US20140331893A1 - Method for the manufacture of fibrous yarn - Google Patents

Method for the manufacture of fibrous yarn Download PDF

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Publication number
US20140331893A1
US20140331893A1 US14/343,928 US201214343928A US2014331893A1 US 20140331893 A1 US20140331893 A1 US 20140331893A1 US 201214343928 A US201214343928 A US 201214343928A US 2014331893 A1 US2014331893 A1 US 2014331893A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
yarn
fibers
suspension
source
raw material
Prior art date
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US14/343,928
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English (en)
Inventor
Juha Salmela
Harri Kiiskinen
Antti Oksanen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus
Spinnova Oy
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Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus
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Assigned to TEKNOLOGIAN TUTKIMUSKESKUS VTT reassignment TEKNOLOGIAN TUTKIMUSKESKUS VTT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KIISKINEN, HARRI, SALMELA, JUHA, OKSANEN, ANTTI
Publication of US20140331893A1 publication Critical patent/US20140331893A1/en
Assigned to TEKNOLOGIAN TUTKIMUSKESKUS VTT OY reassignment TEKNOLOGIAN TUTKIMUSKESKUS VTT OY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: TEKNOLOGIAN TUTKIMUSKESKUS VTT
Assigned to SPINNOVA OY reassignment SPINNOVA OY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: TEKNOLOGIAN TUTKIMUSKESKUS VTT OY
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/885—External treatment, e.g. by using air rings for cooling tubular films
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/05—Filamentary, e.g. strands
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D10/00—Physical treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture, i.e. during a continuous production process before the filaments have been collected
    • D01D10/02—Heat treatment
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/04—Dry spinning methods
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/11—Flash-spinning
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F2/24—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F2/24—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives
    • D01F2/26—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives from nitrocellulose
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F2/24—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives
    • D01F2/28—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives from organic cellulose esters or ethers, e.g. cellulose acetate
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
    • D02G3/04—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
    • D02G3/04—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials
    • D02G3/042—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials all components being made from natural material
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
    • D02G3/04—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials
    • D02G3/045—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials all components being made from artificial or synthetic material
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
    • D02G3/08—Paper yarns or threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F11/00—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines
    • D21F11/16—Making paper strips for spinning or twisting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2791/00—Shaping characteristics in general
    • B29C2791/003—Making articles of indefinite length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2791/00—Shaping characteristics in general
    • B29C2791/004—Shaping under special conditions
    • B29C2791/006—Using vacuum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2301/00—Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds as reinforcement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2305/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, as reinforcement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2309/00—Use of inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29K2303/00 - B29K2307/00, as reinforcement
    • B29K2309/08—Glass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2311/00—Use of natural products or their composites, not provided for in groups B29K2201/00 - B29K2309/00, as reinforcement
    • B29K2311/10—Natural fibres, e.g. wool or cotton
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/707—Cables, i.e. two or more filaments combined together, e.g. ropes, cords, strings, yarns
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
    • D10B2101/02—Inorganic fibres based on oxides or oxide ceramics, e.g. silicates
    • D10B2101/06—Glass
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
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    • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
    • D10B2101/20—Metallic fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2201/00—Cellulose-based fibres, e.g. vegetable fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
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    • D10B2201/00—Cellulose-based fibres, e.g. vegetable fibres
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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Definitions

  • the invention relates to a new method for the manufacture of fibrous yarn, and particularly for the manufacture of paper yarn. Further, the invention relates to fibrous yarn obtainable by said method, as well as uses of said fibrous yarn.
  • paper yarn which is traditionally manufactured from paper sheets.
  • the first and only industrial method was developed in the late 19 th century in Germany. It has been refined over time but the basic principle has remained the same and it is still in use today.
  • paper manufactured from chemical, mechanical or chemi-mechanical pulp is slit to strips (width typically from 5 to 40 mm), which are twisted to thread. Said thread may be subjected to dyeing and finishing.
  • the product (paper yarn) has limited applications because of deficiencies in its properties, such as limited strength, unsuitable thickness, layered or folded structure, and further, the manufacturing method is inefficient.
  • Cotton is very widely used as raw material in the manufacture of yarns and ropes.
  • the cultivation of cotton requires significant water resources and it is widely carried out in regions where there is shortage of water and food.
  • available water is used for the irrigation of cotton fields, the situation with regard to food supply becomes worse.
  • the use of cotton does not support sustainable development, and there is a need for alternative sources of fiber, suitable for replacing cotton at least partly.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a new method for the manufacture of fibrous yarn.
  • a further object is to provide a sustainable source of fibers for fibrous yarn.
