US20220213817A1 - Single-working-medium vapor combined cycle - Google Patents

Single-working-medium vapor combined cycle Download PDF

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US20220213817A1
US20220213817A1 US17/606,032 US202017606032A US2022213817A1 US 20220213817 A1 US20220213817 A1 US 20220213817A1 US 202017606032 A US202017606032 A US 202017606032A US 2022213817 A1 US2022213817 A1 US 2022213817A1
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working medium
state
heat
releasing
working
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Huayu Li
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/06—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using mixtures of different fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the flied of energy and power technology.
  • the vapor power device with external combustion for example, its heat source has the dual characteristics of high temperature and variable temperature.
  • the material's temperature resistance and pressure resistance abilities and safety concerns limit the parameters of the cycle's working medium. Therefore, there is a big temperature difference between the working medium and the heat source, which leads to big irreversible loss and low efficiency.
  • thermodynamic cycles are the theoretical basis of thermal energy utilization devices, and the core of energy utilization systems. The establishment, development and application of thermodynamic cycles will play an important role in the rapid development of energy utilization and will promote actively for social progress and productivity development.
  • the present invention proposes a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle.
  • the single working-medium vapor combined cycle and the vapor power device for combined cycle are mainly provided in the present invention, and the specific content of the present invention is as follows:
  • a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of eleven processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium, M 2 kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (6) of the H kg of working medium and the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (6) to (3) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of
  • a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of twelve processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium, M 2 kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (5) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (7) of the H kg of working medium and the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (7) to (4) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process
  • a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of twelve processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium, M 2 kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (2) to (5) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (7) of the H kg of working medium and the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (7) to (3) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process
  • a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of thirteen processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium, M 2 kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (7) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (8) of the H kg of working medium and the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (8) to (4) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process
  • a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of thirteen processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium, M 2 kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (4) to (7) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (8) of the H kg of working medium and the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (8) to (5) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to
  • a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of fourteen processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium, M 2 kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (8) of the H kg of working medium and the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (8) to (3) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (4) to (7) of the X kg of working medium, performing a
  • a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of fourteen processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium, M 2 kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (b) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (6) of the H kg of working medium and the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (6) to (a) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working
  • a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of fifteen processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium, M 2 kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (b) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (5) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (7) of the H kg of working medium and the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (7) to (a) of the M 2 kg of
  • a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of fifteen processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium, M 2 kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (b) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (5) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (7) of the H kg of working medium and the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (7) to (a) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of the M kg of
  • a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of sixteen processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium, M 2 kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (b) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (7) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (8) of the H kg of working medium and the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (8) to (a) of the M 2 kg of
  • a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of sixteen processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium, M 2 kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (b) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (4) to (7) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (8) of the H kg of working medium and the (M 1 +M
  • a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of seventeen processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium, M 2 kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (b) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (8) of the H kg of working medium and the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (8) to (a) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working
  • FIG. 1 is a type 1 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a type 2 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a type 3 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a type 4 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a type 5 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a type 6 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a type 7 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a type 8 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a type 9 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a type 10 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a type 11 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a type 12 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • M 3 is a sum of M 1 and M 2 .
  • the detailed description of the present invention is as follows:
  • the T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 1 works as follows:
  • the working medium conducts eleven processes: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (6) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (6) to (3) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (5) to (f) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-releasing
  • the heat of the process 2-3 of M 1 kg of working medium and the process 3-4 of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium are usually provided by the external heat source or by an external heat source and the heat-releasing process 5-f of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium (regeneration).
  • the heat released by (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium in process 5-f can be sent externally or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle to meet the corresponding heat demand.
  • the heat released by (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, where temperature is lowered to state 6, is released to the H kg of working medium.
  • the heat released by (M 1 +H) kg of working medium in process 7-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.
  • the pressurization process 1-2 of M 1 kg of working medium and the pressurization process 1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps.
  • the pressurization process 6-3 of M 2 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a compressor.
  • the depressurization (and expansion) process 4-5 of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process 6-7 of (M 1 +H) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders.
