US20150027038A1 - Process and apparatus for briquette production - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for briquette production Download PDF

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Publication number
US20150027038A1
US20150027038A1 US14/386,181 US201314386181A US2015027038A1 US 20150027038 A1 US20150027038 A1 US 20150027038A1 US 201314386181 A US201314386181 A US 201314386181A US 2015027038 A1 US2015027038 A1 US 2015027038A1
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Prior art keywords
steam
mixing
carbon carriers
carbon
temperature
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Inventor
Hado Heckmann
Robert Millner
Johann Wurm
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Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH
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Siemens VAI Metals Technologies GmbH Austria
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Publication of US20150027038A1 publication Critical patent/US20150027038A1/en
Assigned to Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH reassignment Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SIEMENS VAI METALS TECHNOLOGIES GMBH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/06—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting
    • C10L5/10—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders
    • C10L5/14—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders with organic binders
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/06—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting
    • C10L5/10—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders
    • C10L5/22—Methods of applying the binder to the other compounding ingredients; Apparatus therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/26—After-treatment of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
    • C10L5/28—Heating the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes; Coking the binders
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
    • C10L5/36—Shape
    • C10L5/361—Briquettes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0086—Conditioning, transformation of reduced iron ores
    • C21B13/0093—Protecting against oxidation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2250/00—Structural features of fuel components or fuel compositions, either in solid, liquid or gaseous state
    • C10L2250/04—Additive or component is a polymer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/08—Drying or removing water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/14—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production
    • C10L2290/148—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production of steam
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/24—Mixing, stirring of fuel components
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/30—Pressing, compressing or compacting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/06—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting
    • C10L5/10—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
    • C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
    • C22B1/242—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders
    • C22B1/244—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders organic
    • C22B1/245—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders organic with carbonaceous material for the production of coked agglomerates

