US20170119766A1 - Methods for Treating Cancer Using Pyrimidine and Pyridine Compounds with BTK Inhibitory Activity - Google Patents

Methods for Treating Cancer Using Pyrimidine and Pyridine Compounds with BTK Inhibitory Activity Download PDF

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US20170119766A1
US20170119766A1 US15/343,570 US201615343570A US2017119766A1 US 20170119766 A1 US20170119766 A1 US 20170119766A1 US 201615343570 A US201615343570 A US 201615343570A US 2017119766 A1 US2017119766 A1 US 2017119766A1
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Bayard R. Huck
Samantha M. GOODSTAL
Claude GIMMI-MCKIM
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Merck Patent GmbH
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Priority to US16/809,850 priority patent/US11491153B2/en
Priority to US17/232,383 priority patent/US20210244736A1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A61K31/506—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
    • A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
    • A61K31/5377—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. timolol
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/69—Boron compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a series of pyrimidine and pyridine compounds that are useful as therapeutics in the treatment of cancer in mammals. More particularly, embodiments of the present invention describe irreversible kinase inhibitors including, but not limited to, inhibitors of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (hereinafter referred to as: “BTK”). Methods for the preparation of the aforementioned compounds are disclosed in addition to the incorporation of these compounds into pharmaceutical compositions that include the same.
  • BTK Bruton's tyrosine kinase
  • Protein kinases constitute a large family of structurally related enzymes that are responsible for the control of a wide variety of signal transduction processes within the cell (Hardie, G. and Hanks, S. (1995) The Protein Kinase Facts Book. I and II, Academic Press, San Diego, Calif.).
  • the kinases may be categorized into families by the substrates they phosphorylate (e.g., protein-tyrosine, protein-serine/threonine, lipids, etc.). Sequence motifs have been identified that generally correspond to each of these kinase families (e.g., Hanks, S.
  • Protein kinases may be characterized by their regulation mechanisms. These mechanisms include, for example, autophosphorylation, transphosphorylation by other kinases, protein-protein interactions, protein-lipid interactions, and protein-polynucleotide interactions. An individual protein kinase may be regulated by more than one mechanism.
  • Kinases regulate many different cell processes including, but not limited to, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, motility, transcription, translation and other signalling processes, by adding phosphate groups to target proteins. These phosphorylation events act as molecular on/off switches that can modulate or regulate the target protein biological function. Phosphorylation of target proteins occurs in response to a variety of extracellular signals (hormones, neurotransmitters, growth and differentiation factors, etc.), cell cycle events, environmental or nutritional stresses, etc. The appropriate protein kinase functions in signalling pathways to activate or inactivate (either directly or indirectly), for example, a metabolic enzyme, regulatory protein, receptor, cytoskeletal protein, ion channel or pump, or transcription factor.
  • Uncontrolled signalling due to defective control of protein phosphorylation has been implicated in a number of diseases, including, for example, inflammation, cancer, allergy/asthma, diseases and conditions of the immune system, diseases and conditions of the central nervous system, and angiogenesis.
  • BTK a member of the Tec family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases, is a signaling enzyme expressed in all hematopoietic cells types except T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. BTK plays a well documented role in the B-cell signaling pathway linking cell surface B-cell receptor stimulation to downstream intracellular responses. BTK is also a regulator of B-cell development, activation, signaling, and survival (Kurosaki, Curr Op Imm, 2000, 276-281; Schaeffer and Schwartzberg, Curr Op Imm 2000, 282-288).
  • BTK exerts a physiological effect through other hematopoetic cell signaling pathways, e.g., Toll like receptor (TLR) and cytokine receptor-mediated TNF-a production in macrophages, IgE receptor (FcepsilonRI) signaling in Mast cells, inhibition of Fas/APO-1 apoptotic signaling in B-lineage lymphoid cells, and collagen-stimulated platelet aggregation.