  • the total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 2 works as follows:
  • the working medium conducts twelve processes: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (5) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-absorption process to set a state (f) to (7) of the H kg of working medium and (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (7) to (4) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (6) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state
  • the heat of the process 2-3 of M 2 kg of working medium and the process 4-5 of M 2 kg of working medium are usually provided by an external heat source or by the external heat source and the heat-releasing process 6-f of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium (regeneration).
  • the pressurization process 1-2 of M 1 kg of working medium and the pressurization process 1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps.
  • the pressurization process 7-4 of M 2 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a compressor.
  • the depressurization (and expansion) process 3-5 of M 1 kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 5-6 of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process 7-8 of (M 1 +H) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders.
  • the total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 3 works as follows:
  • the working medium conducts twelve processes: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (2) to (5) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (7) of the H kg of working medium and (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (7) to (3) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (6) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a
  • the heat of the process 2-5 of M 1 kg of working medium and the process 3-4 of M 2 kg of working medium are usually provided by an external heat source or by the external heat source and the heat-releasing process 6-f of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium (regeneration).
  • the pressurization process 1-2 of M 1 kg of working medium and the pressurization process 1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps.
  • the pressurization process 7-3 of M 2 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a compressor.
  • the depressurization (and expansion) process 4-5 of M 1 kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 5-6 of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process 7-8 of (M 1 +H) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders.
  • the total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 4 works as follows:
  • the working medium conducts thirteen processes: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (7) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (8) of the H kg of working medium and (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (8) to (4) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (6) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (6) to (7) of
  • the heat of the process 2-3 of M 1 kg of working medium and the process 4-5 of M 2 kg of working medium is usually provided by an external heat source, or by the heat-releasing process 6-7 of M 1 kg of working medium and the heat-releasing process 7-f of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium (regeneration).
  • the pressurization process 1-2 of M 1 kg of working medium and the pressurization process 1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps.
  • the pressurization process 8-4 of M 2 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a compressor.
  • the depressurization (and expansion) process 3-7 of M 1 kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 5-6 of M 2 kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process 8-9 of (M 1 +H) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders.
  • the total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 5 works as follows:
  • the working medium conducts thirteen processes: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (7) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (8) of the H kg of working medium and (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (8) to (5) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (5) to (6) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (6) to (7) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (7) to (f)
  • the heat of the process 2-3 of M 1 kg of working medium and the process 5-6 of M 2 kg of working medium are usually provided by the external heat source, or by the heat-releasing process 4-7 of M 1 kg of working medium and the heat-releasing process 7-f of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium (regeneration).
  • the pressurization process 1-2 of M 1 kg of working medium and the pressurization process 1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps.
  • the pressurization process 8-5 of M 2 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a compressor.
  • the depressurization (and expansion) process 3-4 of M 1 kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 6-7 of M 2 kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process 8-9 of (M 1 +H) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders.
  • the total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 6 works as follows:
  • the working medium conducts fourteen processes: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (8) of the H kg of working medium and (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (8) to (3) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (4) to (7) of the X kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, performing a de
  • the heat of the process 2-3 of M 1 kg of working medium, the heat of the process 3-4 of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium and the process 4-5 of (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium are usually provided by an external heat source or by an external heat source and the heat-releasing process 6-7 of (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium (regeneration).
  • the heat released by (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium in process 6-f can be sent externally or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle to meet the corresponding heat demand.
  • the heat of (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, where temperature is lowered to state 7, is released to the H kg of working medium.
  • the heat released by (M 1 +H) kg of working medium in process 9-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.
  • the pressurization process 1-2 of M 1 kg of working medium and the pressurization process 1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps.
  • the pressurization process 8-3 of M 2 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a compressor.
  • the depressurization (and expansion) process 4-7 of X kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 5-6 of (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process 8-9 of (M 1 +H) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders.
  • the total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 7 works as follows:
  • the working medium conducts fourteen processes: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (b) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (6) of the H kg of working medium and (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (6) to (a) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (3) of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, performing a heat
  • the heat of the process 2-b of M 1 kg of working medium is from a mixed heat-releasing process of the M kg of working medium
  • the heat of the process b-3 of (M 1 +M) kg of working medium and the process 3-4 of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium are usually provided by an external heat source or by an external heat source and the heat-releasing process 5-f of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium (regeneration).
