US20170153048A1 - Improved Evaporative Condenser - Google Patents

Improved Evaporative Condenser Download PDF

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Publication number
US20170153048A1
US20170153048A1 US15/310,001 US201515310001A US2017153048A1 US 20170153048 A1 US20170153048 A1 US 20170153048A1 US 201515310001 A US201515310001 A US 201515310001A US 2017153048 A1 US2017153048 A1 US 2017153048A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
condensing
coils
water
zone
airstream
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US15/310,001
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English (en)
Inventor
Klaas Visser
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Individual
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Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2014901764A external-priority patent/AU2014901764A0/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of US20170153048A1 publication Critical patent/US20170153048A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/04—Condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
    • F28B1/02—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using water or other liquid as the cooling medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
    • F28C1/00—Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers
    • F28C1/14—Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers comprising also a non-direct contact heat exchange
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
    • F28C1/00—Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers
    • F28C1/16—Arrangements for preventing condensation, precipitation or mist formation, outside the cooler
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D3/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium flows in a continuous film, or trickles freely, over the conduits
    • F28D3/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium flows in a continuous film, or trickles freely, over the conduits with tubular conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/08—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D7/082—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag with serpentine or zig-zag configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F25/00—Component parts of trickle coolers
    • F28F25/02—Component parts of trickle coolers for distributing, circulating, and accumulating liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/041—Details of condensers of evaporative condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/046—Condensers with refrigerant heat exchange tubes positioned inside or around a vessel containing water or pcm to cool the refrigerant gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F25/00—Component parts of trickle coolers
    • F28F2025/005—Liquid collection; Liquid treatment; Liquid recirculation; Addition of make-up liquid
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

Definitions

  • An improved evaporative condenser and evaporative condensation process are disclosed for use in refrigeration and air-conditioning systems.
  • the condenser and process can be employed with both chemical refrigerants (e.g. hydrofluorocarbons) and natural refrigerants (e.g. hydrocarbons (such as propane & isobutane), CO 2 , ammonia, etc).
  • chemical refrigerants e.g. hydrofluorocarbons
  • natural refrigerants e.g. hydrocarbons (such as propane & isobutane), CO 2 , ammonia, etc).
  • the evaporative condenser as disclosed herein comprises a divergent zone that diverges from the condensing coil zone towards the drift eliminators.
  • the configuration of the divergent zone is such that, once the airstream has flowed past the one or more condensing coils, it flows into and through the divergent zone to the drift eliminators.
  • the divergent zone may comprise an air plenum having a progressively increasing cross-sectional area.
  • stainless steel tube material i.e. due to corrosion/chemical resistance, increased refrigerant pressure capacity, etc
  • a natural refrigerant such as a propane and/or isobutane hydrocarbon, CO 2 , ammonia, etc.
  • the divergent part of the zone can be configured to cause the airstream to decelerate in a gradually decreasing manner.
  • the divergent zone can comprise a hollow frustum (hollow air plenum) through which the airstream flows.
  • a hollow frustum may be located on the air exit side of the condensing coil plenum.
  • the divergent frustum when the condensing coil plenum is of circular section, the divergent frustum each comprise a conical frustum, or a square-to-circular frustum-like prism; when the condensing coil plenum is of square section, the divergent frustum may comprise a square frustum; etc.
  • the mechanism for wetting the one or more condensing coils may comprise water distribution channels, such as those with serrated edges, internal slots, etc.
  • an evaporative condenser that comprises the collection zone for collecting water that has passed through condensing coil zone, and that comprises the heat exchanger through which the collected water is passed prior to recycling it to the wetting mechanism, and through which the condensed refrigerant is passed to exchange heat with the recycled collected water.
  • Also disclosed herein is an evaporative condensation process forming part of a refrigeration or air-conditioning cycle.
  • the process is conducted such that the velocity of the airstream leaving the one or more condensing coils is caused to decelerate prior to eliminating the water that is present in the airstream.
  • Also disclosed herein is an evaporative condensation process in which the water that passes through the one or more condensing coils is collected and recycled to wet the one or more condensing coils with water. Further, in such a process, heat can be exchanged between the condensed refrigerant and the collected water, prior to recycling it to wet the one or more condensing coils.
  • FIG. 2 shows a detail of FIG. 1 , to illustrate a variant of the evaporative condenser that further comprises a side heat exchanger;
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional side schematic of an evaporative condenser that is similar to FIG. 1 , but for different process parameters in accordance with the Examples;
  • FIG. 7 is a graph showing water flow down the tube bundle in accordance with the Examples.
  • FIG. 8 is a graph showing overall heat transfer coefficient & pressure loss in accordance with the Examples.
  • the fan is operated such that the airstream A is already at a higher velocity at the condensing coil bundles 12 relative to the drift eliminators 30 . Having flowed past the condensing coil bundles 12 , the airstream A flows into the divergent airflow plenum 40 , passing through the water cones 16 . Because of the progressively increasing cross-section of the divergent airflow plenum 40 , the airflow is able to decelerate to an acceptable velocity before it reaches and passes through the drift eliminators 30 .
  • the condensing coil bundles 112 are arranged in the intermediate airflow zone 113 .
  • the configuration of these zones is such that the airstream A flows through and is accelerated in the convergent airflow zone 135 to the condensing coil bundles 112 located in the intermediate airflow plenum 113 (e.g. to approximately 5 m/s).
  • the airstream A flows into the divergent airflow zone 140 , passing through the water cone 16 , and decelerating before reaching the drift eliminators 130 .
  • the drift eliminators 130 are arranged immediately at the air exit of the divergent airflow plenum 140 .
  • Another consequence of the increased airflow rate over the condensing coils is that an increased flow of refrigerant can be passed through the condensing coil bundle 12 , 112 because the greater air velocity is able to bring about condensation of a relatively greater amount of refrigerant.
  • the recycling system also comprises water make-up 58 (e.g. at 383 kg/h) for maintaining a predetermined amount of water in the basin 50 for effective operation of the evaporative condenser.
  • make-up water can include a supply of water that has been eliminated (captured) by the drift eliminators 30 .
  • Non-limiting examples of the present condenser and process will now be provided in order to illustrate the theoretical basis of the condenser and process, and to better understand the condenser and process in operation.
  • ammonia can be condensed at 30° C. in an evaporative condenser with an entering air wet bulb temperature of 24° C.
  • an evaporative condenser for subcritical CO 2 condensing at 30° C. i.e. 1.1 K below the critical point

