US20160031868A1 - Benzimidazolone derivatives as bromodomain inhibitors - Google Patents

Benzimidazolone derivatives as bromodomain inhibitors Download PDF

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Publication number
US20160031868A1
US20160031868A1 US14/774,019 US201414774019A US2016031868A1 US 20160031868 A1 US20160031868 A1 US 20160031868A1 US 201414774019 A US201414774019 A US 201414774019A US 2016031868 A1 US2016031868 A1 US 2016031868A1
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Prior art keywords
dimethylisoxazol
mmol
benzo
imidazol
alkyl
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US14/774,019
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Inventor
Evangelos Aktoudianakis
Gregory Chin
Britton Kenneth Corkey
Jinfa Du
Kristyna Elbel
Robert H. Jiang
Tetsuya Kobayashi
Ruben Martinez
Samuel E. Metobo
Michael Mish
Sophie Shevick
David Sperandio
Hai Yang
Jeff Zablocki
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Gilead Sciences Inc
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Gilead Sciences Inc
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Priority to US14/774,019 priority Critical patent/US20160031868A1/en
Assigned to GILEAD SCIENCES, INC. reassignment GILEAD SCIENCES, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CHIN, Gregory, DU, JINFA, ELBEL, Kristyna, MISH, MICHAEL R., SHEVICK, Sophie
Assigned to GILEAD SCIENCES, INC. reassignment GILEAD SCIENCES, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MARTINEZ, RUBEN, JIANG, Robert H., AKTOUDIANAKIS, EVANGELOS, METOBO, SAMUEL E., SPERANDIO, DAVID, YANG, HAI, CORKEY, Britton Kenneth, KOBAYASHI, TETSUYA, ZABLOCKI, JEFF
Assigned to GILEAD SCIENCES, INC. reassignment GILEAD SCIENCES, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CHIN, Gregory, DU, JINFA, ELBEL, Kristyna, MISH, MICHAEL, SHEVICK, Sophie, MARTINEZ, RUBEN, JIANG, Robert H., AKTOUDIANAKIS, EVANGELOS, METOBO, SAMUEL E., SPERANDIO, DAVID, YANG, HAI, CORKEY, Britton Kenneth, KOBAYASHI, TETSUYA, ZABLOCKI, JEFF
Publication of US20160031868A1 publication Critical patent/US20160031868A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D413/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D413/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
    • C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings

Definitions

  • This application relates to chemical compounds which may inhibit or otherwise modulate the activity of a bromodomain-containing protein, including bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), and to compositions and formulations containing such compounds, and methods of using and making such compounds.
  • a bromodomain-containing protein including bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4)
  • the bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) family of proteins are readers of the epigenetic code that couple acetylation of lysine residues on histones to changes in chromatin structure and gene expression.
  • the BET family includes BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and BRDT, all of which are widely expressed across diverse tissues, with the exception of the BRDT, whose expression is restricted to the testes. See Wu, S. Y. & Chiang, C. M., J. Biol. Chem., 282: 13141-13145 (2007).
  • Each BET family member contains tandem bromodomains in the N-terminal regions that specifically bind acelyated lysine residues in histones H3 and H4. Id.
  • BET proteins recruit protein complexes that modulate gene transcription either directly, such as transcriptional activators or repressors, or indirectly such as chromatin remodeling complexes.
  • BRD4 is the most well studied member of the BET family and is known to preferentially recognize tetra-acelyated histone H4 epigenetic marks. See Filippakopoulos, P., et al., Cell, 149: 214-231 (2012). BRD4 recruits the p-TEFb complex to nucleosomes, which in turn phosphorylates the C-terminal tail of RNA polymerase II and increases the transcriptional elongation of neighboring genes. See Yang, Z., et al., Mol. Cell Biol., 28: 967-976 (2008); Urano, E., et al., FEBS Lett., 582: 4053-4058 (2008).
  • the epigenetic code including histone acetylation, is highly perturbed in many pathological disease states, resulting in the aberrant expression of genes that control cell fate, cell differentiation, cell survival, and inflammatory processes. See, e.g., Cohen, I., et al., Genes Cancer, 2: 631-647 (2011); Brooks, W. H., et al., J. Autoimmun., 34: J207-219 (2010); Wierda, R. J., et al., J. Cell Mol. Med., 14: 1225-1240 (2010); Shirodkar, A. V. & Marsden, P. A., Curr. Opin. Cardiol., 26: 209-215 (2011); Villeneuve, L.
  • BET proteins including BRD4 have been identified as important mediators of altered gene expression profiles found in numerous diseases including cancer, diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular and renal disorders, and viral infection. See Muller, S., et al., Expert Rev. Mol. Med., 13: e29 (2011); Zhou, M., et al., J. Virol., 83: 1036-1044 (2009); Chung, C. W., et al., J. Med. Chem., 54: 3827-3838 (2011).
  • MYC has been implicated in the majority of human cancers and BET proteins have been identified as regulatory factors of c-Myc; inhibition of BET, including BRD4, has been shown to downregulate MYC transcription.
  • BET BET proteins
  • Another aspect provides for a compound selected from the group consisting the title compounds listed in Examples 1 to 201.
  • Another aspect provides for a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • Another aspect provides for a use of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in therapy.
  • Such aspects include use of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment of a subject having a disease or condition responsive to the inhibition of a bromodomain-containing protein; and use of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a human having a disease or condition responsive to the inhibition of a bromodomain-containing protein.
  • Another aspect provides for a method of treating a subject having a disease or condition responsive to the inhibition of a bromodomain-containing protein, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the bromodomain-containing protein is BRD4.
