US20150030870A1 - Carbon tool steel strip - Google Patents

Carbon tool steel strip Download PDF

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Publication number
US20150030870A1
US20150030870A1 US14/379,837 US201314379837A US2015030870A1 US 20150030870 A1 US20150030870 A1 US 20150030870A1 US 201314379837 A US201314379837 A US 201314379837A US 2015030870 A1 US2015030870 A1 US 2015030870A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
tool steel
strip
steel strip
carbon tool
carbides
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Abandoned
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US14/379,837
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English (en)
Inventor
Tomonori Ueno
Hiroyoshi Fujihara
Ichirou Kishigami
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Proterial Ltd
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Hitachi Metals Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Metals Ltd filed Critical Hitachi Metals Ltd
Assigned to HITACHI METALS, LTD. reassignment HITACHI METALS, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: UENO, TOMONORI, FUJIHARA, HIROYOSHI, KISHIGAMI, ICHIROU
Publication of US20150030870A1 publication Critical patent/US20150030870A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a carbon tool steel strip suitable for use in various springs or valve materials, such as shock absorbers or flapper valves.
  • a carbon tool steel strip suitable for use in springs, valves, or the like is rolled to a predetermined thickness, then quenched and tempered to adjust target properties, and then processed into a target shape for use by e.g. blanking.
  • JP-A-2006-63384 proposes to improve impact properties by controlling an amount of residual carbides in a metallographic structure of the carbon steel.
  • the proposed high carbon steel member has the improved impact properties by controlling a volume % (Vf) of unsolved carbides in a matrix within a range of 8.5 ⁇ 15.3 ⁇ C% ⁇ Vf ⁇ 10.0.
  • Patent Literature 1 JP-A-2006-63384
  • a carbon tool steel strip used for spring materials, valve materials, or the like is also required to have excellent blanking properties for being punched in a shape of a spring or a valve and high fatigue properties in addition to impact properties.
  • sufficient studies have not been made on what metallographic structure is appropriate as a carbon tool steel strip in order to achieve both fatigue properties necessary for use as a spring or a valve and blanking properties important in a manufacturing process.
  • the present inventors have found an appropriate form of carbides in a carbon tool steel strip that can achieve both fatigue and blanking properties in addition to improving hardness suitable for use in springs, valves or the like. Thus they arrived at the present invention.
  • the present invention relates to a carbon tool steel strip having a composition comprising 0.8 to 1.2% of carbon by mass % and having a thickness of not greater than 1 mm.
  • the strip has a Vickers hardness of 500 to 650 HV.
  • an area ratio of carbides having an equivalent circle diameter of at least 0.5 ⁇ m among carbides present in a metallographic structure is 0.50 to 4.30%.
  • the area ratio of the carbides having an equivalent circle diameter of at least 0.5 ⁇ m is preferably in a range of 1.50% to 4.00%.
  • the strip preferably has a thickness of 0.1 to 0.5 mm.
  • the strip of the present invention can have optimum hardness as well as both fatigue and blanking properties.
  • the strip is particularly suitable for various spring or valve materials having a thickness of 0.1 to 0.5 mm.
  • FIG. 1 is an electron micrograph of a cross-section of the carbon tool steel strip according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an observation plane of a cross-sectional metallographic structure of the strip.
  • an important aspect of the present invention is to adjust an area ratio of carbides larger than a certain size after quenched and tempered to a certain range. Further, while hardness of the strip is optimized, both fatigue and blanking properties can be achieved.
  • the strip according to the present invention has properties required as springs or valves at the same time.
  • the thickness thereof is limited to not greater than 1 mm so that it can be applied to the springs, valves or the like.
  • composition of the carbon tool steel strip according to the present invention will be described.
  • the content of each element is expressed by mass %.
  • Carbon is a necessary element for obtaining mechanical properties such as hardness, or adequate wear resistance and impact resistance after quenching and tempering.
  • carbon is necessary to adjust hardness and a form of carbides in appropriate ranges. Therefore, at least 0.8% of carbon is necessary.
  • 1.2% of carbon lowers Ms point and causes deterioration of properties since retained austenite and residual carbides increase. Therefore, the carbon content is 0.8 to 1.2%.
  • a preferable lower limit of carbon is more than 0.9%, and a preferable upper limit of carbon is 1.1%.
  • composition of the carbon tool steel strip according to the present invention is not particularly limited except for the carbon content, and the strip may have a composition of carbon tool steel defined in JIS-G-3311 (Cold rolled special steel strip). Particularly, following composition is preferable.
  • Si is added as a deoxidizing material for refining. Less than 0.1% of Si possibly has insufficient deoxidization effect and more than 0.35% of silicon may deteriorate mechanical properties. Therefore, the Si content is preferably 0.1 to 0.35%. A further preferable lower limit of Si is 0.15%, and a preferable upper limit of Si is 0.30%.
