US20180209070A1 - Flame retardant composite fiber and preparation method therefor - Google Patents

Flame retardant composite fiber and preparation method therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
US20180209070A1
US20180209070A1 US15/745,469 US201615745469A US2018209070A1 US 20180209070 A1 US20180209070 A1 US 20180209070A1 US 201615745469 A US201615745469 A US 201615745469A US 2018209070 A1 US2018209070 A1 US 2018209070A1
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Prior art keywords
composite
flame
glycerol
fabric
retardant
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US15/745,469
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English (en)
Inventor
Jung-Il Song
Prabhakar MUCHUKOTA NARENDRA
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Industry Academy Cooperation Foundation of Changwon National University
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Industry Academy Cooperation Foundation of Changwon National University
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Assigned to CHANGWON NATIONAL UNIVERSITY INDUSTRY ACADEMY COOPERATION CORPS reassignment CHANGWON NATIONAL UNIVERSITY INDUSTRY ACADEMY COOPERATION CORPS ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MUCHUKOTA NARENDRA, Prabhakar, SONG, JUNG-IL
Publication of US20180209070A1 publication Critical patent/US20180209070A1/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
    • D06M15/03—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/07—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt for making fire- or flame-proof filaments
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D10/00—Physical treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture, i.e. during a continuous production process before the filaments have been collected
    • D01D10/02—Heat treatment
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
    • D06M15/03—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
    • D06M15/11—Starch or derivatives thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/263—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof
    • D06M15/267—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof of unsaturated carboxylic esters having amino or quaternary ammonium groups
    • A41D31/0022—

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to a composite fabric, and more specifically to a novel type of composite fabric which is physically and chemically more durable while being environmentally friendly and which can also be used for fire protection through the provision of flame retardancy, and a preparation method therefore.
  • polyester resins can be imparted with flame retardancy by halogenated and non-halogenated compounds, in which the halogenated compounds have a problem in that they cause air pollution.
  • the polyester resins also have a problem in that they are not environmentally friendly due to their low biodegradability.
  • the present invention has been conceived to overcome the above-described problems of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a novel type of composite fabric which is physically and chemically more durable while being environmentally friendly and which can also be used for fire protection through the provision of flame retardancy, and a preparation method therefore.
  • the present invention provides a flame-retardant composite fabric prepared by applying to the surface of a flax fabric a mixture of a powdery flame retardant and a thermoplastic starch composite including corn starch as a main component and then subjecting the flax fabric to compression molding using a hot press.
  • thermoplastic starch composite may be prepared by mixing water with glycerol to prepare a glycerol solution, adding and mixing corn starch with the glycerol solution to obtain a glycerol/corn starch mixture, allowing the glycerol/corn starch mixture to stand for a predetermined time, and then grinding the glycerol/corn starch mixture.
  • the flame retardant may be a mixture of chitosan and ammonium polyphosphate.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing a flame-retardant composite fabric, the method sequentially including: a solution preparation step of mixing water with glycerol while heating them at a temperature of 60 to 80° C., thereby preparing a glycerol solution; a composite preparation step of adding powdery corn starch to the glycerol solution to obtain a glycerol/corn starch mixture, continuously stirring the glycerol/corn starch mixture, allowing the stirred glycerol/corn starch mixture to stand for a predetermined time, and then grinding the glycerol/corn starch mixture, thereby preparing a powdery thermoplastic starch composite; a powder application step of applying the powdery thermoplastic starch composite to a surface of a sheet-like flax fabric; and a hot-press molding step of subjecting the flax fabric with the thermoplastic starch composite applied thereto to compression molding using a hot press, thereby preparing a flame-retardant composite fabric.
  • the method of the present invention may further include, after the composite preparation step, a flame retardant addition step of adding a powdery flame retardant, prepared by mixing chitosan and ammonium polyphosphate together, to the powdery thermoplastic starch composite, prepared in the composite preparation step, to make a powdery thermoplastic starch composite/flame retardant mixture, and the powder application step may include applying the powdery thermoplastic starch composite/flame retardant mixture to the surface of the flax fabric.
  • a flame retardant addition step of adding a powdery flame retardant, prepared by mixing chitosan and ammonium polyphosphate together, to the powdery thermoplastic starch composite, prepared in the composite preparation step, to make a powdery thermoplastic starch composite/flame retardant mixture
  • the powder application step may include applying the powdery thermoplastic starch composite/flame retardant mixture to the surface of the flax fabric.
