EP0329718B1 - Pyrotechnical mixture for producing a smoke screen - Google Patents

Pyrotechnical mixture for producing a smoke screen Download PDF

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EP0329718B1
EP0329718B1 EP88904505A EP88904505A EP0329718B1 EP 0329718 B1 EP0329718 B1 EP 0329718B1 EP 88904505 A EP88904505 A EP 88904505A EP 88904505 A EP88904505 A EP 88904505A EP 0329718 B1 EP0329718 B1 EP 0329718B1
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Prior art keywords
carbonate
potassium
composition
mixture
fog
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0329718A1 (en
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Uwe Krone
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Nico Pyrotechnik Hanns Juergen Diederichs GmbH and Co KG
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Nico Pyrotechnik Hanns Juergen Diederichs GmbH and Co KG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
    • C06B33/12—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide the material being two or more oxygen-yielding compounds
    • C06B33/14—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide the material being two or more oxygen-yielding compounds at least one being an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
    • C06B33/04—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide the material being an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
    • C06D3/00—Generation of smoke or mist (chemical part)

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pyrotechnic mixture for producing a camouflage mist.
  • Hygroscopic compounds such as metal chlorides (ZnCl2, FeCl3, AlCl3, TiCl4, SiCl4) or phosphorus oxides P2O3, P2O5) are generated and evaporated, which then hydrolyze with the air and form suitable clouds of fog.
  • ZnCl2, FeCl3, AlCl3, TiCl4, SiCl4 or phosphorus oxides P2O3, P2O5 are generated and evaporated, which then hydrolyze with the air and form suitable clouds of fog.
  • mist formed especially from so-called HC mist sets containing hexachloroethane, but also from phosphor mist sets, is extremely acidic due to hydrolysis in humid air, since hydrochloric acid (HG mist) and phosphoric acids are formed, and therefore toxic and plant-intolerant.
  • the heavy metal zinc is introduced into the environment in the most commonly used fog mixture based on hexachloroethane (HC) and zinc or zinc oxide.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to produce a camouflage mist which is particularly suitable for training purposes and which consists of a non-toxic aerosol, which therefore cannot have a toxic effect on humans and animals, and on the other hand is environmentally compatible.
  • the mist mainly consists of macronutrients suitable for plants.
  • a non-toxic mist of sufficient optical density is formed by the invention.
  • the fog is formed in the following way:
  • the components magnesium powder, potassium nitrate and potassium perchlorate already produce fog-like clouds when converted in the range of 2500 °.
  • the fog density is particularly characterized by the proportion of potassium chloride and / or sodium chloride, whose sublimation point at 1500 or boiling point at 1450 ° C are far below the reaction temperature of the reaction of magnesium and potassium nitrate.
  • the reaction products of the chemical conversion from magnesium with potassium nitrate, potassium perchlorate, calcium carbonate etc. form a useful training fog with the subliming potassium chloride or the evaporating sodium chloride without toxic or environmentally incompatible ingredients.
  • the energy (E) released in the three basic conversions mentioned is used for sublimation / evaporation of potassium chloride and sodium chloride.
  • nitrogen-releasing substances such as azodicarbonamide, oxamide or dicyandiamide are added to the mixture. This results in a continuous gas flow for better transport of the aerosol particles and a higher aerosol yield, since the permanently formed gases prevent the slag from flowing together and promote sublimation and evaporation by increasing the surface area.
  • a pure white aerosol which mainly consists of the components potassium chloride, magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, sodium chloride and potassium carbonate. These components are environmentally friendly and non-toxic and apart from NaCl macronutrients for plants.
  • the pH of the generated fog is highest at the point of origin (9).
  • chemical reactions of the primary oxides K2O and CaO (equations 1, 3) with components of the air, especially H2O and CO2 to form KHCO3, K2CO3, Ca (OH) 2 and CaCO3 and by dilution it quickly decreases and reaches the pH of the ambient air ( ⁇ 6) at a distance of 5-10 m from the fog source.
  • a pyrotechnic mixture with the same components as the mixture for producing the camouflage mist can be used as the ignition mixture, but in which the content of magnesium and oxidizing agent is increased to increase the sensitivity to ignition and transmission reliability.
  • the primer can e.g. consist of the following proportions: 25% Mg, 35% KNO3, 10% KClO4, 20% CaCO3, 10% KCl.
  • mist set and the primer are pressed into sleeves in a manner known per se and reacted with conventional igniters.
  • the drawing shows an embodiment of a mist body with the new mixture.
  • a sleeve 1 with bottom 3 there is the compressed mixture 4, which carries the ignition mixture 5 pressed on with it as a conclusion.
  • the embodiment of the drawing has a recess 6 for the use of an igniter known per se.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Bakery Products And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
  • Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention produces a smoke screen particularly suited for exercise purposes consisting of a non-toxic aerosol which has no toxic effects on humans and animals and is non-polluting. This is achieved by a so-called pyrotechnical composition with the following constituents: a light metal powder, preferably magnesium powder (Mg) as a metallic reducing agent, potassium nitrate (KNO3) or a mixture of potassium nitrate (KNO3) and potassium perchlorate (KClO4) as the principal oxidizing agent, at least one carbonate, e.g. calcium carbonate (CaCO3), potassium hydrogen carbonate (KHCO3), sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3), potassium carbonate (K2CO3), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and nitrogen separating substances as combustion moderators as well as at least one sublimate or vaporizable fog-forming non-toxic additive.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine pyrotechnische Mischung zur Erzeugung eines Tarnnebels.The invention relates to a pyrotechnic mixture for producing a camouflage mist.