  • a still further object is to provide fibrous yarn with improved and adjustable properties, suitable for varying applications of yarn.
  • aspects of the invention are thus directed to a method for the manufacture of fibrous yarn, said method comprising the steps of providing an aqueous suspension comprising fibers and at least one rheology modifier, directing said suspension through at least one nozzle having an inner diameter of the outlet smaller than or equal to the maximum length weighed fiber length of the fibers, to form at least one yarn, and subjecting said yarn to dewatering.
  • aspects of the invention are also directed to a yarn comprising fibers and at least one rheology modifier.
  • Said yarn is obtainable by the method described above.
  • aspects of the invention are also directed to the use and method of use of the obtained yarn in decoration, interior decor, furniture, clothes, bandages, dressings, textiles, in construction materials etc.
  • the ease of manufacture of the fibrous yarn, applicability of the yarn to various sites of use, possibility to design the properties of the yarn according to the intended use, small water footprint, biodegradability are some examples of the desired benefits achieved by the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 depicts one embodiment of the manufacturing method, where the yarn is produced on rotating drums.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates one suitable nozzle used in this method.
  • bond refers here to thread, yarn, chord, filament, wire, string, rope and strand.
  • rheology modifier is understood to mean here a compound or agent capable of modifying the viscosity, yield stress, thixotropy of the suspension.
  • fibrous yarn can be manufactured in a very simple and efficient way directly from a suspension comprising fibres and at least one rheology modifier, whereby it not necessary to manufacture first paper or other fibrous product, which is sliced into strips and wound to a yarn.
  • maximum length weighed fiber length of the fibers means length weighted fiber length where 90% of fibers are shorter or equal to this length. Fiber length may be measured with any suitable method used in the art.
  • the aqueous suspension in understood to mean any suspension comprising water and fibers originating from any and at least one plant based raw material source, including cellulose pulp, refined pulp, waste paper pulp, peat, fruit pulp, or pulp from annual plants.
  • the fibers may be isolated from any cellulose containing material using chemical, mechanical, thermo-mechanical, or chemi-thermo-mechanical pulping processes.
  • the plant based raw material source may be a virgin source or recycled source or any combination thereof. It may be wood or non-wood material.
  • the wood can be softwood tree such as spruce, pine, fir, larch, douglas-fir or hemlock, or hardwood tree such as birch, aspen, poplar, alder, eucalyptus or acacia, or a mixture of softwoods and hardwoods.
  • the non-wood material can be plant, such as straw, leaves, bark, seeds, hulls, flowers, vegetables or fruits from corn, cotton, wheat, oat, rye, barley, rice, flax, hemp, manilla hemp, sisal hemp, jute, ramie, kenaf, bagasse, bamboo, reed or peat.
  • Suitably virgin fibers originating from pine may be used.
  • Said fibers typically may have average length weighed fiber length from 2 to 3 mm.
  • combinations of longer fibers with shorter ones may be used, for example fibers from pine with fibers from eucalyptus.
  • the aqueous suspension may comprise from 0.1 to 10% w/w, preferably from 0.2 to 2% w/w of fibers originating from any plant based raw material source.
  • suspension may optionally comprise virgin or recycled fibers originating from synthetic materials, such as glass fibers, polymeric fibers, metal fibers, or from natural materials, such as wool fibers, or silk fibers.
  • synthetic materials such as glass fibers, polymeric fibers, metal fibers, or from natural materials, such as wool fibers, or silk fibers.
  • the aqueous suspension may comprise at least one rheology modifier that forms a gel by crosslinking the suspension, suitably selected from alginic acid, alginates such as sodium alginate, pectin, carrageenan, and nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC), or a combination of rheology modifiers.
  • alginic acid alginates such as sodium alginate, pectin, carrageenan, and nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC), or a combination of rheology modifiers.
  • cations particularly divalent or multivalent cations, suitably such as Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Sr 2+ or Ba 2+
  • alginate, pectin and carrageenan (carrageenan cross-links also with K + ) readily form a stable and strong gel.
  • calcium chloride is preferably used.
  • the concentration of salt solution may vary from 1% w/w to 10% w/w.
  • G-block poly-L-guluronic acid (G-block) content of alginate
  • poly-D-galacturonic acid content of pectin or carrageenan and the amount of divalent or multivalent cations (calcium ions) are regarded as being involved in determining gel strength.
