the smoke thus produced can be intensified bythe' use of an additional substance, such as lime. which generates smoke in conjunction with chlorosulphonic acid. The yellow or brown coloration of the smoke is due to the .iormation or chrcmyl chloride, which, although h'aving a boiling point 01' 117' 0., is.
owing to the considerable heat generated by the reaction between the compounds, of the mixture, volatiiized when the smoke is evolved. The chromyl chloride can also be'gcnerated, in known manner, by allowing fuming sulphuric acid to 30 act upon mixtures of calcium dichromate and common salt. The best resultsarepbtained by using equal parts byweight oi ammonium dichromate and chlorosulphonic acid, the fammonium dlchromate being'preierably employed m'ms mm of fine powder, thereby ensuring a.
55 smokecharge in accordance with tion, is illustrated diagrammaticallycomp nring drawing, which represen tudinai section oi such a bomb.
In said drawing, i denotes the cement shell having a cap 2, enclosing a chamber 3 housing a small glass tube 4 containing chlorosulphonic acid, and surrounded with the chromium com--- I pound 5, which maycontain lime in admixture. 5 6 is a tail piece attached .to said shell and'provided with flnsl. The impact of the bomb on the target smashes the glass tube, thereby bringing the chlorosulphonic acid into reaction with the surrounding chromium compound. The 1 relative proportions of the chlorosulphonic acid and of the surrounding chromium compound may be so adjusted that a yello to dark brown cloud of smoke, lasting for 5 to 0 seconds, is produced. is
I claim: a
1. A method of producing colored smoke which comprises causing a chromate compound to react with chlorosulphonie acid.
2. A method of producing colored smoke which comprises causing ammonium dichromate to react with chlorosulphonic acid.
3. A method 01' producing colored smoke which comprises causing potassium chromate to react with chlorosulphonic acid in the presence of caustic lime.
4. A smoke-producing charge for practice bombs, comprising a-breakable' tube containing chlorosulphonic acid, and a chrcmate compound adjacent said tube. I
5. A smoke-producing charge for practice bombs, comprising a breakable tube containing ota-chloride compound.
8. A method oi producing colored smoke which "comprises causing calciumdichromateto react with fuming sulphuric acid in the presence of. common salt.
9. A smoke-producing charge for practice bombs, comprising a breakable tubecontaining iumingsulphuricacidandamixtureotachrm. mate compound and a chloride compound adso .iacent said tube.
. 10. A smoke-producing charge for practice bombs; comprising a breakable tube containing fuming sulphuric acid, and a mixture oi calcium dichromate and common salt adjacent said as tube.
US106261A 1935-11-06 1936-10-17 Method of producing colored smoke Expired - Lifetime US2108019A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2108019X 1935-11-06

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2456289A (en) * 1940-10-07 1948-12-14 Lindman Emrik Ivar Safety device for air bombs
US2469421A (en) * 1944-04-15 1949-05-10 Richard L Tuve Heat-action explosive pyrotechnic marker
US2737114A (en) * 1944-11-06 1956-03-06 Emanuel B Hershberg Incendiary device
US2841481A (en) * 1954-03-11 1958-07-01 Brock S Crystal Palace Firewor Pyrotechnic masses

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2456289A (en) * 1940-10-07 1948-12-14 Lindman Emrik Ivar Safety device for air bombs
US2469421A (en) * 1944-04-15 1949-05-10 Richard L Tuve Heat-action explosive pyrotechnic marker
US2737114A (en) * 1944-11-06 1956-03-06 Emanuel B Hershberg Incendiary device
US2841481A (en) * 1954-03-11 1958-07-01 Brock S Crystal Palace Firewor Pyrotechnic masses

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR811226A (en) 1937-04-09

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