US20140216490A1 - Applicator - Google Patents

Applicator Download PDF

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Publication number
US20140216490A1
US20140216490A1 US14/176,019 US201414176019A US2014216490A1 US 20140216490 A1 US20140216490 A1 US 20140216490A1 US 201414176019 A US201414176019 A US 201414176019A US 2014216490 A1 US2014216490 A1 US 2014216490A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
applicator
cps
film
forming composition
zone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US14/176,019
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English (en)
Inventor
David Edward Wilson
Gordon Gerald Guay
Kazuhiro Yamada
Michiko Takai
Maya Mitsumatsu
Iku Hayashi
Matthew Ehrman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Noxell Corp
Galleria Co
Original Assignee
Procter and Gamble Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Procter and Gamble Co filed Critical Procter and Gamble Co
Priority to US14/176,019 priority Critical patent/US20140216490A1/en
Assigned to THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY reassignment THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: WILSON, DAVID EDWARD, HAYASHI, IKU, MITSUMATSU, MAYA, TAKAI, MICHIKO, YAMADA, KAZUHIRO, EHRMAN, MATTHEW, GUAY, GORDON GERALD
Publication of US20140216490A1 publication Critical patent/US20140216490A1/en
Assigned to JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. reassignment JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. IP SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: NOXELL CORPORATION
Assigned to NOXELL CORPORATION reassignment NOXELL CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GALLERIA CO.
Assigned to GALLERIA CO. reassignment GALLERIA CO. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: PROCTER AND GAMBLE COMPANY
Assigned to GALLERIA CO. reassignment GALLERIA CO. CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE THE NAME OF ASSIGNOR PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 040437 FRAME 0133. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNMENT. Assignors: THE PROCTER AND GAMBLE COMPANY
Assigned to JPMORGAN CHASE BANK N.A. reassignment JPMORGAN CHASE BANK N.A. SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NOXELL CORPORATION
Assigned to NOXELL CORPORATION reassignment NOXELL CORPORATION RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A.
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
    • A45D40/00—Casings or accessories specially adapted for storing or handling solid or pasty toiletry or cosmetic substances, e.g. shaving soaps or lipsticks
    • A45D40/26—Appliances specially adapted for applying pasty paint, e.g. using roller, using a ball
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
    • A45D40/00—Casings or accessories specially adapted for storing or handling solid or pasty toiletry or cosmetic substances, e.g. shaving soaps or lipsticks
    • A45D40/26—Appliances specially adapted for applying pasty paint, e.g. using roller, using a ball
    • A45D40/28—Appliances specially adapted for spreading already applied paint
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
    • A45D34/00—Containers or accessories specially adapted for handling liquid toiletry or cosmetic substances, e.g. perfumes
    • A45D34/04—Appliances specially adapted for applying liquid, e.g. using roller or ball

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to an applicator for topically applying a composition to a face.
  • Typical applicators for topically applying facial skin care compositions e.g., foundations
  • facial skin care compositions e.g., foundations
  • These existing applicators typically have a rough, and often porous and absorbent surface, which do not allow for an even and smooth deposition.
  • the applicator is yet a further need for the applicator to be adaptable for use to the diverse contours of a human face (e.g., broad areas as cheeks as well as challenging areas around the nose and eyes) and also intuitive to the user in how to hold and use the applicator.
  • the applicator is sanitary, i.e. allow the applicator to be washed after one or more uses.
  • applicator is also a need for applicator to be able to hold a reservoir of dispensed skin care compositions in the dosing area and keep it from running before being applied to the face.
  • the present invention is directed to solving one or more of these problems. Without wishing to be bound by theory, the present invention identifies the materials, geometry, and methodology to address one or more of the problems.
  • the inventive applicator helps to addresses the need of managing and concealing fine facial hair of a human female.
  • the hair may be vellus hair with shaft diameters ranging from 1 to 30 micro meters to darker terminal hair with shaft diameters typically larger than 30 micrometer to about 120 micrometers.
  • concealing this hair is best achieved by using the applicator of the present invention to smoothly and evenly applying a skin care composition to skin and hair, and concurrently laying down (i.e., flatten) the hair against the skin.
  • results are maximized by stroking the applicator along the grain of the hair. Results may also be maximized by including chemistry in the skin care composition to further minimize the appearance the fine facial hair through opacity and maintaining the adhesion of hair to the skin.
  • one aspect of the invention provides an applicator, configured for topically applying a composition to a face, which comprises a first surface and an opposing second surface, wherein the second surface is a concave surface and the second surface comprises a non-absorbing elastomeric material.
  • a second aspect provides for a method of provide hair minimization to a face comprising the step of topically applying a film-forming composition to the face by the aforementioned applicator.
  • a third aspect of the invention provides for a kit comprising the aforementioned applicator; and a container containing a skin care composition; and optionally use instructions. Manufacturing methods are also provided.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective of an applicator of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of the applicator of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 is a bottom view of the applicator of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 4 is cross sectional front view of the applicator of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 5 is a cross sectional right view of the applicator of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 6 is an exploded view of a cross sectional portion of FIG. 5 .
  • FIG. 7 is an example of kit that has the applicator of FIG. 1 and a secondary package that is capable of containing the applicator and a facial foundation composition.
  • FIG. 8 a is a user topically using the applicator of FIG. 1 on her nose.
  • FIG. 8 b is the user grabbing the applicator in a first position before using the applicator as shown in FIG. 8 a.