  • Mn is effective in improving quenching properties. Less than 0.1% of Mn possibly has insufficient improvement effect and more than 0.5% of Mn may deteriorate toughness. Therefore, the Mn content is preferably 0.1 to 0.5%. A preferable lower limit of Mn is 0.35%, and a preferable upper limit of Mn is 0.48%.
  • Cr is effective in improving quenching properties. Therefore, it is preferable to add more than 0% of Cr. However, when Cr is added more than 0.3%, a pearlite is likely to be formed, and blanking properties are deteriorated. Therefore, a preferable amount of Cr is more than 0% and not more than 0.3%. In order to surely improve the quenching properties, a lower limit of Cr is preferably 0.05%. Since an oxide film is likely to be formed during quenching and tempering by the addition of Cr, a preferable upper limit of Cr is 0.25%.
  • Elements other than the above may be Fe and impurities.
  • a matrix of a metallographic structure of the strip is martensite after quenched and tempered.
  • retained austenite and pearlite increases, mechanical properties are deteriorated.
  • the area ratio of carbides having an equivalent circle diameter of not less than 0.5 ⁇ m in the metallographic structure mainly composed of the martensite structure is defined as 0.50 to 4.30%.
  • the carbides having the equivalent circle diameter of not less than 0.5 ⁇ m are likely to become origins of fatigue cracks.
  • the amount of the carbides having the equivalent circle diameter of not less than 0.5 ⁇ m should be as small as possible in order to improve fatigue properties.
  • the carbides having the equivalent circle diameter of not less than 0.5 ⁇ m become crack origins and are effective in reducing a punching load.
  • the area ratio of the carbides having the equivalent circle diameter of not less than 0.5 ⁇ m has an effect on both fatigue and blanking properties. There is a preferable range that achieves both fatigue and blanking properties.
  • the area ratio of the carbides having the equivalent circle diameter of not less than 0.5 ⁇ m in the metallographic structure of the strip is less than 0.50%, the blanking properties deteriorate significantly.
  • the area ratio is more than 4.30%, the fatigue properties deteriorate significantly.
  • the area ratio of the carbides having the equivalent circle diameter of not less than 0.5 ⁇ m in the metallographic structure is defined as 0.50 to 4.30%.
  • the lower limit of the area ratio is 1.50%, and a preferable upper limit of the area ratio is 4.00%.
  • an upper limit of the carbide size is not particularly defined, when carbides having a size of larger than 5 ⁇ m are present for example, they are likely to causes fatigue cracks and the fatigue properties may be deteriorated significantly.
  • the upper limit of the carbide size is preferably 5 ⁇ m in equivalent circle diameter.
  • a center portion in a thickness direction of a quenched and tempered carbon tool steel strip is observed such that an observation plane is taken in a length direction as shown in FIG. 2 . Since the thickness of the strip is small, observation of the metallographic structure in a vicinity of a surface of the strip is affected by test piece preparation and thus variations in the metallographic structure are large.
  • a test piece for the carbide evaluation is embedded in a resin such that an observation plane 3 is perpendicular to a rolled surface 2 and parallel to a length direction of the strip 1 as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the test piece is mirror-polished and then immersed in a sodium picrate-alkali liquid heated at 80 to 100° C. for about 10 minutes to color the carbides.
  • An area of 6000 ⁇ m 2 at the center portion of the observation plane 3 is observed in a backscattered electron image with 2000 magnifications using a scanning electron microscope.
  • the evaluation is possible with image processing such that only carbides having an equivalent circle diameter of not less than 0.5 ⁇ m among the observed carbides are identified to measure the area ratio.
  • the carbon tool steel strip is made to have Vickers hardness of 500 to 650 HV. Sufficient spring properties can not be ensured with a hardness of at less than 500 HV, while strength becomes too strong with a hardness of greater than 650 HV and the strip does not function as a spring or a valve.
  • a preferable lower limit of the Vickers hardness is 520 HV, and a preferable upper limit of the Vickers hardness is 625 HV.
  • the carbon tool steel strip described above in detail may have a thickness to 0.1 to 0.5 mm for suitably used for springs or valves.
  • quenching conditions in which a quenching temperature is slightly higher than that of conventional quenching and a tempering temperature is also higher, in order to provide a carbide form where the area ratio of the carbides having the equivalent circle diameter of not less than 0.5 ⁇ m in the metallographic structure is 0.50 to 4.30% according to the present invention.
  • the quenching temperature is 830 to 940° C. and the heating and holding time is 20 to 170 seconds.
  • the quenching temperature is lower than 830° C., solution of carbides is insufficient and it is difficult to obtain the above carbide form.
  • the quenching temperature is higher than 940° C.
  • a problem is likely to occur in which too much carbides are solved and residual carbides decrease.
  • a preferable lower limit of the quenching temperature is 850° C. and a preferable upper limit of the quenching temperature is 920° C.
  • the heating and holding time for the quenching is shorter than 20 seconds or longer than 170 seconds, the area ratio of carbides of not less than 0.5 ⁇ m is less likely to be 0.50 to 4.30%.
  • the steel strip is cooled to 200 to 350° C. in a salt bath, a molten metal, a mist or the like, and then the strip is sandwiched between two water-cooled press plates made of Cu or cast iron to be further cooled while being straightening, so as to complete martensitic transformation.