  • TLR Toll like receptor
  • FcepsilonRI IgE receptor
  • Fas/APO-1 Fas/APO-1 apoptotic signaling in B-lineage lymphoid cells
  • collagen-stimulated platelet aggregation e.g., BTK has an ATP-binding pocket with high similarity to Src-family kinases, such as lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (Lck) and Lyn. Comparing BTK to other kinases one finds a conserved cysteine residue
  • BTK plays important roles in the development, differentiation, activation and proliferation of B cells, as well as their antibody and cytokine generation.
  • Btk plays a central role in other immunological processes such as cytokine production by neutrophils, mast cells and monocytes, degranulation of neutrophils and mast cells as well as differentiation/activation of osteoclasts.
  • Reversible kinase inhibitors have been developed into therapeutic compounds. These reversible inhibitors, however, have decided disadvantages. Many reversible inhibitors of kinases interact with the ATP-binding site. Given the structure of the ATP-binding sites are highly conserved among kinases, it has been difficult to develop a reversible inhibitor that selectively inhibits a desired (La, target) kinase. Moreover, given that many reversible kinase inhibitors readily dissociate from their target polypeptide(s), maintaining inhibition over extended periods of time can be difficult. When using reversible kinase inhibitors as therapeutics, therefore, often times near toxic dosages and/or frequent dosing is required to achieve the intended biological effect.
  • the present invention is directed towards compounds of the formulae presented herein for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of cancer, including Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma mantle cell lymphoma and Non-Hodgkins's Lymphoma diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, including abc subtype.
  • FIG. 1 shows the average percent inhibition of compound (2) at each dose level across 11 primary CLL patient samples.
  • FIG. 2 show inhibition of compound (2) in an ABC-DLBCL assay, across 6 cell lines.
  • FIG. 3 show inhibition of compound (2) in an MCL assay, across 6 cell lines.
  • FIG. 4 a shows the In vivo efficacy study in MCL model. The objective was to determine anti-tumor effects and dose response.
  • MCL cell lines Mino, s.c. xenograft models.
  • Mouse strain nu/nu mice. Treatments start at 150-200 mm 3 tumor volume.
  • FIGS. 4 b and 4 c Mino: BTK inhibitor in MCL model, tumor volume and body weight.
  • FIGS. 4 d and 4 e Mino: BTK inhibitor in MCL model, tumor volume and body weight.
  • the present invention provides a series of novel pyrimidine and pyridine kinase inhibitors.
  • said kinase inhibitors are irreversible inhibitors of tyrosine kinases.
  • said irreversible kinase inhibitors inhibit BTK. While it is not intended that the compounds described by the present invention be limited to any specific mechanism of action, in some embodiments said irreversible kinase inhibitors exert a physiological effect by forming a covalent bond with Cys 481 in BTK. Significantly, this Cys 481 in BTK finds homologs in other kinases.
  • Embodiments of the present invention also described methods for synthesizing said irreversible inhibitors, methods for using said irreversible inhibitors in the treatment of diseases (including hyperproliferative diseases). Further described are pharmaceutical formulations that include an irreversible kinase inhibitor including pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or prodrugs thereof, that are kinase inhibitors and useful in the treatment of the above mentioned diseases.
  • the invention provides a method for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of cancer, comprising administering to a subject a compound of Formula (I):
  • Het 1 denotes piperidinyl, piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzotriazolyl, indolyl, benzo-1,3-dioxolyl, indazolyl, azabicyclo[3.2.1]octyl, azabicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, imidazolidinyl, azetidinyl, azepanyl, benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazoly
  • Het 1 denotes pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, dihydropyridyl or dihydrobenzodioxinyl, each of which is unsubstituted or mono-, di- or trisubstituted by R 6 , O(CH 2 ) n Ar 3 and/or (CH 2 ) n Ar 3 .