  • FIG. 9 a is a user topically using the applicator of FIG. 1 on her nose.
  • FIG. 9 b is the user grabbing the applicator in a second position before using the applicator as shown in FIG. 9 a.
  • FIG. 10 a is a user topically using the applicator of FIG. 1 on her cheek.
  • FIG. 10 b is the user grabbing the applicator in a third position before using the applicator as show in FIG. 10 a.
  • FIG. 11 a is a user topically using the applicator of FIG. 1 on her cheek.
  • FIG. 11 b is showing the user grabbing the applicator in a fourth position before using the applicator as shown in FIG. 11 a.
  • FIG. 12 is a deposition grading scale for even deposition of a formulation from an applicator.
  • a surface of the applicator comprises of a non-absorbing elastomeric material, preferably wherein a first surface and an opposing second surface each comprise a non-absorbing elastomeric material.
  • the surface of the applicator configured to make contact with a facial substrate at least comprises the non-absorbing elastomeric material, wherein preferably the surface is also a concave surface.
  • absorbing materials such as sponges, exhibit many undesirable characteristics for hair lay-down applications. Based on unpublished consumer research, some consumers feel that a portion of the skin care composition is being lost by being absorbed into the sponge and therefore not being completely dosed on to the skin.
  • At least 10%, or 15%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, or 98%, or more of an outer surface area of the applicator comprises a non-absorbing elastomeric surface.
  • less than 100%, or 98%, 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, or 15%, or less; but greater than 10%, of the outer surface area of the applicator comprises a non-absorbing elastomeric material.
  • 40% to 100%, preferably from 50% to 100%, alternatively from 60% to 100%, alternatively combinations thereof, of the outer surface area of the application comprises the non-absorbing elastomeric material.
  • from 5% to 100%, preferably from 10% to 100%, more preferably from 50% to 100%, alternatively from 25% to 75%, alternatively from 10% to 90%, alternatively from 80% to 100%, alternatively combinations thereof, by weight of the applicator comprises a non-absorbing elastomeric material.
  • the applicator comprises 2, 3, 4, 5, or more different types of materials. The different types of materials may or may not all be non-absorbing elastomeric materials.
  • the non-absorbing elastomeric material of the applicator is a combination of a hydrogenated styrene butadiene block copolymer and a silicone fluid, preferably wherein the silicone fluid is a dimethyl silicone fluid.
  • the copolymer compound may be obtained from Kuraray Plastics Co., Ltd (Osaka, Japan); SEPTON COMPOUND JS20N.
  • the dimethyl silicone fluid may be obtained from Momentive Performance Materials Japan LLC (Tokyo, Japan); TSF451 Series of products.
  • the applicator comprises from at least 95%, preferably at least 96%, or 97%, 98%, or at least 99% of the block copolymer by weight of the applicator.
  • the applicator comprises from 90% to 100%, alternatively from 99% to 99.9%, alternatively combinations thereof, of the block copolymer by weight of the applicator.
  • the applicator material further comprises a silicone fluid, preferably from 0.01% to 2%, more preferable from 0.1% to 1.5%, alternatively from 0.5% to 1.2%, alternatively from 0.5% to 1%, alternatively combinations thereof, of the silicone fluid by weight of the applicator.
  • the material of the applicator comprises 99.3% of the block copolymer and 0.7% of the silicone fluid, by weight of the applicator.
  • the material(s) comprising the applicator can be injected molded or caste molded to form the applicator. Alternatively these materials may be vulcanized, thermoformed, assembled and heat welded or welded with adhesives, injection molded, extruded, die cut, cast, or combinations thereof.
  • Non-limiting examples applicator materials that could be used on a surface of the applicator, or even throughout the applicator as a whole, include a polymer containing a heteroatom. Examples may include polyvinylchloride, polyurethanes, polyamides, polyesters, polyacrylates, and polycarbonates. These materials may be used with a plasticizer. In addition, a plurality of these materials may be formed as separate elements and then combined into a single unit (to ultimately make an applicator of the present invention). In one non-limiting example, a variety of materials may be die-cut from sheet stock and then assembled with heat, or adhesives to form a single composite applicator that yields the desired properties of inter alia surface profile, hardness, and flexibility.
  • the applicator is made of several different types of materials.
  • the applicator may be formed of a laminate of materials.
  • one or more outer surfaces of the applicator may have a non-absorbing elastomeric material, whereas materials in the interior of the applicator may include other materials that may include absorbing or non-absorbing materials; or elastomeric or non-elastomeric materials; or combinations thereof.
  • Such embodiments could provide the advantages of the present invention and yet allow for greater design and manufacturing flexibility.
  • These laminates may be made through heat welding, adhesives, or multi sequential step casting or injection molding processes.
  • nonabsorbent materials that could be used throughout the applicator as a whole, in combination, and/or on a surface of the applicator include thermoplastic elastomers, urethanes, and rubber.
  • One aspect of the invention provides the applicator to have an overall surface area from 25 cm 2 to 200 cm 2 , preferably from 30 cm 2 to 100 cm 2 , preferably from 35 cm 2 to 80 cm 2 , alternatively from 40 cm 2 to 60 cm 2 .
  • one surface of the applicator preferably the surface configured to make contact with the skin or facial substrate, is concave.
  • the concave surface preferably has a surface area from 5 cm 2 to 100 cm 2 , preferably from 7 cm 2 to 50 cm 2 , more preferably from 10 cm 2 to 30 cm 2 .