Derartige Mischungen sind an sich bekannt. Dabei werden hygroskopische Verbindungen, wie Metallchloride (ZnCl₂, FeCl₃, AlCl₃, TiCl₄, SiCl₄) oder Phosphoroxide P₂O₃, P₂O₅) erzeugt und verdampft, die dann mit der Luft hydrolysieren und zum Tarnen geeignete Nebelwolken bilden. Über den Mechanismus dieser Nebelbildung siehe: H. Ellern, Military and Civilian Pyrotechnics, Chem. Publ. Comp. Inc. N.Y. 1968, S. 147-151, John A. Conkling, Chemistry of Pyrotechnics, Marcel Dekker Inc., N.Y. 1985, S. 174, 175.Mixtures of this type are known per se. Hygroscopic compounds such as metal chlorides (ZnCl₂, FeCl₃, AlCl₃, TiCl₄, SiCl₄) or phosphorus oxides P₂O₃, P₂O₅) are generated and evaporated, which then hydrolyze with the air and form suitable clouds of fog. For the mechanism of this fog formation see: H. Ellern, Military and Civilian Pyrotechnics, Chem. Publ. Comp. Inc. N.Y. 1968, pp. 147-151, John A. Conkling, Chemistry of Pyrotechnics, Marcel Dekker Inc., N.Y. 1985, pp. 174, 175.

Der gebildete Nebel, besonders aus hexachlorethanhaltigen, sogenannten HC-Nebelsätzen, aber auch aus Phosphornebelsätzen ist aufgrund der Hydrolyse an feuchter Luft stark sauer, da vor allem Salzsäure (HG-Nebel) und Phosphorsäuren gebildet werden, und deswegen toxisch und pflanzenunverträglich.The mist formed, especially from so-called HC mist sets containing hexachloroethane, but also from phosphor mist sets, is extremely acidic due to hydrolysis in humid air, since hydrochloric acid (HG mist) and phosphoric acids are formed, and therefore toxic and plant-intolerant.

Darüber hinaus wird bei der am häufigsten verwendeten Nebelmischung auf der Basis von Hexachlorethan (HC) und Zink oder Zinkoxid das Schwermetall Zink in die Umwelt eingetragen.In addition, the heavy metal zinc is introduced into the environment in the most commonly used fog mixture based on hexachloroethane (HC) and zinc or zinc oxide.