  • Het 2 denotes piperidinyl, piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, azabicyclo[3.2.1]octyl, azabicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, 2,7-diazaspiro[3.5]nonyl, 2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decyl, 2,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonyl, 3-azabicylo[3.1.0]hexyl, 2-azaspiro[3.3]heptyl, 6-azaspiro[3.4]octyl, 7-azaspiro[3.5]nonyl, 5-azaspiro[3.5]nonyl, imidazolidinyl, azetidinyl, azepanyl, tetrahydrofuryl, dioxolanyl, tetrahydrothienyl, tetrahydroimidazolyl, tetra
  • Het 3 denotes piperidinyl, piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, imidazolidinyl, azetidinyl, azepanyl, tetrahydrofuryl, dioxolanyl, tetrahydrothienyl, dihydropyrrolyl, tetrahydroimidazolyl, dihydropyrazolyl, tetrahydropyrazolyl, tetrahydropyridyl or dihydro
  • Het 3 denotes piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, dihydropyrrolyl, dihydropyrazolyl or dihydropyridyl, each of which may be unsubstituted or mono-, di- or trisubstituted by Hal, A and/or ⁇ O.
  • Het 4 denotes hexahydrothieno[3,4-d]imidazolyl, benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl or 5H-dipyrrolo[1,2-c:2′,1′-f][1,3,2]diazaborinin-4-ium-uidyl, each of which may be unsubstituted or mono-, di-, tri- or tetrasubstituted by A, NO 2 , Hal and/or ⁇ O.
  • the invention provides a method for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of cancer, comprising administering to a subject a compound of Formula (II):
  • warhead refers to a part, functional group or substituent of the compounds as claimed in the present invention, wherein, said part, functional group or substituent covalently binds to an amino acid (such as cysteine, lysine, or any other amino acid, either native or modified, that can form said covalent bond) that is present, for example, in the binding region within a given ligand wherein said warhead binds with said ligand, wherein the covalent binding between said warhead and the binding region of said target protein occurs under conditions wherein a physiological function of said protein is irreversibly inhibited.
  • amino acid such as cysteine, lysine, or any other amino acid, either native or modified, that can form said covalent bond
  • substituent Q is selected from the groups set out in Table 1. All compounds, in Table 1, appearing within a box are not “warheads” as defined above.
  • the invention provides a method for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of cancer, comprising administering to a subject a compound of Formula (III):
  • the invention provides a method for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of cancer, comprising administering to a subject a compound of Formula (IV):
  • the invention provides a method for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of cancer, comprising administering to a subject a compound of Formula (V):
  • the invention provides a method for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of cancer, comprising administering to a subject a compound selected from Table 2:
  • the invention provides a method for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of cancer, comprising administering to a subject a compound selected from: N-[(1-acryloylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5-(4-phenoxyphenyl)pyrimidine-4,6-diamine (A250); and 1-(4-(((6-amino-5-(4-phenoxyphenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)methyl)-4-fluoropiperidin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (A225).
  • a compound selected from: N-[(1-acryloylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5-(4-phenoxyphenyl)pyrimidine-4,6-diamine (A250); and 1-(4-(((6-amino-5-(4-phenoxyphenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)methyl)-4-fluoropiperidin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (A225).
  • the invention provides a method as described above, wherein the compound is N-[(1-acryloylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5-(4-phenoxyphenyl)pyrimidine-4,6-diamine (A250).
  • the invention provides a method as described above, wherein the compound is 1-(4-(((6-amino-5-(4-phenoxyphenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)methyl)-4-fluoropiperidin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (A225).
  • the method of the invention is used to treat or prevent a condition selected from a proliferative or hyperproliferative disease, e.g., cancer.
  • the invention provides a method of treating, preventing, or lessening the severity of cancer of a patient, by administering a compound or composition of the present invention.
  • the invention provides for the treatment of diseases, disorders, and conditions characterized by excessive or abnormal cell proliferation.
  • diseases include a proliferative or hyperproliferative disease.
  • proliferative and hyperproliferative diseases include cancer and myeloproliferative disorders.
  • cancer includes, but is not limited to the following cancers.