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for producing a briquette containing carbon carriers, wherein the carbon carriers together with a binder system are subjected to mixing with the introduction of steam and the mixture obtained is subjected to pressing to form briquettes.
  • hard coal briquetting was primarily used to produce lumpy carbon carriers from fine coal for use as domestic coal or in industrial grate firing. As a result, numerous processes for hard coal briquetting are known. Hard coal briquetting is of great importance for the COREX®/FINEX® processes for the production of liquid pig iron since these processes are based on a fixed bed process in which the fixed bed is created by lumpy carbon.
  • melt-reduction process lumpy carbon carriers are charged together with pre-reduced iron carriers and admixtures onto the fixed-bed surface of a so-called melt-down gasifier.
  • the pre-reduced iron carriers are completely reduced and a molten pig iron and molten slag produced, which are obtained from time to time from the run-off.
  • the heat for the melting process is provided by gasification of the lumpy carbon carriers by means of oxygen. The hot gases that form hereby penetrate the fixed bed with the emission of heat and leave the fixed bed at the fixed-bed surface.
  • molten pig iron and molten slag percolate the fixed bed and accumulate in its lowermost region, the so-called sump tank.
  • These processes require sufficient permeability of the fixed bed which is determined by the granulation of the lumpy carbon carriers during charging onto the fixed-bed surface and the particle stability of the lumpy carbon carriers under the conditions prevailing on the fixed-bed surface or in the fixed bed. Therefore, during charging onto the fixed-bed surface, the granulation of the lumpy carbon carriers should have a sufficiently high coarse particle content and a limited content of undersized particles. Suitable granulation for the charged lumpy carbon carriers established from the raw material for the carbon carriers by screening must not be substantially destroyed during the handling up to the charging onto the fixed-bed surface due to mechanical stresses.
  • the granulation of the lumpy carbon carriers under the conditions prevailing on the fixed-bed surface or in the fixed bed must ensure a sufficiently large particle content and a limited content of undersized particles.
  • the ability of a lumpy carbon carrier to resist destruction of its granulation during handling up to the charging onto the fixed-bed surface is referred to as strength at low temperatures
  • the ability of a lumpy carbon carrier to resist destruction of its granulation under the conditions prevailing on or in the fixed bed is known as high-temperature resistance.
  • hard coal As the carbon carrier.
  • Commercially available hard coal usually only contains 30-70% coarse particles which can be charged directly as lumpy carbon carriers.
  • Briquetting is a suitable method to enable undersized particles also to be used in lumpy carbon carriers.
  • the low-temperature resistance and high-temperature resistance of the briquettes containing lumpy carbon carriers can be influenced by the nature of the process used and the features of the way it is performed.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,332,911, W0200250219, WO2004020555, WO2005071119, WO9901583 and WO2010081620 describe hard-coal briquetting processes in conjunction with COREX®/FINEX®.
  • These documents name a plurality of possible binder systems for this purpose, also including starch and polymers.
  • binders in liquid form are with mixed with the coal to be briquetted.
  • starch and polymers—in particular PVA— which are present in solid-granular to powdery consistency, have to be mixed with high proportions of water—1 part of dry binder with at least 10 parts water or more—to produce a manipulable liquid binder.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 1,121,325 also describes the mixing of starch in powder form with coal with the simultaneous use of steam.
  • the steam first has to be produced in an expensive way which impairs the economic efficiency of the process.
  • This object is achieved by a process for the production of a briquette containing carbon carriers, wherein the carbon carriers together with a binder system are subject to mixing with the introduction of steam and the mixture obtained is subjected to pressing to form briquettes.
  • the carbon carriers are preferably carbon carriers with a particle size of less than 4 mm, determined by sieve analysis. In this application, carbon carriers of this kind are also called fine coal.
  • the carbon carriers comprise coal, particularly preferably hard coal, quite particularly preferably the carbon carriers are hard coal.
  • the carbon carriers can also comprise coke, petroleum coke, carbonaceous dusts, carbonaceous sludges or consist thereof.
  • a single type of carbon carrier for example a single type of coal or hard coal, or mixtures of different types of carbon carriers, for example different types of coal or hard coal.
  • one type of carbon carrier means, for example, carbon carriers from one point of origin or carbon carriers of one rank or, for example, only metallurgical coal or only thermal coal.
  • different types of carbon carrier should, for example, be understood to mean carbon carriers from different points of origin or carbon carriers with different ranks or, for example, metallurgical coal and thermal coal.
  • carbon carriers are processed to form briquettes in that the carbon carriers are mixed with a binder system with the introduction of steam and the mixture obtained is pressed to form briquettes.
  • the steam—or its properties, which means its quality—added during mixing influences the properties of the briquettes obtained—for example by means of the quantity of the water introduced into the mixture or by means of the quantity of energy introduced.
  • the quality of the steam with respect to energy content and water content per quantity unit of steam can, for example, be set by means of the extent of superheating in superheated steam or by means of the extent of condensation in wet steam. To this end, it is possible to mix steams of different quality.
  • the mixing can also be set with respect to optimizing the briquette quality by means of the quantity of the steam added and/or the duration of the addition.
  • the binder system comprises at least one binder and optionally further substances, for example solvents for the binder.
  • a binder is a substance by means of which solids with a fine degree of dispersion, for example powders, are bonded to one another.
  • the binders are poorly water-soluble substances; a poorly water-soluble substance should be understood to be a substance which requires a weight percentage ratio of water to binder of equal to or greater than 5 to 1 for complete dissolution at 20° C.
  • Binders are for example starch or polyvinyl acetate, PVA. It is, for example, possible to use starch dissolved in water as the binder system.
  • the carbon carriers contain too much moisture to produce briquettes with acceptable moisture, according to the invention they are dried before mixing with the binder system takes place.
  • the moisture has a water content less than or equal to 7 percent by mass, particularly preferably the moisture has a water content of less than or equal to 5 percent by mass.
