US20230226063A1 - Pharmaceutical formulation of palbociclib and a preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Pharmaceutical formulation of palbociclib and a preparation method thereof Download PDF

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US20230226063A1
US20230226063A1 US17/954,421 US202217954421A US2023226063A1 US 20230226063 A1 US20230226063 A1 US 20230226063A1 US 202217954421 A US202217954421 A US 202217954421A US 2023226063 A1 US2023226063 A1 US 2023226063A1
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Prior art keywords
palbociclib
acid
pharmaceutically acceptable
auxiliary material
acceptable salt
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Zeren Wang
Jun Xu
Long Qu
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Shenzhen Hlk Pharmaceuticals Co Ltd
Shenzhen Pharmacin Co Ltd
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Shenzhen Hlk Pharmaceuticals Co Ltd
Shenzhen Pharmacin Co Ltd
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Priority claimed from US15/613,853 external-priority patent/US10449195B2/en
Application filed by Shenzhen Hlk Pharmaceuticals Co Ltd, Shenzhen Pharmacin Co Ltd filed Critical Shenzhen Hlk Pharmaceuticals Co Ltd
Priority to US17/954,421 priority Critical patent/US20230226063A1/en
Assigned to Shenzhen Pharmacin Co., Ltd. reassignment Shenzhen Pharmacin Co., Ltd. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: Shenzhen HLK Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.
Assigned to Shenzhen HLK Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. reassignment Shenzhen HLK Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: QU, LONG, WANG, ZEREN, XU, JUN
Publication of US20230226063A1 publication Critical patent/US20230226063A1/en
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    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A61K31/519—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic rings
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    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
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    • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the pharmaceutical field. More specifically, the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical formulation of palbociclib and a preparation method thereof.
  • the palbociclib of the present invention may be a palbociclib free base or any of its pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
  • palbociclib is an inhibitory agent for cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) 4 and 6, which inhibits the synthesis of DNA primarily by preventing cells from G1 phase to S phase via the inhibition of CDK4/6 activity, and can be used to treat metastatic breast cancer.
  • CDKs cyclin-dependent kinases
  • Clinical trial studies have shown that palbociclib combined with letrozole is very effective in postmenopausal patients with locally infiltrating breast cancer or in newly diagnosed estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and HER-2-negative patients. Its chemical structure is as follows:
  • palbociclib is an insoluble drug.
  • palbociclib has been approved for sale in the United States. According to the instructions for the approved product of palbociclib in the United States, one of seven patients has poor absorption upon administration of the palbociclib product. For these patients, the efficacy of said product will be relatively low. It is likely that the poor solubility of the drug causes the poor absorption in some patients. Thus, in the present, it is very necessary to further improve the dosage form of palbociclib so as to increase the dissolution rate and bioavailability thereof.
  • the in vitro dissolution of an oral solid formulation product of an insoluble drug has a certain correlation with its in vivo absorption.
  • an in vitro dissolution method is employed in the present invention to assess the capacity of the formulation product to be absorbed in vivo.
  • the present invention has surprisingly found that the dissolution of the oral solid formulation product prepared by mixing the API of palbociclib with a pharmaceutically acceptable acidic auxiliary material and optionally adding another pharmaceutically acceptable excipient can be significantly increased relative to the oral solid formulation products prepared in the prior art.
  • the present invention has also surprisingly found that, the disadvantage that the API having a small particle size cannot be used for the preparation of formulations as disclosed in the international patent application WO2014128588 can be overcome by pulverizing the API of palbociclib to reduce its particle size to D90 at 20 ⁇ m or less and then mixing with a pharmaceutically acceptable acidic auxiliary material, or by mixing the API of palbociclib with the pharmaceutically acceptable acidic auxiliary material, co-pulverizing to reduce the particle size of the mixture to D90 at 20 ⁇ m or less, and optionally adding another pharmaceutically acceptable excipient; and after an oral dosage form is prepared, the in vitro dissolution can be significantly increased.