  • Oral head and neck, including buccal cavity, lip, tongue, mouth, pharynx;
  • Cardiac sarcoma (angiosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, liposarcoma), myxoma, rhabdomyoma, fibroma, lipoma and teratoma;
  • Lung Non-small cell lung carcinoma including adenocarcinoma (acinar, bronchioloalveolar carcinoma [nonmucinous, mucinous, mixed], papillary, solid adenocarcionoma, clear cell, mucinous [colloid] adenocarcinoma, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, signet ring, well-differentiated fetal), bronchioalveolar, squamous cell carcinoma (basaloid, clear cell, papillary, small
  • Gastrointestinal esophagus (squamous cell carcinoma, larynx, adenocarcinoma, leiomyosarcoma, lymphoma), stomach (carcinoma, lymphoma, leiomyosarcoma), pancreas (ductal adenocarcinoma, insulinoma, glucagonoma, gastrinoma, carcinoid tumors, vipoma), small bowel or small intestines (adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, carcinoid tumors, Karposi's sarcoma, leiomyoma, hemangioma, lipoma, neurofibroma, fibroma), large bowel or large intestines (adenocarcinoma, tubular adenoma, villous adenoma, hamartoma, leiomyoma), colon, colon-rectum, colorectal; rectum, Genitourinary tract: kidney (
  • the cancer is selected from Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma mantle cell lymphoma, and Non-Hodgkins's Lymphoma diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, including abc subtype.
  • the cancer is Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma mantle cell lymphoma.
  • the cancer is Non-Hodgkins's Lymphoma diffuse large b-cell lymphoma.
  • the cancer is Non-Hodgkins's Lymphoma diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, including abc subtype.
  • the cancer is selected from Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma mantle cell lymphoma, and Non-Hodgkins's Lymphoma diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, including abc subtype, and the compound is A250 or A225. In certain embodiments, the compound is A250. In certain embodiments, the compound is A225. In certain embodiments, the cancer is Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma mantle cell lymphoma and the compound is A250 or A225. In certain embodiments, the compound is A250. In certain embodiments, the compound is A225.
  • the cancer is Non-Hodgkins's Lymphoma diffuse large b-cell lymphoma and the compound is A250 or A225. In certain embodiments, the compound is A250. In certain embodiments, the compound is A225. In certain embodiments, the cancer is Non-Hodgkins's Lymphoma diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, including abc subtype, and the compound is A250 or A225. In certain embodiments, the compound is A250. In certain embodiments, the compound is A225.
  • substituted preferably relates to the substitution by the above-mentioned substituents, where a plurality of different degrees of substitution are possible, unless indicated otherwise.
  • the compounds of the Formula (I), (II), (Ill), (IV) and (V) may have one or more centres of chirality. They may accordingly occur in various enantiomeric forms and be in racemic or optically active form.
  • the invention therefore also relates to the optically active forms (stereoisomers), the enantiomers, the racemates, the diastereomers and hydrates and solvates of these compounds.
  • the pharmaceutical activity of the racemates or stereoisomers of the compounds according to the invention may differ, it may be desirable to use the enantiomers.
  • the end product or even the intermediates can be separated into enantiomeric compounds by chemical or physical measures known to the person skilled in the art or even employed as such in the synthesis.
  • diastereomers are formed from the mixture by reaction with an optically active resolving agent.
  • optically active acids such as the R and S forms of tartaric acid, diacetyltartaric acid, dibenzoyltartaric acid, mandelic acid, malic acid, lactic acid, suitably N-protected amino acids (for example N-benzoylproline or N-benzenesulfonylproline), or the various optically active camphorsulfonic acids.
  • chromatographic enantiomer resolution with the aid of an optically active resolving agent (for example dinitrobenzoylphenylglycine, cellulose triacetate or other derivatives of carbohydrates or chirally derivatised methacrylate polymers immobilised on silica gel).
  • optically active resolving agent for example dinitrobenzoylphenylglycine, cellulose triacetate or other derivatives of carbohydrates or chirally derivatised methacrylate polymers immobilised on silica gel.