  • the disease or condition is an autoimmune disease, an inflammatory disease, a neurodegenerative disease, a cancer, a cardiovascular disorder, a renal disorder, a viral infection, or obesity.
  • the disease or condition is chosen from rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, atherosclerosis, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, chronic obstructive airways disease, pneumonitis, dermatitis, alopecia, nephritis, vasculitis, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, sclerosing cholangitis, diabetes (including type I diabetes), acute rejection of transplanted organs, lymphomas, multiple myelomas, leukemias, neoplasms and solid tumors.
  • the disease or condition is a solid tumor of the colon, rectum, prostate, lung, pancreas, liver, kidney, cervix, stomach, ovaries, breast, skin, brain, meninges, or central nervous system (including a neuroblastoma or a glioblastoma).
  • the disease or condition is a lymphoma.
  • the disease or condition is a B-cell lymphoma.
  • the disease or condition is Burkitt's lymphoma.
  • the disease or condition is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
  • the disease or condition is multiple myeloma.
  • the disease or condition is a carcinoma.
  • the disease or condition is NUT midline cardinoma.
  • the subject is a human.
  • Another aspect provides for a method of downregulating or decreasing MYC transcription in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a compound of Formula (I). Another aspect provides for a method of treating a disease or condition in a subject in which activation of MYC is implicated, comprising administering to the subject a compound of Formula (I).
  • the compound is administered intravenously, intramuscularly, parenterally, nasally, or orally. In one aspect, the compound is administered orally.
  • Also provided is a method of inhibiting a bromodomain in a subject comprising providing to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof acceptable salt thereof. Also provided is a method of inhibiting a bromodomain in a cell, comprising providing to the cell a compound of Formula (I). It is understood that providing to the cell may be accomplished by administering the compound to the subject. Also provided is a method of inhibiting a bromodomain, comprising contacting the bromodomain with a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • kits that include a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the kit further includes instructions for use.
  • a kit includes a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and instructions for use of the compounds in the treatment of the diseases or conditions described above.
  • the container may be a vial, jar, ampoule, preloaded syringe, or an intravenous bag.
  • Described herein are compounds of Formula (I), which include compounds of Formulae (Ia) and (Ib), compositions and formulations containing such compounds, and methods of using and making such compounds.
  • R 1a and R 1b are each independently C 1 -C 6 alkyl. In some compounds of Formula (I), R 1a and R 1b are each independently methyl, ethyl, or propyl. In some compounds of Formula (I), R 1a and R 1b are different. In some compounds of Formula (I), R 1a and R 1b are the same. In some compounds of Formula (I), R 1a and R 1b are both methyl.
  • R 2a and R 2b are both H. In some compounds of Formula (I), R 2a and R 2b are both halo. In some compounds of Formula (I), one of R 2a and R 2b is H and the other is halo. In some compounds of Formula (I), the halo is —F or —Cl.
  • X is N-Q.
  • Q is H, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, or C 1 -C 3 haloalkyl.
  • R 3 is C 5 -C 10 aryl, C 5 -C 10 heteroaryl, or C 5 -C 10 heteroarylalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted with from 1 to 5 R 20 groups.
  • R 3 is phenyl, oxetanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, furanyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, thiophenyl, pyrrolyl, pyrrolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, dioxolanayl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyranyl, pyridinyl, piperidinyl, dioxanyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, piperazinyl, tri
  • R 3 is a moiety of the formula
  • R 6 is H, OH, or halogen; and R 7 and R 8 are each independently C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, C 1 -C 6 heteroalkyl, C 5 -C 12 aryl, C 5 -C 12 heteroaryl, or C 5 -C 12 heteroarylalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted with from 1 to 5 R 20 groups.
  • R 6 is OH.
  • R 7 and R 8 are each independently C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, C 1 -C 6 heteroalkyl, C 5 -C 12 aryl, C 5 -C 12 heteroaryl, or C 5 -C 12 heteroarylalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted with from 1 to 5 R 20 groups.
  • R 7 and R 8 are each independently C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 6 aryl or C 6 heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with from 1 to 5 R 20 groups.
  • R 7 and R 8 are each independently C 6 aryl or C 6 heteroaryl (e.g.
  • R 7 and R 8 are each independently C 1 -C 6 alkyl, each of which is optionally substituted with from 1 to 5 R 20 groups.
  • R 3 include the following:
  • R 3 Additional non-limiting examples of R 3 include the following:
  • the compound of Formula (I) may be any of the following compounds:
  • the compound of Formula (I) may be any of the following compounds:
  • a dash at the front or end of a chemical group is a matter of convenience; chemical groups may be depicted with or without one or more dashes without losing their ordinary meaning.
  • a wavy line drawn through a line in a structure indicates a point of attachment of a group.
  • a dashed line indicates an optional bond.
  • no directionality is indicated or implied by the order in which a chemical group is written. For instance, the group “—SO 2 CH 2 —” is equivalent to “—CH 2 SO 2 —” and both may be connected in either direction.
  • the prefix “C u-v ” indicates that the following group has from u to v carbon atoms, one or more of which, in certain groups (e.g. heteroalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, etc.), may be replaced with one or more heteroatoms or heteroatomic groups. For example, “C 1 -6 alkyl” indicates that the alkyl group has from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • a divalent group such as a divalent “alkyl” group, a divalent “aryl” group, etc., may also be referred to as an “alkylene” group or an “alkylenyl” group, an “arylene” group or an “arylenyl” group, respectively.