  • the pressurization process 1-2 of M 1 kg of working medium and the pressurization process 1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps.
  • the pressurization process 6-a of M 2 kg of working medium and the pressurization process a-3 of (M 1 ⁇ M) kg of working medium are usually achieved by compressors.
  • the depressurization (and expansion) process 4-5 of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process 6-7 of (M 1 +H) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders.
  • the total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 8 works as follows:
  • the working medium conducts fifteen processes: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (b) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (5) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (7) of the H kg of working medium and (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (7) to (a) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing a pressur
  • the heat of the process 2-b of M 1 kg of working medium is from a mixed heat-releasing process of the M kg of working medium.
  • the heat of the process b-3 of (M 1 +M) kg of working medium and the process 4-5 of (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium are usually provided by an external heat source or by an external heat source and the heat-releasing process 6-f of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium (regeneration).
  • the pressurization process 1-2 of M 1 kg of working medium and the pressurization process 1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps.
  • the pressurization process 7-a of M 2 kg of working medium and the pressurization process a-4 of (M 1 ⁇ M) kg of working medium are usually achieved by compressors.
  • the depressurization (and expansion) process 3-5 of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 5-6 of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process 7-8 of (M 1 +H) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders.
  • the total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 9 works as follows:
  • the working medium conducts fifteen processes: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (b) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (5) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (7) of the H kg of working medium and (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (7) to (a) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (3) of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, performing a
  • the heat of the process 2-b of M 1 kg of working medium is from a mixed heat-releasing process of the M kg of working medium.
  • the heat of the process b-5 of (M 1 +M) kg of working medium and the process 3-4 of (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium are usually provided by an external heat source or by an external heat source and the heat-releasing process 6-f of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium (regeneration).
  • the pressurization process 1-2 of M 1 kg of working medium and the pressurization process 1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps.
  • the pressurization process 7-a of M 2 kg of working medium and the pressurization process a-3 of (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium are usually achieved by compressors.
  • the depressurization (and expansion) process 4-5 of (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 5-6 of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process 7-8 of (M 1 +H) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders.
  • the total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 10 works as follows:
  • the working medium conducts sixteen processes: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (b) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (7) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (8) of the H kg of working medium and (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (8) to (a) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing a pressur
  • the heat of the process 2-b of M 1 kg of working medium is from a mixed heat-releasing process of the M kg of working medium.
  • the heat of the process b-3 of (M 1 +M) kg of working medium and the process 4-5 of (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium are usually provided by an external heat source or by an external heat source, the heat-releasing process 6-7 of (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium and the heat-releasing process 7-f of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium (regeneration).
  • the pressurization process 1-2 of M 1 kg of working medium and the pressurization process 1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps.
  • the pressurization process 8-a of M 2 kg of working medium and the pressurization process a-4 of (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium are usually achieved by compressors.
  • the depressurization (and expansion) process 3-7 of (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 5-6 of (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process 8-9 of (M 1 +H) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders.
  • the total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 11 works as follows:
  • the working medium conducts sixteen processes: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (b) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (4) to (7) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (8) of the H kg of working medium and (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (8) to (a) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing
  • the heat of the process 2-b of M 1 kg of working medium is from a mixed heat-releasing process of the M kg of working medium.
  • the heat of the process b-3 of (M 1 +M) kg of working medium and the process 5-6 of (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium are usually provided by an external heat source or by an external heat source, the heat-releasing process 4-7 of (M 1 +M) kg of working medium and the heat-releasing process 7-f of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium (regeneration).
  • the pressurization process 1-2 of M 1 kg of working medium and the pressurization process 1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps.
  • the pressurization process 8-a of M 2 kg of working medium and the pressurization process a-5 of (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium are usually achieved by compressors.
  • the depressurization (and expansion) process 3-4 of (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 6-7 of (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process 8-9 of (M 1 +H) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders.
  • the total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 12 works as follows:
  • the working medium conducts seventeen processes: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (b) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a mixed heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (8) of the H kg of working medium and (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (8) to (a) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (3) of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, performing a heat
  • the heat of the process 2-b of M 1 kg of working medium is from a mixed heat-releasing process of the M kg of working medium.