  • nanofibrillar cellulose or “nanofibrillated cellulose” refers to a collection of isolated cellulose microfibrils or microfibril bundles derived from cellulose raw material. Microfibrils have typically high aspect ratio: the length might exceed one micrometer while the number-average diameter is typically below 200 nm. The diameter of microfibril bundles can also be larger but generally less than 1 ⁇ m. The smallest microfibrils are similar to so called elementary fibrils, which are typically 2-12 nm in diameter. The dimensions of the fibrils or fibril bundles are dependent on raw material and disintegration method. The nanofibrillar cellulose may also contain some hemicelluloses; the amount is dependent on the plant source.
  • Nanofibrillar cellulose is obtained through disintegration of plant cellulose material and can be called “nanofibrillated cellulose”. “Nanofibrillar cellulose” can also be directly isolated from certain fermentation processes.
  • the cellulose-producing micro-organism of the present invention may be of the genus Acetobacter, Agrobacterium, Rhizobium, Pseudomonas or Alcaligenes, preferably of the genus Acetobacter and more preferably of the species Acetobacter xylinum or Acetobacter pasteurianus.
  • “Nanofibrillar cellulose” can also be any chemically or physically modified derivate of cellulose nanofibrils or nanofibril bundles. The chemical modification could be based for example on carboxymethylation, oxidation, esterification, or etherification reaction of cellulose molecules. Modification could also be realized by physical adsorption of anionic, cationic, or non-ionic substances or any combination of these on cellulose surface. The described modification can be carried out before, after, or during the production of microfibrillar cellulose.
  • the nanofibrillated cellulose can be made of cellulose which is chemically premodified to make it more labile.
  • the starting material of this kind of nanofibrillated cellulose is labile cellulose pulp or cellulose raw material, which results from certain modifications of cellulose raw material or cellulose pulp.
  • N-oxyl mediated oxidation e.g. 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidine N-oxide
  • leads to very labile cellulose material which is easy to disintegrate to microfibrillar cellulose.
  • patent applications WO 09/084566 and JP 20070340371 disclose such modifications.
  • NFC-L nanofibrillated cellulose manufactures through this kind of premodification or “labilization”
  • NFC-N nanofibrillated cellulose which is made of not labilized or “normal” cellulose
  • the nanofibrillated cellulose is preferably made of plant material where the nanofibrils can be obtained from secondary cell walls.
  • One abundant source is wood fibres.
  • the nanofobrillated cellulose is manufactured by homogenizing wood-derived fibrous raw material, which may be chemical pulp.
  • NFC-L is manufactured from wood fibres
  • the cellulose is labilized by oxidation before the disintegration to nanofibrils.
  • the disintegration in some of the above-mentioned equipment produces nanofibrils which have the diameter of only some nanometers, which is 50 nm at the most and gives a clear dispersion in water.
  • the nanofibrils can be reduced to size where the diameter of most of the fibrils is in the range of only 2-20 nm only.
  • the fibrils originating in secondary cell walls are essentially crystalline with degree of crystallinity of at least 55%.
  • Said rheology modifier may be used in an amount from 0.1 to 20 weight %. Concentration of the rheology modifier, such as alginate is preferably 0.5-20% w/w.
  • the suspension may comprise also at least one dispersion agent that is typically anionic long chained polymer or NFC, or a combination of dispersion agents.
  • suitable dispersion agents are carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), starch (anionic or neutral) and anionic polyacrylamides (APAM), having high molecular weight.
  • Dispersion agent modifies the suspension rheology to make the suspension shear thinning. Preferably at high shear rates (500 1/s) shear viscosity is less than 10% of zero shear viscosity of the suspension.
  • Said dispersion agent may be used in an amount from 0.1 to 20 weight %.
  • the aqueous suspension may be in the form of foam, and in that case the suspension comprises at least one surfactant selected from anionic surfactants and non-ionic surfactants and any combinations thereof, typically in an amount from 0.001 to 1% w/w.
  • the suspension may comprise other additives selected from hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity agents, colorants, decorative agents, elasticity modifiers, tensile strength modifiers, or strength modifiers, such as starch, gums or water-soluble polyelectrolytes, decorative pieces such as metal powder etc.
  • the aqueous suspension is obtained using any suitable mixing method known in the art.
  • suspension is directed through at least one nozzle.
  • the amount of nozzles is selected depending on the manufacturing equipment used and on the product which is manufactured.
  • any nozzle or extruder suitable for liquids and viscous fluids may be used.
  • a nozzle is used comprising an inner die or orifice for the suspension and outer die or orifice for an aqueous solution comprising at least one cation (as a salt, such as calcium chloride or magnesium sulphite).
  • the solution comprising the cation (salt) may be provided as a spray or mist when using nozzles with one orifice.