  • Alkyl refers to any group derived from a linear or branched saturated hydrocarbon. Alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyls such as propan-1-yl, propan-2-yl (iso-propyl), butyls such as butan-1-yl, butan-2-yl (sec-butyl), 2-methyl-propan-1-yl (iso-butyl), 2-methyl-propan-2-yl (t-butyl), pentyls, hexyls, octyls, decyls, and the like. Unless otherwise specified, an alkyl group has from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, for example from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, for example from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • Alkenyl refers to any group derived from a straight or branched hydrocarbon with at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Alkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, ethenyl (vinyl), propenyl (allyl), 1-butenyl, 1,3-butadienyl, and the like. Unless otherwise specified, an alkenyl group has from 2 to about 10 carbon atoms, for example from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, for example from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, for example from 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • Alkynyl refers to any group derived from a straight or branched hydrocarbon with at least one carbon-carbon triple bond and includes those groups having one triple bond and one double bond.
  • alkynyl groups include, but are not limited to, ethynyl (—C ⁇ CH), propargyl (—CH 2 C ⁇ CH), (E)-pent-3-en-1-ynyl, and the like.
  • an alkynyl group has from 2 to about 10 carbon atoms, for example from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, for example from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, for example from 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • Aryl refers to any group derived from one or more aromatic rings, that is, a single aromatic ring, a bicyclic or a multicyclic ring system.
  • Aryl groups include, but are not limited to, those groups derived from acenaphthylene, anthracene, azulene, benzene, chrysene, a cyclopentadienyl anion, naphthalene, fluoranthene, fluorene, indane, perylene, phenalene, phenanthrene, pyrene and the like.
  • Arylalkyl refers to any combination of one or more aryl groups and one or more alkyl groups.
  • Arylalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, those groups derived from benzyl, tolyl, dimethylphenyl, 2-phenylethan-1-yl, 2-naphthylmethyl, phenylmethylbenzyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronapthyl, and the like.
  • An arylalkyl group comprises from 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, for example the alkyl group can comprise from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms and the aryl group can comprise from 5 to about 20 carbon atoms.
  • Cycloalkyl refers to a cyclic alkyl group.
  • a cycloalkyl group can have one or more cyclic rings and includes fused and bridged groups. Examples include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, adamantyl, methylcycloproyl (cyclopropylmethyl), ethylcyclopropyl, and the like.
  • Halo and halogen refer to fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo.
  • Haloalkyl refers to an alkyl wherein one or more hydrogen atoms are each replaced by a halogen. Examples include, but are not limited to, —CH 2 Cl, —CH 2 F, —CH 2 Br, —CFClBr, —CH 2 CH 2 Cl, —CH 2 CH 2 F, —CF 3 , —CH 2 CF 3 , —CH 2 CCl 3 , and the like, as well as alkyl groups such as perfluoroalkyl in which all hydrogen atoms are replaced by fluorine atoms.
  • Heteroalkyl refers to an alkyl in which one or more of the carbon atoms (and any associated hydrogen atoms) are each independently replaced with the same or different heteroatom or heteroatomic group. Heteroatoms include, but are not limited to, N, P, O, S, etc. Heteroatomic groups include, but are not limited to, —NR—, —O—, —S—, —PH—, —P(O) 2 —, —S(O)—, —S(O) 2 —, and the like, where R is H, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl or cycloheteroalkyl.
  • heteroalkyl includes heterocycloalkyl (a cyclic heteroalkyl group), alkyl-heterocycloalkyl (a linear or branched C1-C6 alkyl group attached to a cyclic heteroalkyl group), and the like.
  • Heteroalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, —OCH 3 , —CH 2 OCH 3 , —SCH 3 , —CH 2 SCH 3 , —NRCH 3 , —CH 2 NRCH 3 , and the like, where R is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroalkyl, or heteroaryl, each of which may be optionally substituted.
  • a heteroalkyl group comprises from 1 to about 10 carbon and hetero atoms, e.g., from 1 to 6 carbon and hetero atoms.
  • Heteroaryl refers to an aryl group in which one or more of the carbon atoms (and any associated hydrogen atoms) are each independently replaced with the same or different heteroatom or heteroatomic group, as defined above.
  • Heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, groups derived from acridine, benzoimidazole, benzothiophene, benzofuran, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, carbazole, carboline, cinnoline, furan, imidazole, imidazopyridine, indazole, indole, indoline, indolizine, isobenzofuran, isochromene, isoindole, isoindoline, isoquinoline, isothiazole, isoxazole, naphthyridine, oxadiazole, oxazole, perimidine, phenanthridine, phenanthroline, phenazine, phthalazine,
  • Heteroarylalkyl refers to an arylalkyl group in which one or more carbon atoms (and any associated hydrogen atoms) are independently replaced with the same or different heteroatoms or heteratomic groups, as defined above.
  • Heteroarylalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, groups derived from heteroaryl groups with alkyl substituents (e.g. methylpyridines, ethylthiophenes, methylthiazoles, dimethylisoxazoles, etc.), hydrogenated heteroaryl groups (dihydroquinolines, e.g. 3,4-dihydroquinoline, dihydroisoquinolines, e.g.
  • Heterocycle refers to a single saturated or partially unsaturated non-aromatic ring or a non-aromatic multiple-ring system with at least one heteroatom or heteroatomic group, as defined above.