  • the temperature of the carbon carriers to be mixed with the binder system enables the strength properties of the briquettes to be influenced. Therefore, according to the invention, optionally before mixing, the temperature of the carbon carriers to be mixed with the binder system is set in a predefined—selected with respect to the desired strength properties—temperature range.
  • the temperature of the carbon carriers initially determines the quantity of heat which has to be supplied with the steam in order to set the desired temperature for mixing the binder system with the carbon carriers. Depending upon how much energy is withdrawn from the steam by heating the carbon carriers, condensation takes place to varying degrees. If the moisture of the mixture, which is, for example, changed by this condensation, is in an adequate ratio to the quantity of binder system used, the strength of the briquettes is influenced favorably.
  • a heat treatment for example heating up—which can take place in one or more stages—of the briquettes is performed after pressing.
  • the heat treatment can influence the strength properties of the briquettes in the sense of hardening.
  • the mixing can be performed with batchwise material feed or continuous material feed.
  • Heat treatment should be understood to mean heat input, that is heating, but not heat removal, that is cooling.
  • waste steam that occurs during direct or indirect interaction is used as at least part of the steam introduced during mixing. All or a part of the waste steam that occurs can be used in this way. This increases the economic efficiency of the process since the waste steam is used energetically and materially for heating and as a solvent for the binder system during mixing.
  • the binder system is mixed with the carbon carriers in solid state, preferably dry. This enables the binder system to be mixed more effectively with the carbon carriers than would be the case if, for example, a viscous binder system were used.
  • the binder system is mixed with the carbon carriers in liquid state; this is in particular the case with liquid binder systems.
  • the binder system is mixed with the carbon carriers in a first mixing step to form a premix and the premix is subjected to a second mixing step with the introduction of the steam.
  • the steam then arrives at an already extensively homogenized mixture of carbon carriers and binder system.
  • the inlet temperature of the premix is set in a predefined temperature range on entry into the second mixing step. This again enables the properties of the briquettes obtained to be influenced, as already discussed above.
  • the inlet temperature of the premix is set by setting the temperature of the carbon carriers supplied to the first mixing step in a predefined temperature interval. Then, the premix does not have to be additionally heated in the mixing apparatus in which it is produced thus resulting in reduced complexity of the equipment.
  • the second mixing step is regulated and/or controlled by changing at least one of the parameters from the group consisting of the members
  • the quantity of the added steam based on the quantity of the carbon carriers in the second mixing step is regulated for the duration of the addition of the steam, this obviously requires the prevailing steam mass flow in this time to be known.
  • waste steam that occurs during this interaction is used as at least part of the steam introduced during mixing. This has the advantage that it is returned materially and energetically to the process.
  • the binder system contains starch.
  • Starch is cheap and easily available and not harmful to the environment.
  • the binder system contains at least one component from the group consisting of the members
  • Synthetic polymers should, for example, be understood to mean:
  • the binder system preferably contains polyvinyl acetate.
  • Polyvinyl acetate is easily obtained and available in large quantities and, for example as claimed in claim 12 , can be produced during the course of a process for the production of pig iron.
  • components that increase the heat resistance of briquettes are added to the carbon carriers in a quantity of 1 to up to 10 percent by mass, based on the mass of the supplied for mixing.
  • This can, for example, involve bitumens in granular form or as spray droplets, dusts/sludge from metallurgical processes or coal with a higher heat resistance than the carbon carriers.
  • the mixture is subjected to pre-agglomeration.
  • the pressing of the pre-agglomerated mixture achieves advantages with respect to the properties of the briquettes, especially a higher density, resulting in more solid briquettes.
  • a further subject matter of the present application is the use of briquettes produced using the process according to the invention in a process for the production of pig iron with gasification of the carbon carriers.
  • waste heat that occurs during the process for the production of pig iron with gasification of the carbon carriers is used to produce at least part of a steam used in the process according to the invention.
  • a further subject matter of the present application is a process with which the binder system contains polyvinyl acetate, wherein the polyvinyl acetate is at least partially produced from monomers, which are obtained by means of a synthesis gas, which is based on export gas that occurs during the process according to the invention for the production of pig iron with gasification of the carbon carriers, with conversion of CO of the synthesis gas via acetic acid into vinyl acetate.
  • a further subject matter of the present application is an apparatus,
  • the mixing mechanism comprises a steam supply conduit for supplying steam, characterized in that at least one member of the group consisting of
  • pressure-equalizing locks are installed for the briquettes if the pressure in the heat treatment apparatus for heat treatment of the briquettes is higher than that of the environment.
  • the mixing mechanism can be operated batchwise or continuously.
  • the apparatus for changing the temperature of the carbon carriers before entry into the mixing mechanism can, for example, be embodied as a heatable chamber.
  • the dryer is the apparatus for changing the temperature of the carbon carriers before entry into the mixing mechanism. This reduces the complexity of the equipment, the amount of maintenance and capital expenditure and operating costs.
  • the heat treatment apparatus for heat treatment of the briquettes can, for example, be embodied as a heatable chamber.
  • a carbon-carrier store is provided from which a carbon-carrier output conduit opens into the dryer.
  • the carbon-carrier store is provided with an apparatus for changing the temperature of carbon carriers in the carbon-carrier store. This means that no extra unit is required for changing the temperature of the carbon carriers.
  • the mixing mechanism comprises
  • the premixing unit comprises an apparatus for changing the temperature of premix in the premixing unit; for example heating elements through which steam or thermal oil flow or electrical heating elements.
  • the waste-steam conduit opens into the steam supply conduit and/or in the mixing mechanism. According to a further embodiment, the waste-steam conduit opens into the final mixing unit.
  • the premixing unit and final mixing unit are combined in one piece of equipment in the mixing mechanism. This reduces the complexity of the equipment, the amount of maintenance and capital expenditure and operating costs.