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Central Air Conditioning (AREA)
US15/310,001 2014-05-13 2015-05-13 Improved Evaporative Condenser Abandoned US20170153048A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2014901764 2014-05-13
AU2014901764A AU2014901764A0 (en) 2014-05-13 Improved evaporative condenser
PCT/AU2015/000277 WO2015172180A1 (en) 2014-05-13 2015-05-13 Improved evaporative condenser

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20170153048A1 true US20170153048A1 (en) 2017-06-01

Family

ID=54479035

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US15/310,001 Abandoned US20170153048A1 (en) 2014-05-13 2015-05-13 Improved Evaporative Condenser

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US20170153048A1 (ko)
EP (1) EP3146279A4 (ko)
JP (1) JP2017519182A (ko)
KR (1) KR20170005047A (ko)
CN (1) CN106461297A (ko)
AU (1) AU2015258758A1 (ko)
CA (1) CA2947774A1 (ko)
WO (1) WO2015172180A1 (ko)
ZA (1) ZA201607964B (ko)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112539576A (zh) * 2020-11-30 2021-03-23 浙江万享科技股份有限公司 一种循环速冷高效冷凝器
EP3717844A4 (en) * 2017-11-27 2021-07-21 Glaciem Cooling Technologies REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
CN113530620A (zh) * 2021-07-16 2021-10-22 江苏奥喜埃化工有限公司 透平机氯气冷却系统改造结构
CN113587497A (zh) * 2021-07-12 2021-11-02 浙江国祥股份有限公司 一种双冷复合高效蒸发式冷凝器
US11320182B2 (en) * 2018-11-15 2022-05-03 National Taipei University Of Technology Integrated water-cooled air conditioning device