  • Heterocycles include, but are not limited to, groups derived from azetidine, aziridine, imidazolidine, morpholine, oxirane (epoxide), oxetane, piperazine, piperidine, pyrazolidine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, pyrrolidinone, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrothiophene, dihydropyridine, tetrahydropyridine, quinuclidine, N-bromopyrrolidine, N-chloropiperidine, and the like.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable refers to that substance which is generally regarded as safe and suitable for use without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response, and the like, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
  • “Pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to a salt of a compound that is pharmaceutically acceptable and that possesses (or can be converted to a form that possesses) the desired pharmacological activity of the parent compound.
  • Such salts include acid addition salts formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like; or formed with organic acids such as acetic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, benzoic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, citric acid, ethanesulfonic acid, fumaric acid, glucoheptonic acid, gluconic acid, lactic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, 2-napththalenesulfonic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, propionic acid, stearic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid,
  • ammonium and substituted or quaternized ammonium salts are also included in this definition.
  • Representative non-limiting lists of pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be found in S. M. Berge et al., J. Pharma Sci., 66(1), 1-19 (1977), and Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, R. Hendrickson, ed., 21st edition, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, Pa., (2005), at p. 732, Table 38-5, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein.
  • Subject and “subjects” refers to humans, domestic animals (e.g., dogs and cats), farm animals (e.g., cattle, horses, sheep, goats and pigs), laboratory animals (e.g., mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, pigs, rabbits, dogs, and monkeys), and the like.
  • domestic animals e.g., dogs and cats
  • farm animals e.g., cattle, horses, sheep, goats and pigs
  • laboratory animals e.g., mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, pigs, rabbits, dogs, and monkeys
  • Treating” and “treatment” of a disease include the following:
  • Effective amount refers to an amount that may be effective to elicit the desired biological, clinical, or medical response, including the amount of a compound that, when administered to a subject for treating a disease, is sufficient to effect such treatment.
  • the effective amount will vary depending on the compound, the disease and its severity and the age, weight, etc., of the subject to be treated.
  • the effective amount can include a range of amounts.
  • n is the number of hydrogen atoms in the molecule.
  • the deuterium atom is a non-radioactive isotope of the hydrogen atom.
  • Such compounds exhibit may increase resistance to metabolism, and thus may be useful for increasing the half-life of the compounds when administered to a mammal. See, e.g., Foster, “Deuterium Isotope Effects in Studies of Drug Metabolism,” Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 5(12):524-527 (1984).
  • Such compounds are synthesized by means well known in the art, for example by employing starting materials in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by deuterium.
  • compositions of compounds of Formula (I) may be administered in either single or multiple doses by any of the accepted modes of administration of agents having similar utilities, for example as described in those patents and patent applications incorporated by reference, including rectal, buccal, intranasal and transdermal routes, by intra-arterial injection, intravenously, intraperitoneally, parenterally, intramuscularly, subcutaneously, orally, topically, as an inhalant, or via an impregnated or coated device such as a stent, for example, or an artery-inserted cylindrical polymer.
  • agents having similar utilities for example as described in those patents and patent applications incorporated by reference, including rectal, buccal, intranasal and transdermal routes, by intra-arterial injection, intravenously, intraperitoneally, parenterally, intramuscularly, subcutaneously, orally, topically, as an inhalant, or via an impregnated or coated device such as a stent, for example, or an artery-inserted cylindrical polymer.
  • the compounds described herein may be administered orally. Oral administration may be via, for example, capsule or enteric coated tablets.
  • Oral administration may be via, for example, capsule or enteric coated tablets.
  • the active ingredient is usually diluted by an excipient and/or enclosed within such a carrier that can be in the form of a capsule, sachet, paper or other container.
  • the excipient serves as a diluent, it can be in the form of a solid, semi-solid, or liquid material (as above), which acts as a vehicle, carrier or medium for the active ingredient.
  • compositions can be in the form of tablets, pills, powders, lozenges, sachets, cachets, elixirs, suspensions, emulsions, solutions, syrups, aerosols (as a solid or in a liquid medium), ointments containing, for example, up to 10% by weight of the active compound, soft and hard gelatin capsules, sterile injectable solutions, and sterile packaged powders.
  • excipients include lactose, dextrose, sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol, starches, gum acacia, calcium phosphate, alginates, tragacanth, gelatin, calcium silicate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose, sterile water, syrup, and methyl cellulose.
  • the formulations can additionally include: lubricating agents such as talc, magnesium stearate, and mineral oil; wetting agents; emulsifying and suspending agents; preserving agents such as methyl and propylhydroxy-benzoates; sweetening agents; and flavoring agents.
  • compositions that include at least one compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, prodrug, or solvate thereof can be formulated so as to provide quick, sustained or delayed release of the active ingredient after administration to the subject by employing procedures known in the art.
  • Controlled release drug delivery systems for oral administration include osmotic pump systems and dissolutional systems containing polymer-coated reservoirs or drug-polymer matrix formulations. Examples of controlled release systems are given in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,845,770; 4,326,525; 4,902,514; and 5,616,345.
  • Another formulation for use in the methods of the present invention employs transdermal delivery devices (“patches”).
  • transdermal patches may be used to provide continuous or discontinuous infusion of the compounds of the present invention in controlled amounts.
  • the construction and use of transdermal patches for the delivery of pharmaceutical agents is well known in the art. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,023,252, 4,992,445 and 5,001,139.
  • Such patches may be constructed for continuous, pulsatile, or on demand delivery of pharmaceutical agents.
  • compositions may, in some embodiments, be formulated in a unit dosage form.
  • unit dosage forms refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages for human subjects and other mammals, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active material calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect, in association with a suitable pharmaceutical excipient (e.g., a tablet, capsule, ampoule).
  • the compounds are generally administered in a pharmaceutically effective amount.