  • the present invention has also surprisingly found that the API of palbociclib and the pharmaceutically acceptable acidic auxiliary material can be co-dissolved in a solvent and the concentration of the API of palbociclib in the solvent can be up to 50 mg/ml or more; and when a hydrophilic high-molecular material is further added and dissolved evenly and the solvent is removed by volatilization, an amorphous solid dispersion is formed. After an oral solid formulation product is prepared by optionally further adding another pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, its dissolution is further significantly increased.
  • the present invention has also surprisingly found that the method for preparing a solid dispersion of the present invention can also convert the acidic auxiliary material into an amorphous state and the amorphous state can be maintained for a long period of time, which is advantageous for maintaining the amorphous state of the API of palbociclib.
  • the in vitro dissolution of palbociclib is increased, and thereby its in vivo bioavailability can be improved.
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical formulation of palbociclib, which comprises a palbociclib free base or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and an acidic auxiliary material.
  • the palbociclib free base or the salt thereof is a solid.
  • the particle size (D90) of palbociclib in the pharmaceutical formulation is 20 ⁇ m or less.
  • the particle size (D90) of palbociclib and the acidic auxiliary material in the pharmaceutical formulation is 20 ⁇ m or less.
  • the acidic auxiliary material is one or more selected from the group consisting of a pharmaceutically acceptable water-soluble organic acid or a hydrate or an acidic salt thereof, a water-soluble acidic amino acid or a hydrate or an acidic salt thereof, an acidic salt of a water-soluble amino acid or a hydrate thereof, or an acidic salt of a water-soluble inorganic acid or a hydrate thereof.
  • the water-soluble organic acid is one or more selected from the group consisting of tartaric acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, citric acid, lactic acid and malic acid;
  • the water-soluble acidic amino acid is one or more selected from the group consisting of glutamic acid and aspartic acid;
  • the acidic salt of a water-soluble amino acid is one or more selected from the group consisting of the acidic salts of glycine, alanine and serine;
  • the acidic salt of the water-soluble inorganic acid is one or more selected from the group consisting of dihydric phosphate and bisulfate.
  • the acidic auxiliary material is preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of tartaric acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, citric acid, lactic acid and malic acid, more preferably tartaric acid.
  • the mass ratio of the acidic auxiliary material to palbociclib is from 0.2:1 to 5:1, preferably from 0.5:1 to 2:1.
  • the pharmaceutical formulation is a tablet or capsule.
  • the dosage of the tablet or capsule is from 25 mg to 500 mg, preferably from 50 mg to 150 mg.
  • the present invention also provides a solid dispersion of palbociclib, which comprises a palbociclib free base or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, an acidic auxiliary material and a hydrophilic high-molecular material.
  • the hydrophilic high-molecular material is one or more selected from the group consisting of povidone K30 (PVP-K30), copovidone VA64 (PVP-VA64), Soluplus, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose E5 (HPMC-E5), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMC-AS-HF), hydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin and sulfobutylether- ⁇ -cyclodextrin.
  • the acidic auxiliary material is selected from one or more pharmaceutically acceptable organic acids and optionally one or more pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic acids.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable organic acid is preferably selected from the group consisting of tartaric acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, aliphatic sulfonic acids (e.g., methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, isethionic acid, etc.) and aromatic sulfonic acids (e.g., benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, etc.), and the pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic acid is preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and the like.
  • “optionally” means that the pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic acid can be present or absent and, if the pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic acid is present, the amount of the pharmaceutically acceptable organic acid can be reduced
  • the mass ratio of the hydrophilic high-molecular material to palbociclib is from 0.1:1 to 10:1, and the mass ratio of the acidic auxiliary material to palbociclib is from 0.2:1 to 5:1; preferably, the mass ratio of the hydrophilic high-molecular material to palbociclib is from 1:1 to 3:1, and the mass ratio of the acidic auxiliary material to palbociclib is from 0.5:1 to 2:1.