  • the chitosan of the flame retardant may be used in an amount of 3 to 9 parts by weight.
  • the hot-press molding step is performed by stacking sheets of the flax fabric with the thermoplastic starch composite applied thereto on a compression mold and then pressing the sheets at a pressure of 7 MPa or higher and a temperature of 120 to 160° C.
  • the above-described flame-retardant composite fabric and preparation method therefore according to the present invention have the effect of providing an environmentally friendly composite fabric by preparing a composite fabric by means of biodegradable components.
  • the flame-retardant composite fabric and the preparation method therefore according to the present invention have the effect of providing a physically and chemically more durable composite fabric by including not only a thermoplastic starch composite containing corn starch as a main component but also a flax fabric as a fabric.
  • the corn starch is readily available at low costs, and thus there can be achieved the effect of making it possible to prepare a composite fabric having excellent performance at low production costs.
  • the flame-retardant composite fabric and the preparation method therefore according to the present invention can provide a composite fabric imparted with flame retardancy by adding to the thermoplastic starch composite a flame retardant including chitosan and ammonium polyphosphate as main component. Accordingly, the flame-retardant composite fabric of the present invention has the effect of being suitable for use for fireproof clothing having excellent tensile strength, excellent tensile modulus and strong flame retardancy, etc.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a process for preparing a flame-retardant composite fabric according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows the molecular structure of a flame-retardant composite fabric prepared by a process for preparing a flame-retardant composite fabric according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing the tensile strength of a flame-retardant composite fabric prepared by a process for preparing a flame-retardant composite fabric according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing the tensile modulus of a flame-retardant composite fabric prepared by a process for preparing a flame-retardant composite fabric according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing the burning time of a flame-retardant composite fabric prepared by a process for preparing a flame-retardant composite fabric according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph showing the burning rate of a flame-retardant composite fabric prepared by a process for preparing a flame-retardant composite fabric according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a flame-retardant composite fabric is mainly characterized in that it is a fabric prepared by applying to the surface of a flax fabric a mixture of a powdery flame retardant and a thermoplastic starch composite including corn starch as a main component and then subjecting the fabric to compression molding using a hot press.
  • the corn starch that is used in the present invention has advantages in that it is completely recyclable and biodegradable, it is physically and chemically easily changeable, and it is inexpensive and readily available.
  • the corn starch has advantages in that it has good stability and strong adhesive strength, it can be formed into fine particles, and thus it can be formed into a plastic resin by hydrogen bonding with the hydroxyl group of water and glycerol.
  • the flax fabric has advantages in that it is environmentally friendly and it has excellent strength due to spiral cellulose bonded in a matrix form.
  • thermoplastic starch composite including corn starch as a main component is applied to a flax fabric, thereby preparing an environmentally friendly, biodegradable composite fabric. Accordingly, the prepared composite fabric does not cause environmental pollution, and can exhibit sufficient strength due to the characteristics of the flax fabric.
  • a flame-retardant composite fabric according to an embodiment of the present invention which is made of a combination of the thermoplastic starch composite and the flax fabric, is very stable in terms of its molecular structure.
  • thermoplastic starch composite in the embodiment of the present invention, a flame retardant is added to the thermoplastic starch composite so that flame retardancy can be further imparted to the composite fabric.
  • the flame retardant that is used in the present invention includes a mixture of chitosan and ammonium polyphosphate.
  • the chitosan that is used as a main component in the flame retardant has a flame retardant effect, and the ammonium polyphosphate has acidic and foaming properties. Accordingly, the use of the chitosan in combination with the ammonium polyphosphate can exhibit a sufficient flame-retardant effect.
  • the method for preparing the flame-retardant composite fabric according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a solution preparation step S 100 , a composite preparation step S 200 , a flame retardant addition step S 300 , a powder application step S 400 , and a hot-press molding step S 500 .
  • a powdery thermoplastic starch composite including corn starch as a main component is prepared, and then mixed with a flame retardant.
  • the mixture is applied to a flax fabric and molded at high temperature and high pressure so that the thermoplastic starch composite containing the flame retardant can be very uniformly and accurately applied onto the overall surface of the flax fabric, thereby providing a flame-retardant composite fabric.