  • not the entire one surface of the applicator (configured to make contact with the skin/facial substrate) will typically make contact with the skin or facial substrate.
  • the percentage of the one surface of the applicator making contact with the skin/facial substrate will depend upon a number of variables including the user's preferences, contour of the face being treated, and amount of composition being applied (at any given time).
  • the concave surface is configured to contain a volume from 0.030 ml to 0.500 ml, alternatively from 0.100 ml to 0.220 ml, alternatively from 0.140 ml to 0.200 ml, alternatively combinations thereof.
  • this volume may be placed the concave surface of the applicator up and determine how much water the concave surface is capable of retaining.
  • this volume may be customized to show the user how much product to dispense during one application cycle.
  • the applicator design or a portion of the design is used to indicate to the user exactly how much skin care composition to dispense.
  • the size of the applicator can be important. Without wishing to be bound by theory, the applicator strikes a balance: in being small enough to provide a relatively compact design (for travel etc.) and suitable for use by the typical sized human female fingers (e.g., about 1 cm in diameter); but large enough to facilitate easy application for larger skin substrate areas (e.g., cheeks), and maintain a user gripable surface away from the skin/facial contact surface (avoiding unwanted contact and composition loss).
  • the length of the applicator ( 1 ) is its longest dimension when placed along a horizontal plane ( 35 ) (e.g., a level table top).
  • the width of the applicator ( 1 ) is measured perpendicular to its length along the same horizontal plane ( 35 ).
  • the thickest portion of the applicator ( 1 ), per the applicator ( 1 ) described by the figures herein, is at the center vertical axis ( 37 ).
  • the length of the applicator is from 45 mm to 70 mm, preferably from 50 mm to 65 mm, alternatively from 55 mm to 60 mm, alternatively combinations thereof.
  • the width of the applicator is from 30 mm to 60 mm, preferably from 35 mm to 55 mm, alternatively from 40 mm to 50 mm, alternatively combinations thereof.
  • a thickness of the applicator is from 0.5 mm to 5 mm, alternatively from 1 mm to 4 mm.
  • the thickness, measured at the center vertical axis ( 37 ), is from 1 mm to 4 mm, alternatively from 2 mm to 3.5 mm, alternatively from 3 mm to 4 mm, alternatively combination thereof.
  • the thickest portion of the application is from 1 mm to 4 mm, alternatively from 2 mm to 3.5 mm, alternatively from 3 mm to 4 mm, alternatively combination thereof.
  • the thickness of the applicator does not exceed 6 mm, preferably does not exceed 5 mm, alternatively does not exceed 4 mm.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a non-limiting example of an applicator.
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of the applicator of FIG. 1
  • FIG. 2 is a bottom view.
  • the applicator ( 1 ) may have at least two zones ( 3 , 6 ) defined by varying thicknesses.
  • the outer zone ( 6 ) is defined being nearest the outside periphery of the applicator ( 1 ) and having a thickness less than inner zone ( 3 ).
  • An inner zone ( 3 ) includes the center of the applicator ( 1 ).
  • the circumferential edge ( 9 ) and is defined as the outer most peripheral edge of the applicator ( 9 ), generally defining an elliptical shape.
  • the outer zone ( 6 ) has substantially the same thickness throughout.
  • the inner zone ( 3 ) is thicker than the outer zone ( 6 ).
  • an inter-zone border ( 13 ) demarcates the intersection between the outer zone ( 6 ) and the inner zone ( 3 ) on the first surface ( 31 ) of the applicator ( 1 ).
  • the inter-zone border ( 13 ) forms an elliptical shape (or any other shape including a curvilinear one) that mimics the elliptical shape (or any other shape) defined by the circumferential edge ( 9 )).
  • the inner zone ( 3 ) has an ellipsoidal portion protruding from the first surface ( 31 ).
  • the inner zone ( 3 ) increases in thickness from the inter-zone border ( 13 ) toward the center of the applicator ( 1 ).
  • the surface area of the first surface ( 31 ) of the inner zone ( 3 ) is from 1 cm 2 to 5 cm 2 , preferably from 2 cm 2 to 4 cm 2 .
  • the length of the inner zone ( 3 ), along the major axis (not shown), may be from 15 to 25 mm, preferably from 18 to 22 mm, alternatively combinations thereof.
  • the width of the inner zone ( 3 ), along the minor axis (not shown), is from 9 mm to 19 mm, alternatively from 11 mm to 17 mm, alternatively 12 mm to 15 mm, alternatively combinations thereof. In one non-limiting example, the length and the width of the inner zone ( 3 ) is 20 mm and 14 mm, respectively.
  • the applicator ( 1 ) has an overall oval shape (as the curvilinear shape) defined by the circumferential edge ( 9 ).
  • the inter-zone border ( 13 ) forms an oval shape.
  • the inner zone ( 3 ) has an ovoidal portion protruding from the first surface ( 31 )
  • the outer zone ( 6 ) generally has uniform thickness throughout the outer zone from 0.5 mm to 3 mm, preferably 1 mm to 2.5 mm, more preferably from 1 mm to 2 mm.
  • the inner zone ( 3 ) has a thickness from 1.5 mm to 5 mm, preferably from 2.5 mm to 4.5 mm, more preferably from 3 mm to 4 mm.
  • the first surface ( 31 ) of the applicator ( 1 ) opposes the second surface ( 32 ).