  • the heat of the process b-3 of (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, the process 3-4 of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium and the process 4-5 of (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium are usually provided by an external heat source or by an external heat source and the heat-releasing process 6-f of (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium (regeneration).
  • the heat released by (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium in process 6-f can be sent externally or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle to meet the corresponding heat demand.
  • process f-7 the heat of (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, where temperature is lowered to state 7, is released to the H kg of working medium.
  • process 7-8 the heat of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, where temperature is lowered to state 8, is released to the H kg of working medium.
  • the heat released by M 1 kg of working medium in process 9-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.
  • the pressurization process 1-2 of M 1 kg of working medium and the pressurization process 1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps.
  • the pressurization process 8-a of M 2 kg of working medium and the pressurization process a-3 of (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium are usually achieved by compressors.
  • the depressurization (and expansion) process 4-7 of X kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 5-6 of (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process 8-9 of (M 1 +H) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders.
  • the total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the technical effects of the present invention invention The single-working-medium vapor combined cycle proposed by the present invention has the following effects and advantages:
  • the present invention greatly reduces the amount of heat absorbed in the phase-change region, and correspondingly increases the amount of heat absorbed in the high-temperature region. Therefore, the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle can achieve high efficiency.
  • the present invention possesses simple methods, reasonable processes and good applicability. It is a common technology to realize the effective utilization of temperature differences.
  • the present invention only uses a single working medium, which is easy to produce and store;
  • the present invention can also reduce the operation cost and improve the flexibility of cycle regulation.
  • both the cycle's working medium and the heat source medium conduct variable-temperature processes; therefore, the temperature difference loss is reduced and the efficiency is improved.
  • the present invention adopts the low-pressure and high-temperature operation mode in the high-temperature region; therefore, the contradiction among thermal efficiency, the working medium's parameters and the material's temperature resistance and pressure resistance abilities, which is common in traditional vapor power devices, can be resolved.
  • the vapor power device provided in the present invention can operate at a low pressure.
  • the present invention provides theoretical support for improving the safety of device operation.
  • the present invention possesses a wide range of applicable working media.
  • the present invention can match energy supply with demand well. It is flexible to match the working medium and the working parameters.
  • the present invention expands the range of thermodynamic cycles for temperature difference utilization, and contributes to a higher-efficiency power generation of high-temperature heat sources and variable-temperature heat sources.

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US4876855A (en) * 1986-01-08 1989-10-31 Ormat Turbines (1965) Ltd. Working fluid for rankine cycle power plant
US20110271676A1 (en) * 2010-05-04 2011-11-10 Solartrec, Inc. Heat engine with cascaded cycles
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FR2178386A5 (en) * 1972-03-30 1973-11-09 Babcock Atlantique Sa Carbon dioxide heat engine - with compounded thermal cycle for optimized efficiency
WO2018068430A1 (zh) * 2016-10-12 2018-04-19 李华玉 单工质蒸汽联合循环与联合循环蒸汽动力装置
CN108119195B (zh) * 2016-12-20 2020-05-01 李华玉 联合循环动力装置
CN108679880B (zh) * 2017-03-30 2021-07-27 李华玉 双工质联合循环压缩式热泵
KR101968517B1 (ko) * 2017-09-04 2019-04-15 한국해양과학기술원 이젝터 결합형 증기압축식 냉방 온도차발전 듀얼시스템
CN108019974B (zh) * 2018-01-25 2024-04-05 天津商业大学 中间补气的一次节流中间不完全冷却热泵系统

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US4557112A (en) * 1981-12-18 1985-12-10 Solmecs Corporation Method and apparatus for converting thermal energy
US4876855A (en) * 1986-01-08 1989-10-31 Ormat Turbines (1965) Ltd. Working fluid for rankine cycle power plant
US20110271676A1 (en) * 2010-05-04 2011-11-10 Solartrec, Inc. Heat engine with cascaded cycles
US20120279220A1 (en) * 2011-05-02 2012-11-08 Harris Corporation Hybrid imbedded combined cycle

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