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018148534A1 (en) * 2017-02-09 2018-08-16 Evapco, Inc. Evaporative refrigerant condenser heat exchanger
CN108644800A (zh) * 2018-05-31 2018-10-12 中国石油化工股份有限公司胜利油田分公司现河采油厂 冷凝式油田注汽锅炉烟气余热回收装置及方法
CN109724429A (zh) * 2018-12-21 2019-05-07 江苏格陵兰传热科技有限公司 热回收节能型气体降温装置
CN111256487B (zh) * 2020-01-17 2021-02-12 浙江大学 一种构成循环回路的蒸汽冷却装置及方法
WO2024106286A1 (ja) * 2022-11-15 2024-05-23 一男 中野 膜式熱交換装置

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US2217130A (en) * 1939-05-09 1940-10-08 Niehart William Marion Spray draft unit for humidifying and temperature control apparatus
DE972293C (de) * 1952-09-21 1959-07-02 Gea Luftkuehler Ges M B H Verdunstungskuehler, insbesondere Verdunstungskondensator fuer Kaeltemaschinen
CH326705A (de) * 1954-11-10 1957-12-31 Sulzer Ag Kühleinrichtung, insbesondere Verflüssiger für Kälteanlagen
GB845844A (en) * 1959-02-11 1960-08-24 Gea Luftkuhler Gesselschaft M Evaporating cooling plant
DE1242649B (de) * 1959-03-10 1967-06-22 Gea Luftkuehler Happel Gmbh Durch einen zwanglaeufig bewegten Luftstrom gekuehlter Waermetauscher
GB901024A (en) * 1959-03-10 1962-07-11 Happel Ges Mit Beschraenkter H Improvements in and relating to air-cooled heat exchangers
US3169575A (en) * 1961-10-27 1965-02-16 Baltimore Aircoil Co Inc Evaporative heat exchanger
GB1023981A (en) * 1962-11-30 1966-03-30 Baltimore Aircoil Co Inc Method and apparatus for cooling fluids
GB1055958A (en) * 1964-04-27 1967-01-25 Baltimore Aircoil Co Inc Heat exchange apparatus
US3575387A (en) * 1968-12-05 1971-04-20 Baltimore Aircoil Co Inc Air control damper for evaporative heat exchangers
US3800553A (en) * 1971-05-19 1974-04-02 Baltimore Aircoil Co Inc Injector type indirect evaporative condensers
US3785626A (en) * 1971-05-19 1974-01-15 Baltimore Aircoil Co Inc Control system for injection cooling towers
US3907942A (en) * 1971-05-19 1975-09-23 Baltimore Aircoil Co Inc Control system for injection cooling towers
US3903213A (en) * 1974-01-02 1975-09-02 Randall S Stover Counter flow, forced draft, blow-through heat exchangers
US4367183A (en) * 1980-04-25 1983-01-04 Hamon-Sobelco, S.A. Air channeling device for mixing dry and humid air streams of a combined wet and dry atmospheric cooler
US4626387A (en) * 1985-05-29 1986-12-02 Leonard Oboler Evaporative condenser with helical coils and method
US4632787A (en) * 1985-10-30 1986-12-30 Tippmann Robert T Evaporative heat exchanger
US4918943A (en) * 1989-01-26 1990-04-24 Faust Paul A Condenser
US4974422A (en) * 1990-03-08 1990-12-04 Vilter Manufacturing Corporation Evaporative condenser with fogging nozzle
US5349829A (en) * 1992-05-21 1994-09-27 Aoc, Inc. Method and apparatus for evaporatively cooling gases and/or fluids
EP0687878A1 (de) * 1994-06-15 1995-12-20 BDAG Balcke-Dürr Aktiengesellschaft Verdunstungskühlturm
US5724828A (en) * 1995-04-21 1998-03-10 Baltimore Aircoil Company, Inc. Combination direct and indirect closed circuit evaporative heat exchanger with blow-through fan
CA2303382A1 (en) * 1997-09-19 1999-04-01 The Government Of The United States, As Represented By The Administrator Of The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Rotating disk evaporative cooler
JP2000193346A (ja) * 1998-12-29 2000-07-14 Pichit Likitcheva 普通の不飽和空気を用いる蒸発凝縮装置
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WO2015172180A1 (en) 2015-11-19
AU2015258758A1 (en) 2016-11-17
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CN106461297A (zh) 2017-02-22
EP3146279A1 (en) 2017-03-29

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