  • the second surface ( 32 ) is concave whereas the first surface is generally convex. It is the second surface that is configured to primarily make contact with the facial substrate.
  • the second surface ( 32 ) of the applicator ( 1 ) has at least two relevant radii (when the applicator ( 1 ) is has an overall elliptical shape).
  • R 5 ( 24 ), or the fifth radius is the longest distance of an axis between: where the center vertical axis ( 37 ) intersects the second surface ( 32 ); and where circumferential edge ( 2 ) intersects the horizontal plane ( 35 ).
  • R 6 ( 26 ), or the sixth radius is the shortest distance of an axis between: where the center vertical axis ( 37 ) intersects the second surface ( 32 ); and where circumferential edge ( 2 ) intersects the horizontal plane ( 35 ).
  • R 5 ( 25 ) is along the plane of the major axis and R 6 ( 26 ) is along the plane of the minor axis. Accordingly R 5 ( 25 ) is longer than R 6 ( 26 ).
  • R 5 ( 25 ) is from 19 mm to 39 mm, preferably from 24 mm to 34 mm, alternatively from 26 mm to 32 mm, alternatively 25 to 30 mm, alternatively from 28 mm to 33 mm, alternatively combinations thereof.
  • R 6 ( 26 ) is from 12 mm to 32 mm, preferably from 17 mm to 27 mm, alternatively from 19 mm to 25 mm, alternatively from 20 mm to 24 mm, alternatively combinations thereof.
  • the second surface ( 32 ) of the applicator is free or substantially free of any protrusions or texturing.
  • the R 5 ( 25 ) and R 6 ( 26 ) are 28.25 mm and 22 mm, respectively.
  • FIG. 4 is cross sectional front view of the applicator of FIG. 1 along the minor axis.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross sectional right view along the major axis of the applicator of FIG. 1 .
  • the second surface ( 32 ) of the applicator ( 1 ) is generally concave. Accordingly, there is a gap between the second surface ( 32 ) and the horizontal plane ( 35 ) when the applicator ( 1 ) is placed on the horizontal plane ( 35 ) without any force being exerted onto the first surface ( 31 ). It is the second surface ( 32 ), along the circumferential edge ( 9 ), that makes contact with the horizontal plane ( 35 ).
  • the maximum gap distance (not shown) is the maximum distance between the second surface ( 32 ) and the horizontal plane ( 35 ).
  • the maximum gap distance is measured along the center vertical axis ( 37 ).
  • the maximum gap distance is from 1 mm to 5 mm, preferably from 2 mm to 4 mm. In one non-limiting example the maximum gap distance is 3 mm, and the thickest portion of the applicator ( 1 ) is at the center vertical axis ( 37 ) and is at 3.3 mm.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates: R 1 , or first radius ( 21 ); and R 2 , or the second radius ( 22 ). These are not drawn to scale.
  • the circumcenter of R 1 ( 21 ) and R 2 ( 22 ) are each located along the center vertical axis ( 37 ) and the plane of the minor axis of the applicator ( 1 ).
  • R 1 ( 21 ) is the radius of the arc of the first surface ( 31 ) of the inner zone ( 3 ) of the applicator ( 1 ) along the minor axis.
  • R 2 ( 22 ) is the radius of the arc of the first surface ( 31 ) of the outer zone ( 6 ) of the applicator ( 1 ) along the minor axis.
  • R 1 ( 21 ) is from 9 mm to 19 mm, preferably from 11 mm to 17 mm, more preferably from 12 mm to 16 mm, alternatively combinations thereof.
  • R 2 ( 22 ) is from 53 mm to 93 mm, preferably from 63 mm to 83 mm, alternatively from 67 mm to 79 mm, alternatively from 70 mm to 76 mm, alternatively combinations thereof.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates: R 3 , or third radius ( 23 ); and R 4 , or the fourth radius ( 24 ).
  • the respective circumcenter of R 3 ( 23 ) and R 4 ( 24 ) are each located along the center vertical axis ( 37 ) and the plane of the major axis (not shown) of the applicator ( 1 ).
  • R 3 ( 23 ) is the radius of the arc of the first surface of the outerzone ( 6 ) of the applicator ( 1 ) along the major axis.
  • R 4 ( 24 ) is the radius of the art of the first surface of the inner zone ( 3 ) of the applicator ( 1 ) along the major axis.
  • R 3 ( 23 ) is from 21 mm to 33 mm, preferably from 23 mm to 31 mm, alternatively from 25 mm to 29 mm, alternatively combinations thereof.
  • R 4 ( 24 ) is from 120 mm to 200 mm, preferably from 130 mm to 190 mm, preferably from 140 mm to 180 mm, alternatively from 150 mm to 166 mm, alternatively from 152 mm to 164 mm, alternatively combinations thereof.
  • FIG. 6 is an exploded and cross sectional view of the applicator ( 1 ) nearest the circumferential edge ( 9 ).
  • FIG. 6 illustrates R 7 , or the seventh radius ( 27 ).
  • R 7 ( 27 ) is the radius of the arc of the circumferential edge ( 9 ) measured from the outer surface thereof.
  • Preferably R 7 is the same circumferentially around the applicator ( 1 ). In one embodiment, R 7 ( 27 ) is 0.01 mm to 2 mm.
  • the mass of the applicator is from 1.0 g to 500 g.
  • the larger thickness may provide for improved mold processing.