  • each dosage unit contains from about 10 mg to about 1000 mg of a compound described herein, for example from about 50 mg to about 500 mg, for example about 50 mg, about 75 mg, about 100 mg, about 150 mg, about 200 mg, about 250 mg, or about 300 mg.
  • each dosage unit contains from 0.1 to 700 mg of a compound a compound described herein. It will be understood, however, that the amount of the compound actually administered usually will be determined by a physician, in the light of the relevant circumstances, including the condition to be treated, the chosen route of administration, the actual compound administered and its relative activity, the age, weight, and response of the individual subject, and the severity of the subject's symptoms.
  • dosage levels may be from 0.1 mg to 100 mg per kilogram of body weight per day, for example from about 1 mg to about 50 mg per kilogram, for example from about 5 mg to about 30 mg per kilogram. Such dosage levels may, in certain instances, be useful in the treatment of the above-indicated conditions. In other embodiments, dosage levels may be from about 10 mg to about 2000 mg per subject per day.
  • the amount of active ingredient that may be combined with the vehicle to produce a single dosage form will vary depending upon the host treated and the particular mode of administration. Dosage unit forms may contain from 1 mg to 500 mg of an active ingredient.
  • Frequency of dosage may also vary depending on the compound used and the particular disease or condition treated. In some embodiments, for example, for the treatment of an autoimmune and/or inflammatory disease, a dosage regimen of 4 times daily or less is used. In some embodiments, a dosage regimen of 1 or 2 times daily is used. It will be understood, however, that the specific dose level for any particular subject will depend upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specific compound employed, the age, body weight, general health, sex, diet, time of administration, route of administration, and rate of excretion, drug combination and the severity of the particular disease in the subject undergoing therapy.
  • the principal active ingredient may be mixed with a pharmaceutical excipient to form a solid preformulation composition containing a homogeneous mixture of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, prodrug, or solvate thereof.
  • a pharmaceutical excipient for preparing solid compositions such as tablets, the principal active ingredient may be mixed with a pharmaceutical excipient to form a solid preformulation composition containing a homogeneous mixture of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, prodrug, or solvate thereof.
  • the active ingredient may be dispersed evenly throughout the composition so that the composition may be readily subdivided into equally effective unit dosage forms such as tablets, pills and capsules.
  • the tablets or pills of the compounds described herein may be coated or otherwise compounded to provide a dosage form affording the advantage of prolonged action, or to protect from the acid conditions of the stomach.
  • the tablet or pill can comprise an inner dosage and an outer dosage component, the latter being in the form of an envelope over the former.
  • the two components can be separated by an enteric layer that serves to resist disintegration in the stomach and permit the inner component to pass intact into the duodenum or to be delayed in release.
  • enteric layers or coatings such materials including a number of polymeric acids and mixtures of polymeric acids with such materials as shellac, cetyl alcohol, and cellulose acetate.
  • Kits that include a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, thereof, and suitable packaging are provided.
  • a kit further includes instructions for use.
  • a kit includes a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and instructions for use of the compounds in the treatment of the diseases or conditions described herein.
  • Articles of manufacture that include a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in a suitable container are provided.
  • the container may be a vial, jar, ampoule, preloaded syringe, and intravenous bag.
  • Compounds of Formula (I) may be combined with one or more additional anti-cancer or anti-inflammatory agents, including any of the following.
  • additional anti-cancer or anti-inflammatory agents including any of the following.
  • Various kinase inhibitors are being used and are being developed to treat various cancers. For example, the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is observed in human cancer, and agents inhibiting PI3K are being investigated or developed as potential anti-cancer drugs and for the use in anti-cancer therapies.
  • Additional kinase inhibitors include inhibitors of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and Janus kinase (JAK).
  • agents inhibiting related pathways are also of interest as anti-cancer or anti-inflammatory agents, including agents inhibiting the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway and the PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathway.
  • agents inhibiting the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway and the PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathway include agents that inhibit all subclasses of a target (e.g. PI3K alpha, beta, delta and gamma), agents that inhibit primarily one subclass, and agents that inhibit a subset of all subclasses.
  • Compounds of Formula (I) may also be combined with one or more additional anti-cancer or anti-inflammatory agents including inhibitors or antagonists of lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2), and inhibitors or antagonists of adenosine A2B receptor.
  • LXL2 lysyl oxidase-like 2
  • compounds of Formula (I) may be combined with one or more kinase inhibitors.
  • kinase inhibitors include PI3K inhibitors, Syk inhibitors and JAK inhibitors.
  • PI3K inhibitors examples include Compound A, Compound B, and Compound C:
  • PI3K inhibitors include XL147, BKM120, GDC-0941, BAY80-6946, PX-866, CH5132799, XL756, BEZ235, and GDC-0980.
  • Inhibitors of mTOR include OSI-027, AZD2014, and CC-223.
  • Inhibitors of AKT include MK-2206, GDC-0068 and GSK795.
  • Syk inhibitors examples include compound D:
  • Additional Syk inhibitors include R788 (fostamatinib), R-406 (tamatinib), and PRT062607.
  • JAK inhibitors examples include Compound E:
  • JAK inhibitors include Ruxolitinib, Tofacitinib, Baricitinib, CYT387, Lestaurtinib, Pacritinib, and TG101348.
  • compounds of Formula (I) may be combined with one or more inhibitors or modulators (e.g. antagonists) of LOXL2, adenosine A2B receptor, MMP-9, ASK1, BTK, mTOR, HDAC, and MEK.