  • Suitable eluents for this purpose are aqueous or alcoholic solvent mixtures, such as, for example, hexane/isopropanol/acetonitrile, for example in the ratio 82:15:3.
  • An elegant method for the resolution of racemates containing ester groups is the use of enzymes, in particular esterases.
  • compounds of Formula (I), Formula (II), Formula (III), Formula (IV) and Formula (V) include isotope-labeled forms thereof.
  • An isotope-labeled form of a compound of Formula (I), Formula (II), Formula (III), Formula (IV) and Formula (V) is identical to this compound apart from the fact that one or more atoms of the compound have been replaced by an atom or atoms having an atomic mass or mass number which differs from the atomic mass or mass number of the atom which usually occurs naturally.
  • isotopes which are readily commercially available and which can be incorporated into a compound of the Formula I by well-known methods include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, fluorine and chlorine, for example 2 H, 3 H, 13 C, 14 C, 15 N, 18 O, 17 O, 31 P, 32 P, 35 S, 18 F and 36 Cl, respectively. It is also contemplated that a compound of the Formula I, a prodrug, thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of either which contains one or more of the above-mentioned isotopes and/or other iso-topes of other atoms are embodiments of the present invention.
  • An isotope-labeled compound of the Formula I can be used in a number of beneficial ways.
  • an isotope-labeled compound of the Formula I into which, for example, a radioisotope, such as 3 H or 14 C, has been incorporated is suitable for medicament and/or substrate tissue distribution assays.
  • radioisotopes i.e. tritium ( 3 H) and carbon-14 ( 14 C)
  • 3 H tritium
  • 14 C carbon-14
  • Incorporation of heavier isotopes, for example deuterium ( 2 H) into a compound of the Formula I may have therapeutic advantages owing to the higher metabolic stability of this isotope-labeled compound.
  • An isotope-labeled compound of the Formula I can adapted to the procedures disclosed in the synthesis schemes and the related description, in the example part and in the preparation part in the present text, replacing a non-isotope-labeled reactant by a readily available isotope-labeled reactant.
  • deuterium ( 2 H) may be incorporated into a compound of Formula (I), Formula (II), Formula (III), Formula (IV) and Formula (V).
  • deuterated compounds can modify the oxidative metabolism of said deuterated compound by means the primary kinetic isotope effect.
  • the primary kinetic isotope effect is a change of the rate for a chemical reaction that results from exchange of isotopic nuclei, which in turn is caused by the change in ground state energies necessary for covalent bond formation after this isotopic exchange.
  • Exchange of a heavier isotope usually results in a lowering of the ground state energy for a chemical bond and thus causes a reduction in the rate in rate-limiting bond breakage.
  • the product distribution ratios can be altered substantially.
  • a compound of Formula (I), Formula (II), Formula (III), Formula (IV) and Formula (V) which has multiple potential sites of attack for oxidative metabolism for example benzylic hydrogen atoms and hydrogen atoms bonded to a nitrogen atom, is prepared as a series of analogues in which various combinations of hydrogen atoms are replaced by deuterium atoms, so that some, most or all of these hydrogen atoms have been replaced by deuterium atoms.
  • Half-life determinations enable favorable and accurate determination of the extent of the extent to which the improve-ment in resistance to oxidative metabolism has improved. In this way, it can be determined that the half-life of the parent compound may be extended by up to 100% as the result of deuterium-hydrogen exchange of this type.
  • Deuterium-hydrogen exchange in a compound of Formula (I), Formula (II), Formula (III), Formula (IV) and Formula (V) can also be used to achieve a favorable modification of the metabolite spectrum of the starting compound in order to diminish or eliminate undesired toxic metabolites. For example, if a toxic metabolite arises through oxidative carbon-hydrogen (C—H) bond cleavage, it can reasonably be assumed that the deuterated analogue will greatly diminish or eliminate production of the unwanted metabolite, even if the particular oxidation is not a rate-determining step. Further information on the state of the art with respect to deuterium-hydrogen exchange may be found, for example in Hanzlik et al., J. Org. Chem.