  • a tempering temperature is preferably in a range of 310 to 440° C.
  • the tempering temperature is lower than 310° C.
  • the hardness increases.
  • the tempering temperature is higher than 440° C.
  • the hardness is likely to decrease.
  • a further preferable lower limit of the tempering temperature is 350° C.
  • a further preferable upper limit is 400° C.
  • the tempering time is preferably 30 to 300 seconds. When the tempering time is shorter than 30 seconds, the hardness is likely to increase. When the tempering time is longer than 300 seconds, the hardness decreases too much.
  • surface roughness of the strip is made such that ten-point average roughness (Rz) defined in JIS-B-0601 is not more than 0.5 ⁇ m and arithmetic average roughness (Ra) is not more than 0.08 ⁇ m. In the ranges of the surface roughness, fatigue failure originating from surface defects such as flaws on the strip surface can be more surely prevented.
  • the surface roughness is possibly different between front and back surfaces of the strip, and it is more preferable that the difference in roughness between the front and the back surfaces is within 0.15 ⁇ m (preferably within 0.10 ⁇ m) for the ten-point average roughness and within 0.015 ⁇ m (preferably within 0.012 ⁇ m) for the arithmetic average roughness (Ra).
  • the front and back surfaces of the strip after quenched and tempered may be physically ablated.
  • buffing with alumina or silica abrasive particles may be conducted.
  • a carbon steel raw material was melt, cast and then hot-rolled to provide a hot-rolled material.
  • the hot-rolled material was repeatedly cold-rolled and annealed to prepare a cold-rolled material A of a carbon tool steel strip having a thickness of 0.30 mm and a cold-rolled material B having a thickness of 0.20 mm.
  • the thickness and chemical composition of the cold-rolled materials A and B are described in Table 1.
  • Thickness Composition (mass %) Material (mm) C Si Mn Cr Balance A 0.30 0.965 0.245 0.440 0.131 Fe and inevitable impurities B 0.20 0.965 0.245 0.440 0.131 Fe and inevitable impurities
  • the cold-rolled materials A and B were quenched and tempered to produce carbon tool steel strips.
  • the temperature was set as shown in Table 2, and the cold-rolled material was held in a furnace for each time. Rapid cooling for the quenching was conducted with the material sandwiched between water-cooled press plates.
  • the tempered carbon tool steel strip was polished on front and back surfaces of the strip by buffing with alumina abrasive particles.
  • a test piece for observing a metallographic structure was cut from the produced carbon tool steel strip. The cut portions are shown by broken lines in FIG. 2 . Then, the test piece was embedded in a resin such that an observation plane 3 is perpendicular to the rolled surface 2 of the strip 1 and parallel to the length direction of the strip as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the test piece was mirror-polished and then immersed in a sodium picrate-alkali liquid heated at 80 to 100° C. for about 10 minutes to color carbides. An area of 6000 ⁇ m 2 at a center portion in a thickness direction was observed in a backscattered electron image at 2000 magnifications using a scanning electron microscope, and image processing was conducted. The area ratio of carbides of not lower than 0.5 ⁇ m was evaluated.
  • the image of Sample 2 is shown in FIG. 1 .
  • Black portions in FIG. 1 are carbides.
  • the lateral direction in FIG. 1 corresponds to the length direction of the carbon tool steel strip. It is seen that carbides of not less than 0.5 ⁇ m are present at a preferable area ratio.
  • the maximum size of the carbides of Sample 2 is about 3 ⁇ m in equivalent circle diameter.
  • the carbide maximum size of other samples of the present invention was also about 2 to 3 ⁇ m in equivalent circle diameter.
  • a test piece for observing the metallographic structure was taken from a position similar to that of the observation plane of the carbides. It was embedded in a resin, mirror-polished, and then etched with nital (a mixed solution of nitric acid and ethanol). Microstructure was observed by an optical microscope and it was confirmed that a matrix of the metallographic structure of the carbon tool steel strip was substantially martensite.
  • the surface roughness was Rz: 0.39 ⁇ m at front surface, Rz: 0.33 ⁇ m at back surface, Ra: 0.068 ⁇ m at the front surface, and Ra: 0.061 ⁇ m at the back surface. It was confirmed that the carbon tool steel strip had smooth surface roughness.
  • the carbon tool steel strips in which the area ratio of carbides having an equivalent circle diameter of not less than 0.5 ⁇ m in the metallographic structure is within the range defined in the present invention have a hardness of greater than 550 HV and a strength at finite life of 10 7 times of greater than 1000 MPa. They have a low press load of not greater than 8.5 (kN) for the materials having a thickness of 0.3 mm and not greater than 6.0 kN for the materials having a thickness of 0.2 mm.
  • the carbon tool steel strip according to the present invention can achieve both product properties, such as hardness and fatigue properties, and blanking properties. Therefore, it can be expected to be applied to springs or valves, particularly having a thickness of 0.1 to 0.5 mm.
US14/379,837 2012-03-08 2013-03-06 Carbon tool steel strip Abandoned US20150030870A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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JP2012-051195 2012-03-08
JP2012051195 2012-03-08
PCT/JP2013/056068 WO2013133295A1 (ja) 2012-03-08 2013-03-06 炭素工具鋼鋼帯