  • the present invention also provides a method for the preparation of a pharmaceutical formulation, comprising: mixing an API of palbociclib with a pharmaceutically acceptable acidic auxiliary material, preferably at a certain mass ratio, and further, optionally adding another pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
  • the present invention also provides another method for the preparation of a pharmaceutical formulation, comprising: pulverizing the API of palbociclib to control the particle size at 20 ⁇ m or less, and then mixing with the pharmaceutically acceptable acidic auxiliary material, or adding the acidic auxiliary material to the API, mixing and co-pulverizing to control the particle size at 20 ⁇ m or less; and further, optionally adding another pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
  • the present invention also provides a method for the preparation of a solid dispersion, comprising: mixing palbociclib with an acidic auxiliary material; adding a solvent (including but not limited to water, ethanol, acetone and a mixture thereof, preferably water or a mixture thereof with other solvents, e.g.
  • a solvent including but not limited to water, ethanol, acetone and a mixture thereof, preferably water or a mixture thereof with other solvents, e.g.
  • the concentration of the API of palbociclib in the solvent can be up to 50 mg/ml or more, thereby improving the preparation efficiency of the solid dispersion.
  • the present invention also provides the use of a pharmaceutical formulation or a solid dispersion for the treatment of breast cancer.
  • palbociclib refers to a palbociclib free base or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which can be used interchangeably.
  • the excipient is well known and may be an adhesive, a filler, a disintegrant, a lubricant, a preservative, an antioxidant, a flavoring agent, a fragrance, a cosolvent, an emulsifier, a solubilizer, an osmotic pressure regulator, a coloring agent and the like.
  • palbociclib is pulverized, or the palbociclib is mixed with the acidic auxiliary material and co-pulverized, for example, by means of the airflow pulverization technique, in order to reduce the particle size to D90 at 20 ⁇ m or less.
  • the pharmaceutical formulation is an oral solid formulation product, such as a tablet or a capsule.
  • a product is generally prepared by mixing the API with another pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary material, such as an excipient, a lubricant, a disintegrant and the like, so as to prepare the oral solid formulation product.
  • the palbociclib oral solid formulation product which has been approved for sale in the United States (the trade name is Ibrance), was manufactured by the above-mentioned technique, according to the description in its drug instructions.
  • the present invention successfully prepares the solid dispersion of palbociclib for the first time by means of a special combination.
  • the solid dispersion is a kind of formulation technique, and useful for a formulation product of an insoluble drug.
  • an amorphous solid dispersion is prepared from the insoluble API together with a hydrophilic pharmaceutical high-molecular auxiliary material.
  • the methods for the preparation of the amorphous solid dispersion include a solvent method and a melting method.
  • the solvent method includes dissolving the API and the auxiliary material together in a solvent and then volatilizing the solvent.
  • the melting method includes co-melting the API and the high-molecular auxiliary material and rapidly cooling the same. In view of the high melting point of palbociclib, reaching 271° C., and the insolubility in most of solvents, it is impossible to prepare the amorphous solid dispersion in accordance with the solid dispersion technique in the prior art.
  • the formulation prepared by mixing the API of palbociclib with the acidic auxiliary material exhibits a cumulative dissolution rate of 47.8% in a dissolution medium at pH 6.0 for 60 minutes, increased from 34.0% of the product prepared by the prior formulation technique ( FIG. 1 ).
  • the formulation prepared by pulverizing palbociclib (having a particle size at 20 ⁇ m or less, FIG. 2 ), or the formulation prepared by mixing and co-pulverizing palbociclib and the acidic auxiliary material exhibits a further increased cumulative dissolution rate of 66.6% and 68.7%, respectively, at pH 6.0 for 60 minutes ( FIG. 3 ).
  • the solid dispersion prepared by mixing the API of palbociclib with the acidic material and then with the hydrophilic high-molecular material exhibits a dynamic solubility of 85%, increased from 58% of the API of palbociclib itself, as shown in a dynamic solubility test performed in a buffer at pH 6.0 with stirring for 60 minutes ( FIG. 4 ).