  • inhibitors or modulators e.g. antagonists
  • LOXL2 adenosine A2B receptor
  • MMP-9 adenosine A2B receptor
  • ASK1, BTK mTOR
  • HDAC HDAC
  • MEK MEK
  • compounds of Formula (I) may be combined with one or more components of CHOP therapy (cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, Vincristine, Prednisolone).
  • CHOP therapy cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, Vincristine, Prednisolone
  • compounds of Formula (I) may be combined with one or more of ribavirin and interferon.
  • compounds of Formula (I) may be combined with one or more agents that activate or reactivate latent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
  • HIV latent human immunodeficiency virus
  • compounds of Formula (I) may be combined with a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor (listed above) or a protein kinase C (PKC) activator.
  • HDAC histone deacetylase
  • PLC protein kinase C
  • compounds of Formula (I) may be combined with romidepsin or panobinostat.
  • Flash chromatography was performed on an Isco Combiflash Companion using RediSep Rf silica gel cartridges by Teledyne Isco. Thin layer chromatography was performed using precoated plates purchased from E. Merck (silica gel 60 PF254, 0.25 mm) and spots were visualized with long-wave ultraviolet light followed by an appropriate staining reagent.
  • NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance
  • 1H NMR information is tabulated in the following format: multiplicity (s, singlet; d, doublet; t, triplet; q, quartet; m, multiplet), coupling constant(s) (J) in Hertz, number of protons.
  • the prefix app is occasionally applied in cases where the true signal multiplicity was unresolved and br indicates the signal in question was broadened.
  • LCMS analysis was performed using a PE SCIEX API 2000 spectrometer with a Phenomenex Luna 5 micron C18 column.
  • Preparatory HPLC was performed on a Gilson HPLC 215 liquid handler with a Phenomenex column (Gemini 10 ⁇ , C18, 110A) and a UV/VIS 156 detector.
  • the compound of Formula (1-a) can be prepared by Suzuki coupling of a compound of commercially available compound of Formula (a) to commercially available isoxazole boronic acid ester shown above in the presence of a base.
  • Substituents X in compound (a) may be any appropriate leaving group (e.g., Cl, Br, I, OTf).
  • Suitable catalysts may include palladium catalysts, such as (1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolidene)(3-chloropyridyl) palladium(II) dichloride (Peppsi-iPr).
  • Suitable bases may include, for example, cesium carbonate or 1,8-diazobicycloundec-7-ene.
  • Suitable solvents may include a combination of organic solvents and water, including, for example, 1,4-dioxane, THF, dimethoxyethane or dimethylformamide and water.
  • the reaction is carried out in an appropriate solvent under nitrogen, at an elevated temperature of about 70° C. to 150° C., for about 30 seconds to 5 hours. When the reaction is substantially complete, the reaction is allowed to cool to room temperature.
  • the reaction mixture can be partitioned between an aqueous phase and an organic phase.
  • the compound of Formula (B-1) can be prepared by Suzuki coupling of a compound of commercially available compound chloro-bromo substituted aromatic heterocycle which may bear an additional heteroaryl ring as shown above as two variable attachment bonds to commercially available isoxazole boronic acid ester shown above in the presence of a base.
  • Suitable catalysts may include palladium catalysts, such as [1,1′-Bis(diphenylphosphino) ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II).
  • Suitable bases may include, for example, cesium carbonate or 1,8-diazobicycloundec-7-ene.
  • Suitable solvents may include a combination of organic solvents and water, including, for example, 1,4-dioxane, THF, dimethoxyethane or dimethylformamide and water.
  • the reaction is carried out in an appropriate solvent under nitrogen, at an elevated temperature of about 70° C. to 150° C., for about 30 seconds to 5 hours. When the reaction is substantially complete, the reaction is allowed to cool to room temperature.
  • the reaction mixture can be partitioned between an aqueous phase and an organic phase. The aqueous phase is discarded, and the organic phase concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue is purified by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography, eluting with an appropriate solvent mixture such as acetonitrile and water, to isolate compounds of Formula (B-1).
  • the compound of Formula (B-1) may also be purified by other conventional means, such as silica gel chromatography.
  • the compound of Formula (B-2) can be prepared by Suzuki coupling of a compound of Formula (B-1) to commercially available boronic acid derivatives bearing substituent R 3 as defined in the specification for compounds of Formula (I).
  • Suitable catalysts may include palladium catalysts, such as (1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolidene)(3-chloropyridyl) palladium(II) dichloride (Peppsi-iPr).
  • Suitable bases may include, for example, cesium carbonate or 1,8-diazobicycloundec-7-ene.
  • Suitable solvents may include a combination of organic solvents and water, including, for example, 1,4-dioxane, THF, dimethoxyethane or dimethylformamide and water.
  • the reaction is carried out in an appropriate solvent under nitrogen, at an elevated temperature of about 70° C. to 150° C., for about 30 seconds to 5 hours. When the reaction is substantially complete, the reaction is allowed to cool to room temperature.
  • the reaction mixture can be partitioned between an aqueous phase and an organic phase. The aqueous phase is discarded, and the organic phase concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue is purified by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography, eluting with an appropriate solvent mixture such as acetonitrile and water, to isolate compounds of Formula (B-2).
  • An appropriate carbony-delivering reagent is reacted with the compound of Formula (C-1) (with substituent Q as either H or methyl) in an appropriate solvent, and allowed to react for a period of time such as 1-5 hours at an elevated temperature of 80-150° C.
  • Appropriate solvents include organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran.
  • the compound of (C-1) is isolated by removal of solvent under vacuum and purification by conventional means, such as recrystallization or trituration in an appropriate solvent mixture, such as hexanes and ethyl acetate.