  • the cation when brought with contact for example with alginate or alginic acid, effects very rapid increase on the viscosity of the aqueous suspension whereby the strength of the yarn is increased, making the embodiment of the method utilizing gravitational force very attractive.
  • the inner diameter of the outlet of the nozzle is smaller than or equal to the maximum length weighed fiber length of the fibers. This helps to orientate the fibers essentially in the direction of the yarn and provides strength and flexibility to the product.
  • the suspension is conducted through the nozzle(s), which is arranged suitably vertically to provide a continuous yearn of the suspension below each nozzle, falling freely with the aid of gravitational force.
  • a suspension comprising a rheology modifier selected from alginic acid, sodium alginate, pectin and carrageenan, together with a solution comprising a cation.
  • the suspension comprises also a dispersion agent.
  • the yarn has sufficient strength and thus no supporting bodies are needed, it can be dewatered and subjected to finishing and other optional steps if needed.
  • the nozzle(s) may also be arranged in a direction deviating from the vertical direction.
  • the nozzle(s) may be arranged in the vicinity of pieces comprising gutters, where the nozzle directs the flow of the suspension in the gutters, acting as supporting bodies, to provide the yarn.
  • the gutters are arranged spirally on the surface cylindrical drums as presented in FIG. 1 .
  • the number of nozzles is preferably the same as the number of gutters.
  • the yarn is subjected to dewatering which may include methods based on vacuum, mechanical pressing and/or thermal drying.
  • dewatering may be carried out by methods utilizing vacuum, mechanical pressing, convection, conduction or radiation of heat, by any suitable heating means such as heated airflow, IR, or contact with heated surface.
  • the dry yarn After the dry yarn is obtained, it may be subjected to optional finishing selected from pressing, twisting, shredding, pleating, coloring, waxing and any combinations thereof.
  • the yarn may also be treated with dyes, wax, or silicon oil to provide transparent yarn.
  • Fiber suspension ( 100 ) comprising fibers and at least one rheology modifier is directed, for example by pumping or feeding from container(s) ( 10 ), which may be a pulp tank, using any means for transferring liquids, suitably a pump (not shown in the figure) through nozzles ( 20 a, 20 b and 20 c ), ( 30 a, 30 b and 30 c ) and ( 40 a, 40 b and 40 c ) to gutters ( 22 a, 22 b and 22 c ), ( 32 a, 32 b and 32 c ) and ( 42 a, 42 b and 42 c ), whereby a moist yarn is formed.
  • Said nozzles are arranged in the vicinity of cylindrical and rotating pieces ( 21 ), ( 31 ) and ( 41 ), suitably grooved vacuum cylinders where the grooves or gutters are perforated, and the outlet of each nozzle ( 20 a, 20 b and 20 c ), ( 30 a, 30 b and 30 c ) and ( 40 a, 40 b and 40 c ) is arranged to direct the spray from each nozzle to a gutter ( 22 a, 22 b and 22 c ), ( 32 a, 32 b and 32 c ) and ( 42 a, 42 b and 42 c ) on the cylindrical and rotating pieces ( 21 ), ( 31 ) and ( 41 ).
  • the number of cylindrical pieces is three, however it may vary from one piece to tens and even hundreds of pieces.
  • the cylindrical pieces may be of any suitable material, preferably of material which can be heated.
  • the gutters ( 22 a, 22 b and 22 c ), ( 32 a, 32 b and 32 c ) and ( 42 a, 42 b and 42 c ) are formed on surface of the cylindrical pieces and each of them form a spiral on said piece. The form, width and depth of the gutter may be chosen upon the yarn or product which is manufactured.
  • the cylindrical pieces, suitably drums, are suitably rotated at constant speed.
  • the moist yarn is dewatered with suitable dewatering means, such as drying means, with heated vacuum cylindrical drums ( 21 , 31 , 41 ), where the heating of the drums is carried out by methods known as such, or by providing heated air flow ( 60 ), with IR, with vacuum ( 70 ) or with any other suitable drying means or combinations thereof.
  • suitable dewatering means such as drying means
  • heated vacuum cylindrical drums 21 , 31 , 41
  • heated air flow 60
  • IR with vacuum
  • 70 any other suitable drying means or combinations thereof.
  • the dry yarn ( 51 , 52 , and 53 ) is transferred from the cylindrical drums to optional finishing, twisting, dyeing etc or use.
  • FIG. 2 a cross-section picture of a nozzle ( 200 ), in this embodiment a circular nozzle is shown.
  • the fiber suspension ( 210 ) is fed through the inner die or orifice ( 201 ) and if salt or other chemicals ( 220 ) are used for crosslinking they may be fed through outer die or orifice ( 202 ).