  • the preparation method of the solid dispersion of the present invention can also convert the acidic auxiliary material such as tartaric acid into an amorphous state ( FIG. 5 ) and the amorphous state is maintained over one week of storage in a stabilizing box at 40° C./75% RH, which is advantageous for maintaining the amorphous state of the palbociclib solid dispersion for a long period of time.
  • the acidic auxiliary material such as tartaric acid
  • FIG. 1 shows the in vitro dissolution of the capsule formulation prepared from palbociclib with the acidic auxiliary material or without the acidic auxiliary material;
  • FIG. 2 shows the particle size of the pulverized palbociclib
  • FIG. 3 shows the in vitro dissolution of the capsule formulation prepared by mixing the pulverized palbociclib with the acidic auxiliary material, and of the capsule formulation prepared by co-pulverizing the API of palbociclib and tartaric acid to reduce the particle size;
  • FIG. 4 shows the dynamic solubility of the solid dispersion prepared by mixing the API of palbociclib with the acidic material and then with a hydrophilic high-molecular material, compared to the API of palbociclib itself, as tested in a buffer at pH 6.0 with stirring for 60 minutes;
  • FIG. 5 shows the amorphous state of the acidic auxiliary material tartaric acid in the solid dispersion of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 shows an XRPD pattern of the API of palbociclib used in the present invention
  • FIG. 7 shows an XRPD pattern of a palbociclib solid dispersion prepared with HPMC-AS-HF
  • FIG. 8 shows an XRPD pattern of a palbociclib solid dispersion prepared with PVP-VA64
  • FIG. 9 shows an XRPD pattern of a palbociclib solid dispersion prepared with PVP-K30;
  • FIG. 10 shows an XRPD pattern of a palbociclib solid dispersion prepared with Soluplus.
  • FIG. 11 shows an XRPD pattern of a palbociclib solid dispersion prepared with HPMC-E5.
  • the pressed large tablets were crushed and passed through a 10-mesh sieve, and dispensed into gelatin capsules at a loading of 350 mg per capsule.
  • the dissolution rate was measured by a basket method at pH 6.0, at a rotation speed of 100 rpm and at the selected time points of 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45 and 60 minutes.
  • the pressed large tablets were crushed and passed through a 10-mesh sieve, and dispensed into gelatin capsules at a loading of 350 mg per capsule.
  • the dissolution rate was measured by a basket method at pH 6.0, at a rotation speed of 100 rpm and at the selected time points of 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45 and 60 minutes.
  • the airflow co-pulverized mixture of the API of palbociclib and tartaric acid (comprising 1500 mg of palbociclib and 1200 mg of tartaric acid) was added with 345 mg of lactose, 840 mg of microcrystalline cellulose, 210 mg of sodium carboxymethyl starch and 84 mg of silica, and mixed in a three dimensional mixer for 15 minutes.
  • 125 mg of the API of palbociclib was weighed and placed into a 10 ml penicillin bottle; 1.991 ml of double distilled water and 8.63 ⁇ l of 36% hydrochloric acid solution (having a density of 1.18 g/mL) were added, so that the molar ratio of hydrochloric acid to the API of palbociclib was 1:1. Then 200 mg of tartaric acid was added and completely mixed and dissolved under the action of ultrasound. 100 mg of PVP VA64 was added to the above solution and dissolved by ultrasound together with hand shaking. In a fume hood, water was volatilized by means of stirring under heating; and nitrogen was introduced to facilitate water evaporation. Stop heating and stirring when the content of the penicillin bottle was gelatinous and there was no more liquid reduction. It was placed into a vacuum dryer, overnight at 40° C., and removed the next day, and thereby, the solid dispersion was prepared.