  • the compound of Formula (C-2) can be prepared by Suzuki coupling of a compound of Formula (C-1) to boronic acid shown above in the presence of a base.
  • boronic acid is substituted with carbon-linked phenyl, naphthyl, or heteroaryl R 3 group as defined in the specification for compounds of Formula (I).
  • boronate esters, or other appropriate boron complexes i.e. —BF 3 K salts, etc. may also be used in place of a boronic acid.
  • Suitable catalysts may include palladium catalysts, such as (1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolidene)(3-chloropyridyl) palladium(II) dichloride (Peppsi-iPr).
  • Suitable bases may include, for example, cesium carbonate or 1,8-diazobicycloundec-7-ene.
  • Suitable solvents may include a combination of organic solvents and water, including, for example, 1,4-dioxane, THF, dimethoxyethane or dimethylformamide and water.
  • the reaction is carried out in an appropriate solvent under nitrogen, at an elevated temperature of about 70° C. to 150° C., for about 30 seconds to 5 hours. When the reaction is substantially complete, the reaction is allowed to cool to room temperature.
  • the reaction mixture can be partitioned between an aqueous phase and an organic phase.
  • the aqueous phase is discarded, and the organic phase concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue is purified by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography, eluting with an appropriate solvent mixture such as acetonitrile and water, to isolate compounds of Formula (C-2).
  • the compound of Formula (C-2) may be purified by other conventional means, such as silica gel chromatography or recrystallization.
  • reaction may be allowed to cool to room temperature.
  • the reaction mixture can then be concentrated and purified by any suitable method, including for example, chromatography on silica gel or preparative HPLC to obtain the compound of Formulas (I), (Ia), and (Ib), including each of the compounds in the examples provided below.
  • the compound of Formula (C-4, C-5 and C-6) can be prepared as follows: Reacting (C-1) with and appropriate carbonyl source as described previously affords (C-2). (C-2) is then reacted with metalated alkyl or aryl reagents (e.g. but not limited to Li or Mg) to symmetrical carbinols (C-4), or converted to Weinreb amide (C-3) followed by reaction with metalated alkyl and aryl reagents to afford ketone (C-5). Ketone (C-5) can then we reacted again with metalated alkyl and aryl reagents to afford asymmetric carbinol (C-6).
  • metalated alkyl or aryl reagents e.g. but not limited to Li or Mg
  • C-4 symmetrical carbinols
  • C-5 ketone
  • Ketone (C-5) can then we reacted again with metalated alkyl and aryl reagents to afford asymmetric carbin
  • compounds above can be prepared by converting (C-1) to the corresponding 2-alkoxy-benzimidazole (C-7), which is then further converted to (C-4) including (C-6) using methods above.
  • 6-(3,5-Dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-4-iodo-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one (38.9 mg, 0.11 mmol) was treated with 6-methylquinolin-5-ylboronic acid (30.9 mg, 0.165 mmol, 1.5 equiv.), 2M-Na 2 CO 3 (aq) (1 mL) in the presence of PEPPSI iPr (3.7 mg, 0.0055 mmol, 0.05 equiv) in 1,4-dioxane (3 mL) at 150° C. for 20 min in microwave reactor (Biotage, Optimizer). To the reaction mixture were added water (30 mL) and EtOAc (70 mL).
  • 6-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-4-(2-phenylpyridin-3-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one was synthsized using 2-phenylpyridin-3-ylboronic acid and Cs 2 CO 3 in a similar fashion as 6-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-4-(6-methylquinolin-5-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one (Example 2).
  • Step 1 Preparation of 1-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one
  • Step 2 Preparation of 5-(6-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-4-yl)-1-methyl-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one
  • Step 4 Preparation of 5-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-1-methyl-7-(6-methylquinolin-5-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one
  • the mixture was filtered through Celite (3 g) and then organic layer was separated from the filtrate. The organic layer was washed with brine (30 mL) and dried over Na 2 SO 4 . The solvent was removed under a reduced pressure to give a crude product.
  • 6-(3,5-Dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-4-(2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one was synthsized using 2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ylboronic acid and Cs 2 CO 3 in a similar fashion as Example 11.
  • reaction mixture was heated at 110° C. for 12 min in oil bath.
  • the reaction mixture was injected into Gilson preparative HPLC to give 4-(6-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-4-yl)cinnoline-3-carboxylic acid.
  • the filtrate was concentrated and purified by a silica-gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc 50:50 to 0:100) to give 5-(6-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-4-yl)-1,6-dimethylquinolin-2(1H)-one as colorless crystals.
  • Example 23 The compound of Example 23 was synthesized in a similar fashion as that of Example 22.
  • 1,3-Dicyclopropylpropane-1,3-dione (300.0 mg, 1.971 mmol) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (162.0 mg, 2.365 mmol, 2 equiv) were heated at 100° C. in DMSO (1 mL) in oil bath. After the reaction completed, the reaction mixture was directly injected into Gilead preparative HPLC to give 4-bromo-3,5-dicyclopropylisoxazole.
  • 3,5-Dicyclopropylisoxazole (70.0 mg, 0.469 mmol) was treated with NBS (167.0 mg, 0.938 mmol, equiv) in CH 2 Cl 2 at room temperature for 12 h. The solvent was removed under a reduced pressure and the residue was directly loaded onto a silica gel column chromatography (hexane EtOAc 87:13) to give 4-bromo-3,5-dicyclopropylisoxazole.