  • salt or other chemicals ( 220 ) are used for crosslinking they may be fed through outer die or orifice ( 202 ).
  • Other cross-section geometries besides circular may as well be used, such as elliptical or rectangular.
  • Moist yarn obtained from the nozzle initially contains water typically from 30 to 99.5% w/w. In the dewatering step the yarn may be dried to desired water content.
  • the manufacturing method is very simple and effective, and the equipment needed is simple and relatively cheap.
  • the yarn is produced directly from the fiber suspension; it is not necessary to manufacture first paper.
  • Traditional paper yarn may be replaced with the product obtainable by the method, for use as replacer for traditional yarns in textiles, decorative products, construction and composite materials.
  • Thinner and thicker yarns may be produced ad the properties of the yarns may be varied, such as strength, flexibility, colour, hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity etc.
  • the rheology of the fiber suspension may be adjusted using rheology modifiers to the viscosity and thixotropy range where the fiber suspension can be pumped through the nozzle without clogging it, but simultaneously to provide a moist yarn typically in gel form, which has sufficient strength to maintain its form during the drying step.
  • the rheology modifier gives shear thinning nature and strength to the yarn; in the case alginate is used a dispersion agent is typically also needed and the treatment of the moist yarn with a salt solution to provide sufficient strength.
  • the selection of the inner diameter of the outlet of the nozzle to smaller than or equal to the maximum length weighed fiber length of the fibers achieves the fibers to orientate in the direction of the yarn, which provides the final product flexibility and strength.
  • the water released after drying may be recovered by condensing and recycled in the method, for example by using a closed system, and thus practically no wastewater is formed. Also the amount of water needed in the process is very limited, particularly in the embodiment where the fiber suspension is provided in the form of foam.
  • Very thin to very thick yarns and ropes may be produced, which may be twisted together to provide products suitable for weaving, knitting, manufacture of carpets, blankets, textiles, dressings etc.
  • very soft yarns may be produced for example from bamboo with alginates, particularly suitable for the manufacture or textiles and clothes.
  • very thick ropes may be produced, which may be used for example in interior decoration etc. purposes, as well as yarn and rope suitable for construction industry and in the manufacture of composite structures where the yarn is embedded in a matrix, such as a polymer.
  • the composition of the fiber suspension may be adjusted according to the product that is manufactured.
  • the product is completely biodegradable if the starting materials used are natural materials.
  • the need of cotton may be reduced with the method and products of the present invention, where the fibers originate at least partly from more ecological plant material, such as wood and recycled paper.
  • long fiber pulp suitably manufactured from Nordic pine, may be used in the method to provide a yarn having the thickness of less than 0.1 mm and very good strength properties.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
US14/343,928 2011-09-08 2012-09-10 Method for the manufacture of fibrous yarn Abandoned US20140331893A1 (en)

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FI20115882A FI20115882A0 (fi) 2011-09-08 2011-09-08 Menetelmä kuitulangan valmistamiseksi
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US14/984,101 Abandoned US20160108560A1 (en) 2011-09-08 2015-12-30 Method for the manufacture of fibrous yarn
US15/045,286 Abandoned US20160160399A1 (en) 2011-09-08 2016-02-17 Method for the manufacture of fibrous yarn
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US15/045,286 Abandoned US20160160399A1 (en) 2011-09-08 2016-02-17 Method for the manufacture of fibrous yarn
US17/017,807 Active 2033-10-01 US11685096B2 (en) 2011-09-08 2020-09-11 Method for manufacturing fibrous yarn

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JP2018514658A (ja) * 2015-04-28 2018-06-07 スピンノヴァ オイＳｐｉｎｎｏｖａ Ｏｙ 繊維性糸の製造のための、化学的方法およびシステム
US10544524B2 (en) * 2015-04-28 2020-01-28 Spinnova Oy Mechanical method and system for the manufacture of fibrous yarn and fibrous yarn
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US20150259830A1 (en) 2015-09-17
EP3162931C0 (fr) 2023-07-12
WO2013034814A1 (fr) 2013-03-14
ES2955551T3 (es) 2023-12-04
US20160160399A1 (en) 2016-06-09
US20160108560A1 (en) 2016-04-21
US11685096B2 (en) 2023-06-27
EP3162931A1 (fr) 2017-05-03
EP3162931B1 (fr) 2023-07-12
US9200383B2 (en) 2015-12-01
US20200406525A1 (en) 2020-12-31
FI20115882A0 (fi) 2011-09-08
EP2753738B1 (fr) 2016-11-09

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