Es hat nicht an Versuchen gefehlt, diese Nachteile zu beseitigen. So sind die pyrotechnischen Nebelsätze der Patentschriften DE-PS 2743363 und DE-AS 2819850 so aufgebaut, daß die Säurewirkung der erzeugten Nebel durch entsprechende chemische Komplexbildung oder Neutralisierung des gebildeten ZnCl₂ oder der Phosphorsäuren teilweise oder ganz aufgehoben wird. Es blieb jedoch weiterhin bei der Erzeugung toxischer, umweltunverträglicher Stoffe.There has been no shortage of attempts to overcome these drawbacks. Thus, the pyrotechnic fog sentences of the patents DE-PS 2743363 and DE-AS 2819850 are constructed so that the acidic effect of the mist produced is partially or completely eliminated by appropriate chemical complex formation or neutralization of the ZnCl₂ or phosphoric acids formed. However, the production of toxic, environmentally incompatible substances continued.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, einen besonders für Übungszwecke geeigneten Tarnnebel herzustellen, der aus einem ungiftigen Aerosol besteht, das also weder toxische Wirkung auf Menschen und Tiere ausüben kann, und andererseits umweltverträglich ist. Bei Nichtverwenden des wahlweise genannten NaCl besteht der Nebel hauptsächlich aus für Pflanzen geeigneten Makronährstoffen.The object of the invention is therefore to produce a camouflage mist which is particularly suitable for training purposes and which consists of a non-toxic aerosol, which therefore cannot have a toxic effect on humans and animals, and on the other hand is environmentally compatible. When the optional NaCl is not used, the mist mainly consists of macronutrients suitable for plants.

Die zur Lösung der gestellten Aufgabe notwendigen wesentlichen Merkmale der Erfindung sind im Patentanspruch 1 genannt. Die Unteransprüche nennen Ausführungsarten der Erfindung.The essential features of the invention necessary to achieve the object are mentioned in claim 1. The subclaims list embodiments of the invention.

Durch die Erfindung wird ein ungiftiger Nebel ausreichender optischer Dichte gebildet.A non-toxic mist of sufficient optical density is formed by the invention.

Die Nebelbildung erfolgt auf folgende Weise: Die Komponenten Magnesiumpulver, Kaliumnitrat und Kaliumperchlorat ergeben bei einer Umsetzung im Bereich von 2500° bereits nebelartige Wolken. Die Nebeldichte wird besonders durch den Anteil von Kaliumchlorid und/oder Natriumchlorid, deren Sublimationspunkt bei 1500 bzw. Kochpunkt bei 1450°C weit unterhalb der Reaktionstemperatur der Umsetzung von Magnesium und Kaliumnitrat liegen, verbessert. Die Reaktionsprodukte der chemischen Umsetzung aus Magnesium mit Kaliumnitrat, Kaliumperchlorat, Calciumcarbonat etc. bilden dadurch mit dem sublimierenden Kaliumchlorid oder dem verdampfenden Natriumchlorid einen brauchbaren Übungsnebel ohne toxische oder umweltunverträgliche Inhaltsstoffe.The fog is formed in the following way: The components magnesium powder, potassium nitrate and potassium perchlorate already produce fog-like clouds when converted in the range of 2500 °. The fog density is particularly characterized by the proportion of potassium chloride and / or sodium chloride, whose sublimation point at 1500 or boiling point at 1450 ° C are far below the reaction temperature of the reaction of magnesium and potassium nitrate. The reaction products of the chemical conversion from magnesium with potassium nitrate, potassium perchlorate, calcium carbonate etc. form a useful training fog with the subliming potassium chloride or the evaporating sodium chloride without toxic or environmentally incompatible ingredients.