  • the ellipsoidal shaped protrusion (or any other shaped protrusion) of inner zone ( 3 ) from the first surface ( 31 ) of the applicator ( 1 ) may help novice users under the proper orientation of their fingers for use and perhaps avoiding having their fingers slip during use.
  • the protrusion may help in the rigidity of the applicator at its center to help evenly distribute downward forces to the circumferential edge ( 9 ).
  • the size of the protrusion may help visualize for the user how much of the skin care composition should be dosed.
  • processing may be improved with the protrusion by making applicator easier to separate should any co-adhesion happen during bulk packing.
  • Another aspect of the invention provides for the applicator to have the right balance in bending force. There needs to be enough bending force as to provide hair lay-down benefits but not too much so as to provide insufficient flexibility to accommodate the complex contours of the human face.
  • Tables 1a and 1b summarizes dimensions of ten applicators (and standard deviation).
  • Tables 2a and 2b summarize results from bending force testing from the applicators described in Tables 1 and 1b.
  • Each of the ten applicators are assessed for bending force at various locations at the applicator.
  • the average force values (Newton) and standard deviations are summarized in Table 2a and Table 2b below.
  • An INSTRON branded model is a suitable instrument for assessing bending force.
  • the instrument has a stainless steel probe with a circular and flat (1 cm diameter) contact zone, and is affixed to the load cell of the instrument. The probe depresses in a down direction (i.e., orthogonally down to a level bench top).
  • the bending force is assessed at the circumferential edge ( 9 ), at the respective major and minor axis of the elliptical shaped applicator ( 1 ), and at the respective first surface ( 31 ) and the second surface ( 32 ).
  • the contact zone of the probe is brought to bear on the circumferential edge ( 9 ) so that the center of the probe is in contact with the outermost edge of the circumferential edge ( 9 ) (at the respective surfaces ( 31 , 32 )).
  • the applicator ( 1 ) is affixed in a C-clamp for the force measurement, wherein the C-clamp clamps the applicator at the geometric center of the applicator on the first surface ( 31 ) and the second surface ( 32 ).
  • the C-clamp has a contact surface areas of 0.25 cm 2 for each clamp on the respective surfaces ( 31 , 32 ). The contact areas of each clamp are circular and flat.
  • Force measurements are taken at the major axis and minor axis of the applicator ( 1 ).
  • the second surface ( 32 ) is face down, i.e., concave surface facing down, with the contact zone of the probe brought to bear on the first surface ( 31 ) at the major and minor axis.
  • the second surface ( 32 ) facing up i.e., concave surface facing up, with the contact zone of the probe brought to bear on the second surface ( 32 ) of the applicator ( 1 ) at the major and minor axis.
  • the percent difference in bending force of the respective surfaces ( 31 , 32 ), at the respective axis is compared.
  • Table 2a is directed to the minor axis and Table 2b is directed to the major axis.
  • the preferred range of downward resistance force against the skin at the outward edges of the applicator used to doctor the material inward and through the trailing edge of the applicator and distributed onto the skin should broadly range from 0.01804 Newton force to 0.20224 Newton force.
  • the more preferred range of forces resistance for the sides, or minor axis, should be between the range of 0.04874 to 0.17154 Newton force.
  • the most preferred lateral downward resistance should be between 0.07944 and 0.14084 Newton forces.
  • the Major Axis downward resistance on the skin needed to doctor a sufficient film of material through the trailing edge of the applicator is preferred to be from 0.03157 to 0.15463 Newton force.
  • the more preferred range of resistance pressure is 0.05208 to 0.13412 Newton force.
  • the most preferred range of resistance is 0.06153 to 0.11361 Newton force.
  • the bending force against the second surface ( 32 ) is greater than the bending force against the first surface ( 31 ).
  • the complex curvature in the Z axis (i.e., “cup shape”) of the applicator forms an internal force distribution within the applicator.
  • the shape coupled with the use of the elastomeric materials described herein, enables even and smooth deposition of skin care compositions to the facial substrate.
  • This internal force distribution enables the appropriate amount of downward pressure at the contact points of the applicator against the facial substrate for composition application, but also provides the appropriate amount of pressure to maintain a reservoir of the composition that precedes the contacting edge to offer an even flow of composition to the contacting edge (and thus facial substrate) during use. Furthermore, this bias of the bending force between the surfaces ( 31 , 32 ) also enables less of the user's finger pressure during application and thus a more even distribution of downwards pressure against the facial substrate. This allows for a wider range of user back finger pressure variations and yet still achieving the desired even and smooth composition deposition.
  • One aspect of the invention provides for an applicator ( 1 ) wherein the first surface ( 31 ) has a first bending force measured at the circumferential edge ( 9 ), and the second surface ( 32 ) has a second bending force measured at the circumferential edge ( 9 ), wherein the second bending force is at least 1.1 times, preferably from 1.1 to 10, more preferably from 1.5 to 5, alternatively 2 to 5, alternatively combinations thereof, times greater than the first bending force.
  • One aspect of the invention provides an applicator that has a smooth surface, preferably the surface that is configured to make contact with the target skin substrate. Such a smooth surface provides more effective application of skin care composition, particularly for providing hair lay-down benefits.
  • One way of measuring the smooth surface of the applicator is by way of surface friction.
  • One suitable way of analyzing friction is by using a “KES-SE” Friction Tester, manufactured by Kato Tech Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan.
  • a non-limiting applicator of the present invention measures a coefficient of friction or “COF” of 0.65 (a control “roughness plate” measuring at 0.43 (typically measuring between 0.36 to 0.45).