  • the compounds of the present invention can be in the form of a prodrug compound.
  • “Prodrug compound” means a derivative that is converted into a biologically active compound according to the present invention under physiological conditions in the living body, e.g., by oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis or the like, each of which is carried out enzymatically, or without enzyme involvement.
  • prodrugs are compounds, wherein the amino group in a compound of the present invention is acylated, alkylated or phosphorylated, e.g., eicosanoylamino, alanylamino, pivaloyloxymethylamino or wherein the hydroxyl group is acylated, alkylated, phosphorylated or converted into the borate, e.g. acetyloxy, palmitoyloxy, pivaloyloxy, succinyloxy, fumaryloxy, alanyloxy or wherein the carboxyl group is esterified or amidated, or wherein a sulfhydryl group forms a disulfide bridge with a carrier molecule, e.g.
  • a peptide that delivers the drug selectively to a target and/or to the cytosol of a cell.
  • prodrugs are compounds, wherein the carboxylate in a compound of the present invention is for example converted into an alkyl-, aryl-, choline-, amino, acyloxymethylester, linolenoyl-ester.
  • Metabolites of compounds of the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention.
  • tautomerism e.g., keto-enol tautomerism
  • the individual forms e.g., the keto or the enol form
  • isomers can be separated by methods well known in the art, e.g. by liquid chromatography.
  • enantiomers e.g., by using chiral stationary phases.
  • enantiomers may be isolated by converting them into diastereomers, i.e., coupling with an enantiomerically pure auxiliary compound, subsequent separation of the resulting diastereomers and cleavage of the auxiliary residue.
  • any enantiomer of a compound of the present invention may be obtained from stereoselective synthesis using optically pure starting materials
  • the compounds of the present invention can be in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a solvate.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salts refers to salts prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic bases or acids, including inorganic bases or acids and organic bases or acids.
  • the invention also comprises their corresponding pharmaceutically or toxicologically acceptable salts, in particular their pharmaceutically utilizable salts.
  • the compounds of the present invention which contain acidic groups can be present in salt form, and can be used according to the invention, for example, as alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts or as ammonium salts.
  • salts include sodium salts, potassium salts, calcium salts, magnesium salts or salts with ammonia or organic amines such as, for example, ethylamine, ethanolamine, triethanolamine or amino acids.
  • Compounds of the present invention which contain one or more basic groups, i.e. groups which can be protonated, can be present in salt form, and can be used according to the invention in the form of their addition salts with inorganic or organic acids.
  • acids include hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, methanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, naphthalenedisulfonic acids, oxalic acid, acetic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, salicylic acid, benzoic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, pivalic acid, diethylacetic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, pimelic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, malic acid, sulfaminic acid, phenylpropionic acid, gluconic acid, ascorbic acid, isonicotinic acid, citric acid, adipic acid, and other acids known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the invention also includes, in addition to the salt forms mentioned, inner salts or betaines (zwitterions).
  • inner salts or betaines can be obtained by customary methods which are known to a person skilled in the art, for example by contacting these with an organic or inorganic acid or base in a solvent or dispersant, or by anion exchange or cation exchange with other salts.
  • the present invention also includes all salts of the compounds of the present invention which, owing to low physiological compatibility, are not directly suitable for use in pharmaceuticals but which can be used, for example, as intermediates for chemical reactions or for the preparation of pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
  • the present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of the present invention, or a prodrug compound thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof as an active ingredient together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • “Pharmaceutical composition” means one or more active ingredients, and one or more inert ingredients that make up the carrier, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination, complexation or aggregation of any two or more of the ingredients, or from dissociation of one or more of the ingredients, or from other types of reactions or interactions of one or more of the ingredients. Accordingly, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention encompass any composition made by admixing a compound of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may additionally comprise one or more other compounds as active ingredients, such as one or more additional compounds of the present invention, or a prodrug compound or other BTK inhibitors.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions include compositions suitable for oral, rectal, topical, parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous), ocular (ophthalmic), pulmonary (nasal or buccal inhalation), or nasal administration, although the most suitable route in any given case will depend on the nature and severity of the conditions being treated and on the nature of the active ingredient. They may be conveniently presented in unit dosage form and prepared by any of the methods well-known in the art of pharmacy.