  • the solution preparation step S 100 is a step of preparing a solution for mixture with corn starch.
  • water preferably distilled water
  • glycerol are uniformly mixed with each other while they are heated at a temperature of 60 to 80° C., thereby preparing a glycerol solution.
  • This glycerol solution serves to provide an adhesive property while being melted by high-temperature heat in the hot-press molding step S 500 to be described later, and also serves to increase processability and uniformly and firmly cure the thermoplastic starch composite after the completion of molding.
  • the composite preparation step S 200 is a step of preparing a thermoplastic starch composite by mixing corn starch with the glycerol solution prepared in the solution preparation step S 100 .
  • this composite preparation step S 200 powdery corn starch is added to the glycerol solution and stirred continuously to form a uniform mixture. Then, the mixture is allowed to stand for about 12 hours or more until it is cured. After the completion of the curing, the mixture is finely ground using a ball mill, thereby preparing a powdery thermoplastic starch composite.
  • the glycerol solution contains the corn starch heated to a high temperature of 60 to 80° C., and thus enables the corn starch to be mixed more smoothly and completely than mixing corn starch at low temperatures.
  • the flame retardant addition step S 300 is a step of adding a flame retardant to the thermoplastic starch composite prepared in the composite preparation step S 200 , thereby imparting flame retardancy to the thermoplastic starch composite.
  • This flame retardant addition step S 300 is performed by adding a powdery flame retardant, prepared by mixing chitosan with ammonium polyphosphate, to the powdery thermoplastic starch composite prepared in the composite preparation step S 200 , thereby preparing a mixture.
  • the chitosan that is used in the present invention exhibits an excellent effect of retarding flame, and the ammonium polyphosphate has both acidic and foaming properties. Accordingly, when the chitosan is used together with the ammonium polyphosphate to prepare a flame retardant and this flame retardant is added to the thermoplastic starch composite, a flame-retardant thermoplastic starch composite can be prepared.
  • the flame retardant is preferably added in an amount of 3 to 9 parts by weight based on the total weight of the final flame-retardant composite fabric.
  • the amount of flame retardant added is smaller than 3 parts by weight or larger than 9 parts by weight, a problem may arise in that the tensile strength and tensile modulus of the resulting flame-retardant composite fabric decrease rather than increasing, due to the excessive content of chitosan or ammonium polyphosphate.
  • the amount of flame retardant added is smaller than 3 parts by weight, the burning time of the resulting flame-retardant composite fabric becomes shorter.
  • the flame retardant is preferably added in an amount of 3 to 9 parts by weight, more preferably 6 parts by weight.
  • FIGS. 3 to 6 are graphs showing comparisons among a state in which a thermoplastic starch composite was present alone, a state in which 3 to 9 wt % of a flax fabric was added to the thermoplastic starch composite, and a state in which a flax fabric and 3 to 9 wt % of a flame retardant were added to the thermoplastic starch composite.
  • the powder application step S 400 is a step of applying to the surface of a sheet-like flax fabric the powdery thermoplastic starch composite to which the flame retardant was added in the flame retardant addition step S 300 .
  • This step is performed such that the powdery thermoplastic starch composite can be applied uniformly to the overall surface of the flax fabric.
  • the hot-press molding step S 500 is a step of subjecting the flax fabric, which has the thermoplastic starch composite powder applied thereto, to compression molding.
  • This hot-press molding step S 500 is performed by placing on a compression mold the flax fabric having the thermoplastic starch composite applied thereto, and then pressing the flax fabric at a pressure of 7 MPa or higher and at a temperature of 120 to 160° C.
  • the thermoplastic starch composite can be applied uniformly to the flax fabric in a melted state while the flax fabric or the thermoplastic starch composite containing the flame retardant is not burned.
  • two or more sheets of the flax fabric having the thermoplastic composite fabric applied thereto may be stacked on each other while they are arranged in different weaving directions.
  • the compression molding of the flax fabric may also be performed by providing a vacuum bag on the compression mold, stacking in the vacuum bag the flax fabric having the thermoplastic starch composite applied thereto, sealing the vacuum bag, and then performing molding at the above-described temperature and pressure in a vacuum state.