Die chemischen Reaktionen im Nebelsatz können vereinfacht in nachstehenden drei Gleichungen wiedergegeben werden:

  • 1. 2 KNO₃ + 5 Mg  →  5 MgO + K₂O + N₂ + E
  • 2. KClO₄ + 4 Mg  →  4 MgO + KCl + E
  • 3. CaCO₃ + 2 Mg  →  CaO + 2 MgO + C + E
The chemical reactions in the Mist Theorem can be simplified in the following three equations:
  • 1. 2 KNO₃ + 5 Mg → 5 MgO + K₂O + N₂ + E
  • 2. KClO₄ + 4 Mg → 4 MgO + KCl + E
  • 3. CaCO₃ + 2 Mg → CaO + 2 MgO + C + E

Die bei den drei genannten Grundumsetzungen freiwerdende Energie (E) dient zur Sublimation/Verdampfung von Kaliumchlorid und Natriumchlorid.The energy (E) released in the three basic conversions mentioned is used for sublimation / evaporation of potassium chloride and sodium chloride.

Zur Verbesserung der Abbrandsteuerung werden der Mischung insbesondere Stickstoff abspaltende Substanzen, wie Azodicarbonamid, Oxamid oder Dicyandiamid beigemischt. Dadurch wird ein kontinuierlicher Gasstrom zum besseren Transport der Aerosolpartikel und eine höhere Aerosolausbeute erzielt, da die permanent gebildeten Gase ein Zusammenfließen der Schlacke verhindern und durch Oberflächenvergrößerung die Sublimation und Verdampfung fördern.In order to improve the combustion control, in particular nitrogen-releasing substances such as azodicarbonamide, oxamide or dicyandiamide are added to the mixture. This results in a continuous gas flow for better transport of the aerosol particles and a higher aerosol yield, since the permanently formed gases prevent the slag from flowing together and promote sublimation and evaporation by increasing the surface area.

Beim Abbrand der Mischung entsteht ein rein weißes Aerosol, welches hauptsächlich aus den Komponenten Kaliumchlorid, Magnesiumoxyd, Calciumhydroxyd, Calciumcarbonat, Natriumchlorid und Kaliumcarbonat besteht. Diese Komponenten sind umweltverträglich und ungiftig und bis auf NaCl Makronährstoffe für Pflanzen.When the mixture burns off, a pure white aerosol is formed, which mainly consists of the components potassium chloride, magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, sodium chloride and potassium carbonate. These components are environmentally friendly and non-toxic and apart from NaCl macronutrients for plants.

Der pH-Wert des erzeugten Nebels ist an der Entstehungsstelle am höchten (9). Durch chemische Umsetzungen der primär erzeugten Oxide K₂O und CaO (Gleichungen 1, 3) mit Bestandteilen der Luft, vor allem H₂O und CO₂ unter Bildung von KHCO₃, K₂CO₃, Ca(OH)₂ und CaCO₃ und durch Verdünnung, nimmt er schnell ab und erreicht im Abstand von 5-10 m von der Nebelquelle den pH-Wert der Umgebungsluft ( ≈  6).The pH of the generated fog is highest at the point of origin (9). By chemical reactions of the primary oxides K₂O and CaO (equations 1, 3) with components of the air, especially H₂O and CO₂ to form KHCO₃, K₂CO₃, Ca (OH) ₂ and CaCO₃ and by dilution, it quickly decreases and reaches the pH of the ambient air (≈ 6) at a distance of 5-10 m from the fog source.

Als Anzündmischung kann ein pyrotechnischer Satz mit den gleichen Komponenten wie die Mischung zur Erzeugung des Tarnnebels verwendet werden, bei dem jedoch der Gehalt an Magnesium und an Oxydationsmittel zur Steigerung der Anzündempfindlichkeit und Übertragungssicherheit erhöht ist. Der Anzündsatz kann z.B. aus folgenden Anteilen bestehen: 25% Mg, 35% KNO₃, 10% KClO₄, 20% CaCO₃, 10% KCl.A pyrotechnic mixture with the same components as the mixture for producing the camouflage mist can be used as the ignition mixture, but in which the content of magnesium and oxidizing agent is increased to increase the sensitivity to ignition and transmission reliability. The primer can e.g. consist of the following proportions: 25% Mg, 35% KNO₃, 10% KClO₄, 20% CaCO₃, 10% KCl.