  • 125 mg of the API of palbociclib was weighed and placed into a 10 ml penicillin bottle; 2 ml of double distilled water and 27.3 mg of phosphoric acid were added, so that the molar ratio of phosphoric acid to the API of palbociclib was 1:1. Then 200 mg of tartaric acid was added and completely mixed and dissolved under the action of ultrasound. 100 mg of PVP VA64 was added to the above solution and dissolved by ultrasound together with hand shaking. In a fume hood, water was volatilized by means of stirring under heating; and nitrogen was introduced to facilitate water evaporation. Stop heating and stirring when the content of the penicillin bottle was gelatinous and there was no more liquid reduction. It was placed into a vacuum dryer, overnight at 40° C., and removed the next day, and thereby, the solid dispersion was prepared.
  • the XRPD test was performed with Panalytical's XPERT-3 X-ray diffractometer. About 10 mg of sample was evenly tiled on a monocrystalline silicon sample tray and subjected to the XRPD test with the following parameters: scanning range (2 ⁇ °): 3-40; scanning step (2 ⁇ °):0.0263; scanning time (seconds): 46.665; K-Alpha wavelength ( ⁇ ): 1.54060; K-Alpha2 wavelength ( ⁇ ): 1.54443; Power setting: 40 mA, 45 kV.
  • the obtained XRPD pattern of the API of palbociclib was shown in FIG. 6 ; and the XRPD pattern of the solid dispersion prepared with PVP-K30 was shown in FIG. 9 .
  • the palbociclib solid dispersion prepared with PVP-VA64 in Example 4 was sent for XRPD test.
  • the XRPD test was performed with Panalytical's XPERT-3 X-ray diffractometer. About 10 mg of sample was evenly tiled on a monocrystalline silicon sample tray and subjected to the XRPD test with the following parameters: scanning range (2 ⁇ °): 3-40; scanning step (2 ⁇ °):0.0263; scanning time (seconds): 46.665; K-Alpha wavelength ( ⁇ ): 1.54060; K-Alpha2 wavelength ( ⁇ ): 1.54443; Power setting: 40 mA, 45 kV.
  • the obtained XRPD pattern was shown in FIG. 8 .
  • the palbociclib solid dispersion prepared with Soluplus in Example 5 was sent for XRPD test.
  • the XRPD test was performed with Panalytical's XPERT-3 X-ray diffractometer. About 10 mg of sample was evenly tiled on a monocrystalline silicon sample tray and subjected to the XRPD test with the following parameters: scanning range (2 ⁇ °): 3-40; scanning step (2 ⁇ °):0.0263; scanning time (seconds): 46.665; K-Alpha wavelength ( ⁇ ): 1.54060; K-Alpha2 wavelength ( ⁇ ): 1.54443; Power setting: 40 mA, 45 kV.
  • the obtained XRPD pattern was shown in FIG. 10 .
  • the solid dispersion prepared with HPMC-E5 in Example 6 was sent for XRPD test.
  • the XRPD test was performed with Panalytical's XPERT-3 X-ray diffractometer. About 10 mg of sample was evenly tiled on a monocrystalline silicon sample tray and subjected to the XRPD test with the following parameters: scanning range (2 ⁇ °): 3-40; scanning step (2 ⁇ °):0.0263; scanning time (seconds): 46.665; K-Alpha wavelength ( ⁇ ): 1.54060; K-Alpha2 wavelength ( ⁇ ): 1.54443; Power setting: 40 mA, 45 kV.
  • the obtained XRPD pattern was shown in FIG. 11 .
  • the solid dispersion prepared with HPMC-AS-HF in Example 7 was sent for XRPD test.
  • the XRPD test was performed with Panalytical's XPERT-3 X-ray diffractometer. About 10 mg of sample was evenly tiled on a monocrystalline silicon sample tray and subjected to the XRPD test with the following parameters: scanning range (2 ⁇ °): 3-40; scanning step (2 ⁇ °):0.0263; scanning time (seconds): 46.665; K-Alpha wavelength ( ⁇ ): 1.54060; K-Alpha2 wavelength ( ⁇ ): 1.54443; Power setting: 40 mA, 45 kV.
  • the obtained XRPD pattern was shown in FIG. 7 .

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