  • the apparatus according to the invention also comprises an apparatus for the pre-agglomeration of the mixture produced in the mixing mechanism. This is then connected via a mixture feed conduit to the mixing mechanism and to pre-agglomerate discharge conduit with the pressing mechanism for pressing briquettes.
  • the mixture produced in the mixing mechanism is kneaded before being introduced into the apparatus for pre-agglomeration in an optionally provided kneader. This improves the consistency of the mixture for the briquetting process compared to the state following the mixing mechanism.
  • steam always means water vapor.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an apparatus according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the use of briquettes produced according to the invention in a process for the production of pig iron with gasification of the carbon carriers and the use of the export gas formed for the production of polyvinyl acetate.
  • FIG. 1 shows an apparatus according to the invention with a mixing mechanism 1 for mixing carbon carriers 2 with a binder system 3 .
  • the apparatus also comprises a pressing mechanism 4 for pressing briquettes on the basis of a mixture obtained from the mixing mechanism 1 .
  • the mixing mechanism 1 has a steam supply conduit 5 for supplying steam. Also provided are a dryer 6 for drying the carbon carriers 2 and a heat treatment apparatus 7 for heat treatment of the briquettes.
  • the dryer 6 is an apparatus for indirect interaction with steam and the heat treatment apparatus 7 for heat treatment of the briquettes is an apparatus for direct interaction with steam; a steam-feeder conduit 8 a , 8 b for feeding steam opens into both apparatuses and a waste-steam conduit 9 a , 9 b leads from both apparatuses, wherein the waste-steam conduit 9 a opens into the steam supply conduit 5 and the waste-steam conduit 9 b opens into the mixing mechanism 1 .
  • the carbon carriers 2 in this case a mixture of fine coals of different origin and different granulation, are subjected to mixing with the introduction of steam in the mixing mechanism 1 with a binder system 3 , in this case starch powder.
  • the mixture obtained thereby is then subjected to pressing to form briquettes in the pressing mechanism 4 .
  • the drying in the dryer 6 is performed to a water content of less than or equal to 7 percent by mass.
  • the drying of the carbon carriers before mixing and the heat treatment of the briquettes after pressing is performed by means of superheated steam supplied via steam feeder conduits 8 a , 8 b .
  • the waste steam that occurs thereby is introduced into the steam supply conduit 5 via the waste-steam conduit 9 a and into the mixing mechanism 1 via the waste-steam conduit 9 b where it is a part of the steam introduced during mixing.
  • the mixing mechanism 1 comprises a premixing unit 10 for carrying out a first mixing step, and a final mixing unit 11 for carrying out a second mixing step.
  • premixing unit 10 and final mixing unit 11 are combined in one piece of equipment.
  • a binder supply conduit 12 for the addition of the binder system 3 to the premixing unit 10 opens into the premixing unit 10 .
  • a carbon-carrier supply conduit 13 for supplying carbon carriers 3 from the dryer 6 to the premixing unit 10 also opens into the premixing unit 10 .
  • the steam supply conduit 5 opens into the final mixing unit 11 .
  • the binder system 3 is mixed with the carbon carriers 2 in the premixing unit 10 to form a premix and the premix is subjected to a second mixing step in the final mixing unit 11 with the introduction of the steam via the steam supply conduit 5 .
  • the steam supply conduit 5 contains an apparatus 14 for regulating and/or controlling the quantity of steam to be introduced into the final mixing unit per time unit and/or per quantity unit of material to be briquetted. This enables the regulation and/or control of the second mixing step by changing at least one of the parameters from the group consisting of the members
  • Apparatuses of this kind for regulation and/or control are also provided in the waste-steam conduits 9 a , 9 b , but these are not shown for reasons of clarity.
  • the dryer 6 is simultaneously an apparatus for changing the temperature of the carbon carriers before entry into the mixing mechanism.
  • This dryer 6 can be used to set the inlet temperature of the premix on entry into the second mixing step in a predefined temperature range by setting the temperature of the carbon carriers 3 supplied to the first mixing step in a predefined temperature interval.
  • the inlet temperature of the premix on entry into the second mixing step can be set in a predefined temperature range by an apparatus 15 belonging to the premixing unit for changing the temperature of premix in the premixing unit.
  • the settings of the inlet temperature of the premix on entry into the second mixing step are performed by means of indirect interaction with steam. Waste steam that occurs during an interaction of this kind can be used as a component of the steam supplied to the final mixing unit 11 , although, this and a steam feeder conduit for feeding steam to the apparatus 15 is not shown additionally reasons of clarity.
  • the carbon carriers 2 are conducted from a carbon-carrier store 16 , in which they are stored prior to being supplied to the mixer 6 into the dryer via a carbon-carrier output conduit 17 .
  • the carbon-carrier store 16 is provided with an apparatus 18 for changing the temperature of carbon carriers 2 in the carbon-carrier store.
  • This apparatus 18 is also an apparatus for indirect interaction with steam, into which a steam feeder conduit, which is not additionally shown for reasons of clarity, for feeding steam opens.
  • pre-agglomeration can be performed by means of an apparatus 28 for pre-agglomeration of the mixture in the mixing mechanism 1 .
  • the mixture produced in the mixing mechanism 1 is kneaded in an optionally provided kneader 29 .
  • FIG. 2 shows this schematically for a COREX® process.
  • Briquettes taken from the heat treatment apparatus 7 in which briquettes are hardened, are supplied to a coal bunker 19 , to which lump coal 20 is also added. From the coal bunker 19 , this material is supplied to a melt-down gasifier 21 .
  • Iron carriers are also added thereto; liquid pig iron is obtained by under gasification inter alia of the carbon carriers. Heat can be extracted from the so-called generator gas withdrawn from the melt-down gasifier 21 by means of a heat exchanger 22 for the purpose of producing at least part of the steam used in the process according to the invention.
  • the generator gas is used as reduction gas in a dust-removal mechanism in the reduction unit 23 , which is not additionally shown for reasons of clarity, in which the iron carriers intended to be input into the melt-down gasifier are generated.
  • top gas 24 can be withdrawn from the reduction unit 23 .
  • heat can be withdrawn from this, for example by means of a heat exchanger 25 , in order to produce at least part of the steam used in the process according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows how, after passing through the heat exchanger 25 , the cooled top gas—optionally after further treatment steps, which are not shown—can be used export gas 26 in a binder factory 27 for the production of binders for a binder system used according to the invention.
  • a synthesis gas rich in carbon monoxide is produced from the export gas and converted via acetic acid and vinyl acetate to produce polyvinyl acetate.