Nebelsatz und Anzündsatz werden in an sich bekannter Weise in Hülsen gepreßt und mit herkömmlichen Anzündmitteln zur Reaktion gebracht.The mist set and the primer are pressed into sleeves in a manner known per se and reacted with conventional igniters.

Die Zeichnung zeigt eine Ausführungsform eines Nebelkörpers mit der neuen Mischung. In einer Hülse 1 mit Boden 3 befindet sich die verdichtete Mischung 4, welche als Abschluß die mit aufgepreßte Anzündmischung 5 trägt. Das Ausführungsbeispiel der Zeichnung besitzt eine Ausnehmung 6 zum Einsatz eines an sich bekannten Anzündmittels.The drawing shows an embodiment of a mist body with the new mixture. In a sleeve 1 with bottom 3 there is the compressed mixture 4, which carries the ignition mixture 5 pressed on with it as a conclusion. The embodiment of the drawing has a recess 6 for the use of an igniter known per se.

Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Mischung sind in der nachstehenden Tabelle wiedergegeben:

Figure imgb0001
Preferred embodiments of the mixture are shown in the table below:
Figure imgb0001

Claims (6)

1. Pyrotechnic composition for production of a camouflage fog, comprising a metal powder as a reducing agent, at least one oxidizing agent, at least one combustion rate moderator and at least one fog producer, characterised by a light-metal powder as the metallic reducing agent, potassium nitrate (KNO₃) or a mixture of potassium nitrate (KNO₃) and potassium perchlorate (KClO₄) as main oxidizing agent, at least one carbonate, for example calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), potassium hydrogen carbonate (KHCO₃) sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO₃) potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃) sodium carbonate Na₂CO₃) and nitrogen liberating substances as moderators and potassium chloride (KCl) as a sublimable and/or common salt (NaCl) as an evaporable, non toxic fog producing substance.
2. Composition in accordance with Claim 1, characterised by the fact that the light-metal powder comprises magnesium powder (Mg).
3. Composition in accordance with Claim 1, characterised by azodicarbonamide (NH₂-CO-N=N-CO-NH₂), oxamide (CONH₂)₂ or dicyanodiamide (NH=C(NH₂)NH-CN) as nitrogen liberating substance.
4. Composition in accordance with one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised by the following proportions in percentages by weight:
Figure imgb0003
5. Composition in accordance with Claim 4, characterised by the fact that the mixture (4) is pressed into a casing (1) and is provided at an end with an ignition mixture (5).
6. Ignition mixture in accordance with Claim 4, characterised by the fact that it comprises the same constituents as the fog producing composition but in different quantitative proportions, preferably 25% Mg, 35% KNO₃, 10% KClO₄, 20% CaCO₃ and 10% KCl.
EP88904505A 1987-08-26 1988-05-05 Pyrotechnical mixture for producing a smoke screen Expired - Lifetime EP0329718B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88904505T ATE71351T1 (en) 1987-08-26 1988-05-05 PYROTECHNIC MIX TO CREATE A CAMOUFLAGE FOG.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3728380 1987-08-26
DE3728380A DE3728380C1 (en) 1987-08-26 1987-08-26 Pyrotechnic mixture for the production of a camouflage mist and ignition mixture therefor

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EP0329718A1 EP0329718A1 (en) 1989-08-30
EP0329718B1 true EP0329718B1 (en) 1992-01-08