  • said compounds and pharmaceutical composition, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug or hydrate thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier are for the treatment of cancer.
  • the invention also relates to the use of compounds according to the invention for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of cancer.
  • the compounds of the present invention can be combined as the active ingredient in intimate admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier according to conventional pharmaceutical compounding techniques.
  • the carrier may take a wide variety of forms depending on the form of preparation desired for administration, e.g., oral or parenteral (including intravenous).
  • any of the usual pharmaceutical media may be employed, such as, for example, water, glycols, oils, alcohols, flavoring agents, preservatives, coloring agents and the like.
  • any of the usual pharmaceutical media may be employed, such as, for example, suspensions, elixirs and solutions; or carriers such as starches, sugars, microcrystalline cellulose, diluents, granulating agents, lubricants, binders, disintegrating agents and the like.
  • the composition may take forms such as, for example, powders, hard and soft capsules and tablets, with the solid oral preparations being preferred over the liquid preparations.
  • tablets and capsules represent the most advantageous oral dosage unit form in which case solid pharmaceutical carriers are obviously employed. If desired, tablets may be coated by standard aqueous or nonaqueous techniques. Such compositions and preparations should contain at least 0.1 percent of active compound. The percentage of active compound in these compositions may, of course, be varied and may conveniently be between about 2 percent to about 60 percent of the weight of the unit. The amount of active compound in such therapeutically useful compositions is such that an effective dosage will be obtained.
  • the active compounds can also be administered intranasally as, for example, liquid drops or spray.
  • the tablets, pills, capsules, and the like may also contain a binder such as gum tragacanth, acacia, corn starch or gelatin; excipients such as dicalcium phosphate; a disintegrating agent such as corn starch, potato starch, alginic acid; a lubricant such as magnesium stearate; and a sweetening agent such as sucrose, lactose or saccharin.
  • a dosage unit form is a capsule, it may contain, in addition to materials of the above type, a liquid carrier such as a fatty oil.
  • tablets may be coated with shellac, sugar or both.
  • a syrup or elixir may contain, in addition to the active ingredient, sucrose as a sweetening agent, methyl and propylparabens as preservatives, a dye and a flavoring such as cherry or orange flavor.
  • Compounds of the present invention may also be administered parenterally. Solutions or suspensions of these active compounds can be prepared in water suitably mixed with a surfactant such as hydroxy-propylcellulose. Dispersions can also be prepared in glycerol, liquid polyethylene glycols and mixtures thereof in oils. Under ordinary conditions of storage and use, these preparations contain a preservative to prevent the growth of microorganisms.
  • the pharmaceutical forms suitable for injectable use include sterile aqueous solutions or dispersions and sterile powders for the extemporaneous preparation of sterile injectable solutions or dispersions.
  • the form must be sterile and must be fluid to the extent that easy syringability exists. It must be stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage and must be preserved against the contaminating action of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi.
  • the carrier can be a solvent or dispersion medium containing, for example, water, ethanol, polyol (e.g., glycerol, propylene glycol and liquid polyethylene glycol), suitable mixtures thereof, and vegetable oils.
  • Any suitable route of administration may be employed for providing a mammal, especially a human, with an effective dose of a compound of the present invention.
  • oral, rectal, topical, parenteral, ocular, pulmonary, nasal, and the like may be employed.
  • Dosage forms include tablets, troches, dispersions, suspensions, solutions, capsules, creams, ointments, aerosols, and the like.
  • compounds of the present invention are administered orally.