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  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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US14/386,181 2012-04-10 2013-03-28 Process and apparatus for briquette production Abandoned US20150027038A1 (en)

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EP12163533.8 2012-04-10
EP12163533 2012-04-10
PCT/EP2013/056648 WO2013152959A1 (de) 2012-04-10 2013-03-28 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur brikettherstellung

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CN (2) CN109385318A (pt)
AU (1) AU2013245608A1 (pt)
CA (1) CA2869942A1 (pt)
IN (1) IN2014DN07769A (pt)
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US20170110589A1 (en) * 2015-10-14 2017-04-20 United Microelectronics Corp. Semiconductor structure
CN111205900A (zh) * 2020-01-20 2020-05-29 北京科技大学 一种用于实验室研究的焦炭类似物及其制备工艺
JP7415964B2 (ja) 2021-01-21 2024-01-17 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 ブリケットの製造方法

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KR101418053B1 (ko) 2012-12-21 2014-07-09 주식회사 포스코 성형탄 및 그 제조 방법
EP3095814A1 (de) 2015-05-20 2016-11-23 Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH Verfahren zur herstellung von feinkohle enthaltenden presslingen
KR101709206B1 (ko) 2015-09-25 2017-02-22 주식회사 포스코 성형탄 및 그 제조 방법
DE102017206457A1 (de) * 2017-04-13 2018-10-18 Thyssenkrupp Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Kompaktieren von kohlehaltigem Einsatzstoff sowie Verwendung
GB201706116D0 (en) * 2017-04-18 2017-05-31 Legacy Hill Resources Ltd Iron ore pellets
WO2023039651A1 (pt) 2021-09-16 2023-03-23 Tecnored Desenvolvimento Tecnologico S.A. Aglomerado sólido para utilização em forno siderúrgico de redução

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170110589A1 (en) * 2015-10-14 2017-04-20 United Microelectronics Corp. Semiconductor structure
CN111205900A (zh) * 2020-01-20 2020-05-29 北京科技大学 一种用于实验室研究的焦炭类似物及其制备工艺
JP7415964B2 (ja) 2021-01-21 2024-01-17 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 ブリケットの製造方法

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RU2642993C2 (ru) 2018-01-29
AU2013245608A1 (en) 2014-09-25
CA2869942A1 (en) 2013-10-17
RU2014144985A (ru) 2016-05-27
KR20140144738A (ko) 2014-12-19
IN2014DN07769A (pt) 2015-05-15
CN104220604A (zh) 2014-12-17
UA113639C2 (xx) 2017-02-27
WO2013152959A1 (de) 2013-10-17
CN109385318A (zh) 2019-02-26
EP2836613B1 (de) 2017-10-18

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