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US (1) US4968365A (en)
EP (1) EP0329718B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH02501138A (en)
KR (1) KR890701505A (en)
CN (1) CN1032778A (en)
AR (1) AR246937A1 (en)
AT (1) ATE71351T1 (en)
AU (1) AU600141B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1306112C (en)
DE (2) DE3728380C1 (en)
DK (1) DK172188B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2008004A6 (en)
FI (1) FI891759A (en)
GR (1) GR880100322A (en)
IL (2) IL87269A0 (en)
IN (1) IN168235B (en)
JO (1) JO1564B1 (en)
NO (1) NO168241C (en)
NZ (1) NZ225919A (en)
PH (1) PH23604A (en)
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SG (1) SG85592G (en)
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DE3031369C2 (en) * 1980-08-20 1987-01-02 Pyrotechnische Fabrik F. Feistel GmbH + Co KG, 6719 Göllheim Pyrotechnic charge consisting of a smoke composition and an ignition charge and a method for producing the mist mixture and the ignition charge
DE3104464C2 (en) * 1981-02-09 1983-01-13 Buck Chemisch-Technische Werke GmbH & Co, 7341 Bad Überkingen Method for producing a smoke set and a smoke pot with a smoke set housed therein
US4438700A (en) * 1982-07-19 1984-03-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army White smoke spotting composition for training ammunition
FR2560371B1 (en) * 1982-07-27 1989-03-31 France Etat Armement PROCESS OF OCCULTATION OF VISIBLE AND INFRARED RADIATION AND SMOKE AMMUNITION IMPLEMENTING THIS PROCESS
FR2560186B1 (en) * 1982-07-27 1987-06-05 France Etat Armement PYROTECHNIC COMPOSITION GENERATING OPAQUE SMOKE WITH INFRARED RADIATION AND FUMIGENE AMMUNITION OBTAINED
FR2583037B1 (en) * 1985-06-07 1987-11-13 France Etat Armement EFFICIENT FLOWABLE SMOKING COMPOSITIONS IN INFRARED
USH705H (en) * 1985-10-09 1989-11-07 Process for making smoke producing composition
USH232H (en) * 1986-08-26 1987-03-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Smoke-producing composition
USH233H (en) * 1986-08-29 1987-03-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Smoke producing composition
US4841865A (en) * 1987-06-17 1989-06-27 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence Smoke composition and method of making same

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011042114A1 (en) * 2009-10-09 2011-04-14 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Plastic-bonded pyrotechnical mixture for producing alkali metal chloride or earth alkali metal chloride aerosols as smokescreen
DE102012024809A1 (en) 2012-12-19 2014-06-26 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Pyrotechnic mixture for generating an aerosol

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SG85592G (en) 1992-12-24
NO891720D0 (en) 1989-04-26
CA1306112C (en) 1992-08-11
JO1564B1 (en) 1989-12-16
US4968365A (en) 1990-11-06
KR890701505A (en) 1989-12-20
GR880100322A (en) 1989-05-25
EP0329718A1 (en) 1989-08-30
AR246937A1 (en) 1994-10-31
CN1032778A (en) 1989-05-10
DK172188B1 (en) 1997-12-22
DE3867623D1 (en) 1992-02-20
NO891720L (en) 1989-04-26
AU1781788A (en) 1989-03-31
ES2008004A6 (en) 1989-07-01
NZ225919A (en) 1991-03-26
DK160989D0 (en) 1989-04-03
IL87469A0 (en) 1989-01-31
IN168235B (en) 1991-02-23
PT88324A (en) 1989-06-30
DK160989A (en) 1989-04-24
DE3728380C1 (en) 1988-11-24
NO168241C (en) 1992-01-29
PT88324B (en) 1993-09-30
FI891759A0 (en) 1989-04-13
WO1989001926A1 (en) 1989-03-09
FI891759A (en) 1989-04-13
AU600141B2 (en) 1990-08-02
PH23604A (en) 1989-09-11
NO168241B (en) 1991-10-21
ZA884982B (en) 1989-03-29
ATE71351T1 (en) 1992-01-15
IL87269A0 (en) 1989-01-31
JPH02501138A (en) 1990-04-19

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