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JP (1) JP6304025B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN104160053B (zh)
DE (1) DE112013003390T5 (zh)
WO (1) WO2013133295A1 (zh)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170205101A1 (en) * 2016-01-19 2017-07-20 Delta Electronics, Inc. Power optimization system for air-side apparatus of air conditioning and power optimization method of the same
SE1950679A1 (en) * 2019-06-07 2020-12-08 Voestalpine Prec Strip Ab Steel strip for flapper valves
US11186887B2 (en) * 2013-12-13 2021-11-30 Tata Steel Limited Multi-track laser surface hardening of low carbon cold rolled closely annealed (CRCA) grades of steels

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115572891B (zh) * 2021-06-21 2023-09-05 上海梅山钢铁股份有限公司 一种美工刀片用屈服强度420MPa级冷轧退火钢带

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11186887B2 (en) * 2013-12-13 2021-11-30 Tata Steel Limited Multi-track laser surface hardening of low carbon cold rolled closely annealed (CRCA) grades of steels
US20170205101A1 (en) * 2016-01-19 2017-07-20 Delta Electronics, Inc. Power optimization system for air-side apparatus of air conditioning and power optimization method of the same
SE1950679A1 (en) * 2019-06-07 2020-12-08 Voestalpine Prec Strip Ab Steel strip for flapper valves
WO2020246937A1 (en) * 2019-06-07 2020-12-10 Voestalpine Precision Strip Ab Steel strip for flapper valves
SE543422C2 (en) * 2019-06-07 2021-01-12 Voestalpine Prec Strip Ab Steel strip for flapper valves
EP3980571A4 (en) * 2019-06-07 2023-11-22 voestalpine Precision Strip AB STEEL STRAP FOR FLAP VALVES

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DE112013003390T5 (de) 2015-03-19
CN104160053B (zh) 2016-11-23
US20170081743A1 (en) 2017-03-23
US10294545B2 (en) 2019-05-21
JP6304025B2 (ja) 2018-04-04
JPWO2013133295A1 (ja) 2015-07-30
WO2013133295A1 (ja) 2013-09-12
CN104160053A (zh) 2014-11-19

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