  • the COF of a virgin applicator is from 0.5 to 0.9, alternatively from 0.55 to 0.75.
  • an exterior surface of the applicator ( 1 ) (preferably the second surface ( 32 )), comprises a surface energy from 17 dynes/cm to 37 dynes/cm, preferably from 32 dynes/cm to 42 dynes/cm, alternatively combinations thereof.
  • the hardness value of a non-limiting example of an applicator is assessed at 39.8 on Durometer Scale A.
  • the applicator comprises a Hardness value measured on Durometer Scale A from 30 to 60, preferably from 35 to 50.
  • the softness/pliability of the material should allow more force at the trailing edge.
  • Applicator durometers were measured with a Shore Scale A (Asker Durometer model XP-A) durometer tester.
  • the skin care composition suitable for topical application to skin by the applicator may be essentially any dermatologically safe composition.
  • the composition contains one or more ingredients to soften hair (e.g., glycerol) to work in combination with the applicator to minimize the appearance of hair, preferably facial hair, preferably fine facial hair on a human female.
  • the composition contains one or more ingredients to cover the fine facial hair such as foundation.
  • the skin care composition comprises both hair softening ingredients as well as hair or skin covering agents (e.g., pigments). While pigments may be used, an alternative preferred composition is essentially free of pigments. In other embodiments, the pigment level may be normal or a reduced level of pigment may be used.
  • the skin care composition will not clog skin pores; is suitable for sensitive skin, and is dermatologically tested.
  • the skin care composition is a film forming composition to provide, in part, hair lay-down benefits.
  • Film-forming compositions e.g., MQ resins are known in the art. See e.g., WO 97/17057; WO 98/52515.
  • the skin care composition generally has a higher viscosity.
  • a more viscous composition can provide better coverage or application to a face since it will not run as compared to less viscous compositions, thereby allowing more time for the composition to be applied by the user via the applicator and more time for the composition to be absorbed by the facial skin and fine facial hair.
  • the applicator of the present invention is particularly suitable for applying such higher viscosity composition. All stated viscosities in the present application are Brookfield viscosities, unless otherwise specified.
  • Suitable Brookfield viscosity ranges for the skin care composition may include those from 100 centipoise (cps) to 200,000 cps, preferably from 15,000 cps to 90,000 cps, more preferably from 15,000 cps to 60,000 cps, alternatively for an applicator with 39.8 Shore A hardness the preferable ranges are from 15,000 cps to 40,000 cps, and alternatively combinations thereof.
  • One suitable way of measuring viscosity includes using a Brookfield RVT, Spindle C, in Heliopath mode, at 5 rotations per minute (RPM) spindle speed (and under ambient conditions).
  • the second surface ( 32 ) of the applicator ( 1 ) having a concave surface may help to retain the skin care composition while the user dispenses the composition onto the second surface.
  • the concave second surface of the applicator acts as a reservoir during the use of the applicator so the skin care composition is applied more from the center of the applicator. This is in sharp contrast to some other applicators that act as a rectilinear squeegee moving the skin care composition to the either side of the applicator.
  • the viscosity of the skin care composition may have a significant impact on the effective coverage of the product on skin using the applicator of the present invention.
  • Low viscosity compositions used with a high Shore A applicator may not dispense well from the applicator because the fluid may not develop sufficient fluid dynamic resistance to overcome the downward force of the applicator's trailing edge.
  • high viscosity compositions, when used in combination with a low Shore A applicator may result in uneven deposition due to the high level of fluid dynamic resistance and relatively low trailing edge force.
  • the skin care compositions that are used in combination with the applicator of the present invention have a viscosity which correlates to the hardness of the applicator.
  • the skin care composition will have a viscosity of about 15,000 cps to 40,000 cps.
  • the skin care composition will have a viscosity of about 68,000 cps to 90,000 cps.
  • the skin care composition will have a viscosity of about 100 cps to 90,000 cps, more preferably, between about 15,000 cps to 90,000 cps.
  • the shear thinning behavior of the skin care formulation is also important for even deposition due to the fact application shear rates are >100 s ⁇ 1 .
  • the applicator When used, the applicator is in motion, exerting a shear stress on the fluid. As a result, a velocity gradient is exerted and high shear rates are created due to the small gap thickness.
  • a typical shear rate for “spreading” or “rubbing” is >100 s ⁇ 1 and as a result, a shear thinning product will exert less resistance to spreading.
  • Viscosities were defined as a Brookfield Viscosity which is a common industrial method to quantify the structure of the fluid.
  • steady state flow curves using a TA instrument AR-G2 rheometer was created by exerting the fluid to increasing shear stresses and measuring the resulting viscosity. As is common to those known in the field, the data was then fit to the constitutive Carreau Model to fit the data to a common shear rate (in this case 10 and 100 s ⁇ 1 ).
  • the Durometer measured hardness of the applicator material having the same geometry can be varied through composition to create a more ideal hardness of applicator for a particular product fluid viscosity.
  • the applicator Durometer hardness may be ranged from Shore A 20 to Shore A 80, more preferably Shore A 30 to Shore A 65 and specifically Shore A 39 to Shore A 59.
  • a Shore A hardness of 39.8 has best product deposition performance for viscosities ranging from 100 cps to 19,900 cps.
  • an applicator with Shore A hardness of 47 created the most preferable deposition pattern with product viscosities between 20K cps and 69.9K cps.