  • the effective dosage of active ingredient employed may vary depending on the particular compound employed, the mode of administration, the condition being treated and the severity of the condition being treated. Such dosage may be ascertained readily by a person skilled in the art.
  • the invention provides a capsule comprising the compound as described above.
  • the capsule comprises about 20 mg to about 100 mg of the compound of the invention.
  • the capsule comprises about 80 mg of the compound of the invention.
  • the capsule comprises about 160 mg of the compound of the invention.
  • the capsule comprises about 600 mg of the compound of the invention.
  • the capsule comprises about 900 mg of the compound of the invention.
  • the compound is N-[(1-acryloylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5-(4-phenoxyphenyl)pyrimidine-4,6-diamine (A250) or 1-(4-(((6-amino-5-(4-phenoxyphenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)methyl)-4-fluoropiperidin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (A225).
  • the compound is N-[(1-acryloylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5-(4-phenoxyphenyl)pyrimidine-4,6-diamine (A250).
  • the compound is 1-(4-(((6-amino-5-(4-phenoxyphenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)methyl)-4-fluoropiperidin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (A225).
  • the invention is directed towards a method of treating a cancer as described herein, comprising the step of administering to a subject the capsule, as described above, once per day.
  • the cancer is Relapsed/Refractory B Cell Malignancies.
  • the cancer is selected from Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma mantle cell lymphoma, and Non-Hodgkins's Lymphoma diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, including abc subtype.
  • the invention also relates to a set (kit) consisting of separate packs of
  • the set comprises suitable containers, such as boxes, individual bottles, bags or ampoules.
  • the set may, for example, comprise separate ampoules, each containing an effective amount of a compound according to the invention and/or pharmaceutically usable derivatives, solvates and stereoisomers thereof, including mixtures thereof in all ratios, and an effective amount of a further medicament active ingredient in dissolved or lyophilised form.
  • the Mosaic Spot Assay was conducted in accordance with Mosaic Laboratories' SOPs.
  • the CLL blood and bone marrow mononuclear cells were evaluated for viability and cell count prior to plating in Mosaic Spot Media (X-Vivo 10 Media [Lonza, Fisher Scientific, Carlsbad, Calif.]+10% FBS [Life Technologies, Carlsbad, Calif.]) in a 96-well cytophobic plate in the presence of compounds and two controls: 1) a cytotoxic dose of cisplatin serving as a positive control; and 2) no drug treatment serving as a reference and negative control.
  • Tumor cells were placed in a humidified 37° C. incubator with 5% CO2 for 4 days.
  • GI Growth Inhibition
  • T is the signal measure for a test article at seventy-two hours
  • V is the untreated/vehicle-treated control measure
  • V 0 is the untreated/vehicle control measure at time zero (also colloquially referred as T 0 plates).
  • This formula was derived from the Growth Inhibition calculation used in the National Cancer Institute's NCI-60 high throughput screen.
  • a GI reading of 0% represents no growth inhibition and occured in instances where the T reading at seventy-two hours were comparable to the V reading at the respective time period.
  • a GI 100% represents complete growth inhibition (cytostasis) and in this case cells treated with compound for seventy-two hours had the same endpoint reading as T 0 control cells.
  • a GI of 200% represents complete death (cytoxicity) of all cells in the culture well and in this case the T reading at seventy-two hours was lower than the T 0 control (values near or at zero).

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WO2020234715A1 (en) 2019-05-17 2020-11-26 Novartis Ag Nlrp3 inflammasome inhibitors
WO2022034529A1 (en) 2020-08-14 2022-02-17 Novartis Ag Heteroaryl substituted spiropiperidinyl derivatives and pharmaceutical uses thereof
US11866421B2 (en) 2021-05-31 2024-01-09 Epigen Biosciences, Inc. Pyrimidine and pyridine amine compounds and usage thereof in disease treatment
WO2024028782A1 (en) 2022-08-03 2024-02-08 Novartis Ag Nlrp3 inflammasome inhibitors

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