  • 3,5-Dicyclopropylisoxazole (70.0 mg, 0.469 mmol) was treated with NBS (167.0 mg, 0.938 mmol, 2 equiv) in CH 2 Cl 2 at room temperature for 12 h. The solvent was removed under a reduced pressure and the residue was directly loaded onto a silica gel column chromatography (hexane EtOAc 87:13) to give 5-bromo-8-fluoro-6-methylquinoline (68.7 mg, 64.2%).
  • 6-Bromo-7-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[b]azepin-2(3H)-one (100.0 mg, 1.998 mmol) was treated with NaH (18.9 mg, 0.472 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in DMF (3 mL) at 0° C. to room temperature for 30 min.
  • MeI 111.7 mg, 0.787 mmol, 2 equiv.
  • the mixture was stirred at to room temperature for 1 h
  • the mixture was quenched with water and extracted with EtOAc (30 mL ⁇ 3).
  • the organic layer was washed with brine (30 mL) and dried over Na 2 SO 4 .
  • 5-Bromo-8-chloro-6-methylquinoline was synthesized in a similar fashion, using 5-bromo-8-fluoro-6-methylquinoline.
  • N-Boc-pyrrolidine 150 mg, 0.39 mmol
  • TMEDA 0.2 mL, 158 mg, 1.36 mmol
  • Sec-BuLi 1.97 mL, 1.36 mmol
  • tert-butyl 6-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-2-ethoxy-4-formyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-1-carboxylate 150 mg, 0.39 mmol was dissolved in MeTHF (0.5 mL) and added dropwise via syringe to the reaction and allowed to stir at ⁇ 78° C. for 10 minutes.
  • n-BuLi (0.58 mL, 0.93 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of 1,3-difluorobenzene (0.102 mL, 0.1 mmol) in THF (5 mL) cooled to ⁇ 78° C. and allowed to stir for 1 hour.
  • tert-butyl 6-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-2-ethoxy-4-formyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-1-carboxylate 200 mg, 0.52 mmol
  • n-BuLi (0.21 mL, 0.33 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (0.06 mL, 0.33 mmol) in THF (0.7 mL) at 0° C. and was allowed to stir for 5 minutes.
  • Pyrazine 24 mg, 0.3 mmol
  • THF 0.4 mL
  • Step 1 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole
  • Step 2 Preparation of 4-(2-ethoxy-4-(1-methyl-4-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-6-yl)-3,5-dimethylisoxazole
  • reaction mixture was then filtered and organic solvent was evaporated and the residue was purified with Prep HPLC (0-100% CH 3 CN/H 2 O) to afford 8 mg product 4-(2-ethoxy-4-(1-methyl-4-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-6-yl)-3,5-dimethylisoxazole.
  • Degassed dioxane 120 mL was added to a round-bottom flask containing 6-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-4-iodo-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one (6 g, 16.9 mmol), dppfPdCl 2 (630 mg, 5%), KOAc, (3.3 g, 2 equiv) and bispinacolato diboron (8.6 g, 2 equiv). The reaction mixture was sonicated to eliminate lumps, and was then heated to 120° C. overnight. The reaction was complete via TLC and HPLC analysis.
  • reaction mixture was dry-loaded onto silica gel and purified by flash chromatography (rf 0.4 in ethyl acetate, eluting with ethyl acetate/methanol.
  • 6-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one was isolated and subjected to high-vacuum drying overnight, and contained an equivalent of pinacol side-products by NMR.
  • the boronic acid (0.05 g), bromide (0.137 g), Peppsi catalyst (0.009 g), Cs2CO3 (0.183 g) was stirred under N2 in water/dioxane (1 ml each) at 140 C for 30 min. After cooling to RT, brine (1 mL) was added, the organic layer separated and volatiles removed under vacuum. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC (5-95% MeCN in H2O) to afford the title compound.
  • the reaction mixture was heated at 110° C. for 12 min in oil bath.
  • the reaction mixture was purified by HPLC to give 4-(6-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-4-yl)cinnoline-3-carboxylic acid.
  • 6-(3,5-Dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-4-(3-methylisoquinolin-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one was prepared from 4-iodo-3-methylisoquinoline in a similar fashion as Example 104.
  • the substrate (25.0 mg, 0.067 mmol) and NCS (36.3 mg, 0.135 mmol) were dissolved into THF (2 mL). The mixture was heated at 80° C. for 2 h in an oil bath. The reaction mixture was purified by HPLC (5-95% acetonitrile:water with 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid, on a Phenomenex Luna C18 column) to give the desired product.
  • 3,5-Dicyclopropylisoxazole (70.0 mg, 0.469 mmol) was treated with NBS (167.0 mg, 0.938 mmol, 2 equiv) in CH2Cl2 at room temperature for 12 h. The solvent was removed under a reduced pressure and the residue was directly loaded onto a silica gel column chromatography (hexane EtOAc 87:13) to give 5-bromo-8-fluoro-6-methylquinoline.
  • 6-(3,5-Dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-4-iodo-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one (100 mg, 0.28 mmol), 1-(4-Fluorophenyl)vinylboronic acid, pinacol ester (209.59 mg, 0.84 mmol), PEPPSI′′-IPr catalyst (19.19 mg, 0.03 mmol), 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene solution (0.25 ml, 1.69 mmol) were mixed in 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (6 ml) and Water (3 ml) in sealed in a microwave vial and heated to 110° C.
  • Example 117 The following compound was synthesized in a similar fashion as that of Example 117.
  • Step 3 1-cyclopropyl-5-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-7-iodo-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one
  • the crude was separated to provide the two atropisomers using HPLC chiral separation.

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