  • an applicator with a Shore A hardness of 59 delivers a more preferred deposition pattern with viscosities from 70K to 200K cps.
  • Cosmetic compositions were prepared by conventional methods from the following components.
  • Example 4 in a suitable vessel, all hydrophilic and water soluble components except a thickener (SEPIGEL 305 *26 and MAKIMOUSSE 12 *27) were blended together, and mixed until all of the components were dissolved. Thickeners were added the mixture and the mixture was gently mixed.
  • a thickener SEPIGEL 305 *26 and MAKIMOUSSE 12 *27
  • Non-limiting examples of skin care compositions that may be used in combination with the applicator of the present invention include: US 2005/0255059 A1, paragraph 202, examples 12 and 13; WO 97/17057; and US 2005/0238679 A1.
  • a composition comprises: 0.3-10 wt % (preferably 3-6 wt %) of a silicone resin (e.g., MQ resins (trimethylsiloxysilicate) and MQ resins blends from Dow Corning); 5-15 wt % (preferably 8-12 wt %) of glycerin; 2-10 wt % (preferably 4 to 8 wt %) of TiO 2 (e.g., TiO 2 coated talc or silicone treated TiO 2 ); and 30% to 70% water.
  • Film forming skin compositions are well known in the beauty care arts.
  • 21 arm hairs with various lengths are implanted in artificial skin such as Bio Skin (model No. H064-001) from Beaulax Co., Ltd. (Japan) Hair length is in the range of 0.5-1.8 cm after implanted in the artificial skin. Excess hairs at the backside of the artificial skin are cut and glue such as cyanoacrylate type instant glue is applied to the backside to adhere hairs on the artificial skin. 0.0125 g (0.0005 g/cm2) of a test sample is applied on the Bio Skin by a finger with finger sack until the sample is evenly distributed. 5 min later, each hair is rated based on a grading sheet of FIG. 1 . An average hair lay down rate is calculated by dividing total of rating numbers by total numbers of hair. The number of hairs and the amount of a sample can be adjusted.
  • glue such as cyanoacrylate type instant glue
  • the arms of human subjects were treated with product using a rubber finger sack and evaluated using the following procedure:
  • Test 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Product None Ex. 3 CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5 CP7 CP8 Subject 1 Avg. Height (cm) 1.51 0.11 0.22 0.52 0.45 0.52 0.73 0.94 1.14 % of Hairs lay down 0 81 68 51 42 46 36 27 20 Subject 2 Avg. Height (cm) 0.98 0.07 0.19 0.43 0.56 0.29 0.53 0.37 0.39 % of Hairs lay down 0 91 77 58 48 64 55 61 47
  • a visual grading scale as shown in FIG. 12 , was used. It shows grade variety with pictures. The visual results were translated into relative quantitative data.
  • the L* axis represents Lightness. This is vertical; from 0, which has no lightness (i.e. absolute black), at the bottom; through 50 in the middle, to 100 which is maximum lightness (i.e. absolute white) at the top.
  • the c* axis represents Chroma or ‘saturation’. This ranges from 0 at the centre of the circle, which is completely unsaturated (i.e. a neutral grey, black or white) to 100 or more at the edge of the circle for very high Chroma (saturation) or ‘colour purity’.
  • the h* axis represents Hue. If we take a horizontal slice through the centre, cutting the ‘sphere’ (‘apple’) in half, we see a coloured circle. Around the edge of the circle we see every possible saturated colour, or Hue. This circular axis is known as h° for Hue.
  • the units are in the form of degrees° (or angles), ranging from 0° (red) through 90° (yellow), 180° (green), 270° (blue) and back to 0°.
  • An advantage of the present invention is the flexibility in how the applicator may be used to apply a skin care composition to a face.
  • many women are unsatisfied with prior art applicators (for various reasons) and will even resort to simply using their finger(s).
  • the human face has a complicated geometry. Areas around the nose need a relatively small applicator whereas a cheek is a relatively large area that lends itself to applicators that cover broader areas. Having an applicator that also is efficient, i.e., minimizes application time, is also desired by many women. Therefore, there is a need to provide an applicator, that not only that provides hair lay-down benefits, but also is adaptable to the complex geometry of the human face.
  • the applicator ( 1 ) lends itself to applying skin compositions to the relatively confining skin areas around the nose and around the eye ( 49 ) where more precise control is desirable.
  • the user may lay a index finger ( 41 ) along the major axis of the applicator ( 1 ) on first surface ( 31 ) of the applicator ( 1 ).
  • the index finger ( 41 ) or fore finger is located between a user's middle finger ( 42 ) and thumb ( 43 ).
  • the user may then roll the opposing edges of the minor axis of the applicator ( 1 ) by way of the middle finger ( 42 ) and the thumb ( 43 ) so the applicator ( 1 ) rolls at least partially around the index finger ( 41 ) and his held in the position by pressure being exerted by the thumb ( 43 ) and middle finger ( 42 ) on to the applicator ( 1 ) against the index finger ( 41 ).
  • the use of this configuration is shown in FIG. 8 a where the user is essentially using her index finger ( 41 ) to apply the applicator to the area between the nose ( 44 ) and cheek ( 45 ), wherein the second surface ( 32 ) of the applicator ( 1 ) is making contact with the target facial skin.
  • the index finger is typically not completely along the length of the applicator (i.e., along the major axis) as to allow some portion of the second surface ( 32 ) of the applicator ( 1 ) to make contact with the target skin area. This way, a portion of the applicator can bend and conform around relatively confining areas of face (e.g., nose intersecting the cheek).