  • the compression mold After the completion of the hot-press molding step S 500 , the compression mold is cooled to room temperature, and then allowed to stand so as to cure the thermoplastic starch composite, thereby obtaining the flame-retardant composite fabric according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • 150 g of powdery corn starch and the prepared high-temperature glycerol solution are added to each other, and are continuously and repeatedly mixed for about 2 hours by using ball mixing technology.
  • a flame retardant is added to the glycerol solution mixed with the corn starch, followed by additional stirring for about 1 hour.
  • thermoplastic starch composite Thereafter, the mixture is allowed to stand at room temperature for 12 hours, and then ground into fine powder, thereby obtaining a thermoplastic starch composite.
  • Flax fabric pieces each having a size of 120 ⁇ 120 mm, are placed on a mold for compression molding, and the prepared powdery thermoplastic starch composite is applied to the surface of the flax fabric.
  • thermoplastic starch complex is applied not only to the surface of each flax fabric sheet but also between the flax fabric sheets.
  • the mold is preheated at a temperature of 140° C. for 10 minutes, and then heated to a temperature of 160° C., and the flax fabric is compression-molded at that temperature and at 7 MPa for 30 minutes.
  • tests for tensile strength and tensile modulus were performed. The tests were performed on each of a pure thermoplastic starch composite, a thermoplastic starch composite to which 3 to 9 wt % of a flax fabric was added, and a thermoplastic starch composite to which 3 to 9 wt % of a flame retardant were added. The tensile strength and tensile modulus measured by the tests are shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 .
  • the flame-retardant composite fabric of the present invention as described above and the preparing method therefore can provide an environmentally friendly composite fabric composed of biodegradable components.
  • the flame-retardant composite fabric of the present invention and the preparing method therefore can provide a physically and chemically more durable composite fabric including not only a thermoplastic starch composite containing corn starch as a main component, but also a flax fabric. Since the corn starch is readily available at low costs, it makes it possible to prepare a composite fabric having excellent performance at low production costs.
  • the flame-retardant composite fabric of the present invention and the preparing method therefore can provide a composite fabric imparted with flame retardancy as a result of adding to the thermoplastic starch composite a flame retardant including chitosan and ammonium polyphosphate as main components. Accordingly, the flame-retardant composite fabric of the present invention is suitable for use for fireproof clothing having excellent tensile strength, excellent tensile modulus and strong flame retardancy, etc.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)
US15/745,469 2015-07-17 2016-01-21 Flame retardant composite fiber and preparation method therefor Abandoned US20180209070A1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR10-2015-0101470 2015-07-17
KR1020150101470A KR101592965B1 (ko) 2015-07-17 2015-07-17 난연성 복합섬유 및 그의 제조 방법
PCT/KR2016/000624 WO2017014382A1 (ko) 2015-07-17 2016-01-21 난연성 복합섬유 및 그의 제조 방법

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CN115075008A (zh) * 2022-07-01 2022-09-20 新乡市新科防护科技有限公司 一种高效阻燃的轻薄柔软多纤维混纺面料及其制备方法
WO2023147247A1 (en) * 2022-01-31 2023-08-03 Purdue Research Foundation Production of rice straw fiber board using lignin from catalytically depolymerized rice straw
WO2023147249A1 (en) * 2022-01-31 2023-08-03 Purdue Research Foundation Method for making composite board from methanol exploded depolymerized lignin and composite board made of the same

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CN111021053A (zh) * 2019-11-26 2020-04-17 杭州优标科技有限公司 一种包含万年蒿复合提取物的纤维及其制备方法
CN110820334A (zh) * 2019-12-06 2020-02-21 杭州优标科技有限公司 一种包含小麦蛋白的复合纤维及其制备方法
KR102206991B1 (ko) * 2020-08-10 2021-01-25 창원대학교 산학협력단 친환경 소재를 이용한 바이오 복합재 및 그 제조 방법
WO2022034991A1 (ko) * 2020-08-11 2022-02-17 창원대학교 산학협력단 인산화 나노셀룰로오스가 그래프트된 열가소성 전분 및 그 제조방법

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WO2023147249A1 (en) * 2022-01-31 2023-08-03 Purdue Research Foundation Method for making composite board from methanol exploded depolymerized lignin and composite board made of the same
CN115075008A (zh) * 2022-07-01 2022-09-20 新乡市新科防护科技有限公司 一种高效阻燃的轻薄柔软多纤维混纺面料及其制备方法

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