  • the index finger ( 41 ) may be along the minor axis of the applicator ( 1 ).
  • the index finger ( 41 ) may be placed along the second surface ( 32 ) of the applicator. How much the index finger goes across the major or minor axis of the applicator ( 1 ), and how much the applicator ( 1 ) rolls around the index finger ( 41 ) may be best left to the user's own preferences.
  • FIGS. 9 a and 9 b are directed to an alternative method.
  • FIG. 9 b demonstrates the user rolling the applicator ( 1 ) into a roll by pressing either side of the first surface ( 31 ) of the applicator ( 1 ) along the minor axis between the index finger ( 41 ) and the thumb ( 43 ) to form a pinched roll shape.
  • the use of this configuration is shown in FIG. 9 a where the user contacts the second surface ( 32 ) of the applicator ( 31 ) to the skin area between the nose ( 44 ) and the cheek ( 47 ).
  • FIGS. 10 a and 10 b are directed to a method that is likely best used for broader areas of the face such as cheeks ( 47 ).
  • FIG. 10 b illustrates the user's thumb ( 43 ) contacting the second surface ( 32 ) of the applicator ( 1 ), and the index finger ( 1 ) and the middle finger ( 42 ) contacting the first surface ( 31 ) of the applicator ( 1 ) essentially straddling the thumb ( 43 ).
  • the fingers ( 41 , 42 ) are generally not along the entire major axis of the applicator ( 1 ), but rather, some area of the applicator ( 1 ) is left without contacting the fingers ( 41 and 42 ) to allow a portion of the circumferential edge (not show) of the applicator ( 10 ) to better follow the contours of the face during application.
  • the use of this configuration is shown in FIG. 10 a .
  • the user gripps the applicator ( 1 ) between her fingers ( 41 and 42 ) and thumb ( 43 ), and guides the applicator ( 1 ) along her cheek ( 47 ). It is the second surface ( 32 ) of the applicator ( 1 ) that is making contact with the skin of her cheek ( 47 ).
  • FIGS. 11 a and 11 b are directed to a method that is likely best for broader areas of the face such as cheeks.
  • FIG. 11 b illustrates the user's thumb ( 43 ) contacting the second surface ( 32 ) of the applicator ( 1 ), and the index finger ( 41 ), the middle finger ( 42 ) and the ring finger ( 49 ) generally along the major axis of the applicator ( 1 ) contacting the first surface ( 31 ) of the first applicator ( 1 ).
  • the ring finger ( 49 ) is next to the middle finger ( 42 ).
  • the fingers ( 41 , 42 , and 49 ) are generally not along the entire major axis of the applicator ( 1 ), but rather, some area of the applicator ( 1 ) is left without contacting the fingers ( 41 , 42 , and 49 ) to allow a portion of the circumferential edge (not show) of the applicator ( 10 ) to better following the contours of the face during application. The use of this configuration is shown in FIG. 11 b .
  • the user grips the applicator ( 1 ) between her three fingers ( 41 , 42 , and 49 ) and thumb ( 43 ), and guides the applicator ( 1 ) along her cheek ( 47 ). It is the second surface ( 32 ) of the applicator ( 1 ) that is making contact with the skin of her cheek ( 47 ).
  • a user can interchange between any one of these methods during a single facial application event.
  • On aspect of the invention provides for a method of hair minimization or hair lay-down benefits to a face, preferably a human female face, comprising the step of topically applying a composition, preferably film-forming composition, to the face by an applicator of the present invention.
  • the method further comprises the step of assessing a directional axis of facial hair growth; and where the step of topically applying the composition with the applicator is conducted along the assessed directional axis of the facial hair growth.
  • the hair minimization or hair lay-down benefit is optimized by such an approach.
  • FIG. 7 A non-limiting example of a kit containing an applicator and facial skin care composition is provided as FIG. 7 .
  • the composition is fine facial hair minimizing foundation.
  • the foundation minimizes the appearance of fine facial hair when used in combination with the applicator.
  • the kit may advertise: “Combined foundation coverage with a hair softening serum and smoothing applicator to cover fine facial hair so it's less noticeable.
  • the foundation instantly evens skintone upon application, yet feels smooth, comfortable, and lightweight.” Copyright P&G 2012 .
  • the applicator may be a multiuse article that can be cleaned (e.g., soap and water) between uses. In one embodiment, the applicator and skin care composition are sold separately.
  • Instructions may be provided in the kit or with the applicator. Instructions instruct the user how to use the applicator and optionally the skin care composition (preferably consistent with the methods described herein). Further, the user may be instructed to apply the skin care composition with the applicator along a directional axis of facial hair growth.
  • the user is instructed to dose from 0.05 ml to 0.25 ml of the skin care composition, alternatively from 0.1 ml to 0.2 ml, alternatively from 0.05 ml to 2 ml, alternatively combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the user is instructed to dose from 0.05 g to 0.25 g of the skin care composition, alternatively from 0.1 g to 0.2 g.
  • the container containing the skin care composition may contain from 10 ml to 100 ml, alternatively from 20 ml to 50 ml, alternatively from 15 ml to 35 ml.
  • a non-limiting example of use instructions include: “To Use: Check the direction of any facial hair growth. Use the applicator to apply the foundation where you normally would, but ensure you apply in the same direction as the facial hair growth and fully cover facial hair for best hair lay down.” P&G Copyright 2012.

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