US20140112834A1 - System and method for controlling scale build-up in a wfgd - Google Patents

System and method for controlling scale build-up in a wfgd Download PDF

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Publication number
US20140112834A1
US20140112834A1 US13/960,384 US201313960384A US2014112834A1 US 20140112834 A1 US20140112834 A1 US 20140112834A1 US 201313960384 A US201313960384 A US 201313960384A US 2014112834 A1 US2014112834 A1 US 2014112834A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
flue
inlet
gas desulfurization
flue gas
desulfurization unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US13/960,384
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English (en)
Inventor
Daniel B Johnson
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Babcock and Wilcox Co
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Babcock and Wilcox Power Generation Group Inc
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Publication date
Application filed by Babcock and Wilcox Power Generation Group Inc filed Critical Babcock and Wilcox Power Generation Group Inc
Priority to US13/960,384 priority Critical patent/US20140112834A1/en
Priority to PCT/US2013/053912 priority patent/WO2014065925A1/en
Priority to BR112015009132A priority patent/BR112015009132A2/pt
Priority to MX2015005005A priority patent/MX2015005005A/es
Priority to RU2015114915A priority patent/RU2015114915A/ru
Priority to KR1020157012388A priority patent/KR20150074035A/ko
Priority to AU2013335237A priority patent/AU2013335237A1/en
Priority to CA2889125A priority patent/CA2889125A1/en
Priority to EP13849053.7A priority patent/EP2911983A4/en
Priority to JP2015539583A priority patent/JP2015532205A/ja
Priority to CN201380067176.2A priority patent/CN104870379A/zh
Priority to TW102129273A priority patent/TW201422319A/zh
Priority to ARP130103022A priority patent/AR092238A1/es
Assigned to BABCOCK & WILCOX POWER GENERATION GROUP, INC. reassignment BABCOCK & WILCOX POWER GENERATION GROUP, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: JOHNSON, DANIEL B
Publication of US20140112834A1 publication Critical patent/US20140112834A1/en
Assigned to BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT reassignment BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT SECURITY INTEREST Assignors: BABCOCK & WILCOX POWER GENERATION GROUP, INC.
Priority to ZA2015/02620A priority patent/ZA201502620B/en
Priority to CL2015001044A priority patent/CL2015001044A1/es
Assigned to BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT reassignment BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BABCOCK & WILCOX POWER GENERATION GROUP, INC. (TO BE RENAMED THE BABCOCK AND WILCOX COMPANY)
Assigned to THE BABCOCK & WILCOX COMPANY reassignment THE BABCOCK & WILCOX COMPANY CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BABCOCK & WILCOX POWER GENERATION GROUP, INC.
Assigned to DIAMOND POWER INTERNATIONAL, LLC (F/K/A DIAMOND POWER INTERNATIONAL, INC.), MEGTEC TURBOSONIC TECHNOLOGIES, INC., SOFCO-EFS HOLDINGS LLC, Babcock & Wilcox SPIG, Inc., THE BABCOCK & WILCOX COMPANY (F/K/A BABCOCK & WILCOX POWER GENERATION GROUP, INC.), BABCOCK & WILCOX TECHNOLOGY, LLC (F/K/A MCDERMOTT TECHNOLOGY, INC.), BABCOCK & WILCOX MEGTEC, LLC reassignment DIAMOND POWER INTERNATIONAL, LLC (F/K/A DIAMOND POWER INTERNATIONAL, INC.) RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/003—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes for supplying chemicals to fumes, e.g. using injection devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/05—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of air, e.g. by mixing exhaust with air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
    • B01D53/501—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound
    • B01D53/504—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound characterised by a specific device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/80—Semi-solid phase processes, i.e. by using slurries
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/04—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material using washing fluids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/20—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
    • F23J2217/50—Intercepting solids by cleaning fluids (washers or scrubbers)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
    • F23J2219/80—Quenching

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the cleaning of a flue gas and, in one embodiment, to a device, system and method that mitigates and/or prevents slurry deposition at the flue inlet to a wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) unit in order to keep the inlet dry and minimize deposition (e.g., deposition scale) at the flue inlet to the WFGD tower.
  • WFGD wet flue gas desulfurization
  • a wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) unit, system and/or method according to the present invention comprises, among other features, a scale prevention system comprising a plenum air device and/or forced-air box located proximate the inlet transition zone.
  • a wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) unit, system and/or method according to the present invention comprises, among other features, a scale prevention system comprising at least one chill plate located proximate the inlet transition zone.
  • a wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) unit, system and/or method according to the present invention comprises, among other features, a scale prevention system comprising a plenum air device and/or forced-air box and at least one chill plate, where both devices are located proximate the inlet transition zone.
  • FIG. 1 is an illustration of a typical wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) unit and the various parts and features contained therein.
  • WFGD wet flue gas desulfurization
  • FIG. 1 is an overall view of an exemplary wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) unit
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional illustration of a portion of a known wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) system 10
  • a wet scrubber module 12 having a cylindrical housing 14 receives a flue gas 16 at a transition between an inlet flue 18 and the housing.
  • Inlet flue 18 typically approaches cylindrical housing 14 at a downward angle ranging from 0° to 90° from the horizontal.
  • Inlet flue 18 is typically rectangular in cross-section, having a width W that is approximately 2.5 times greater than its height H (i.e., an aspect ratio of width to height W/H of approximately 2.5).
  • inlet flue 18 is mitered so that it intersects and attaches to cylindrical housing 14 at a 90° angle; i.e., inlet flue 18 is substantially perpendicular to cylindrical housing 14 .
  • This perpendicular orientation simplifies the transition, structural design and fabrication of the wet scrubber module 12 .
  • other portions (not shown) of the flue system upstream of inlet flue 18 may include cross-section transitions, elbows, fans, and/or other hydraulic devices to supply the flue gas 16 to the inlet flue 18 .
  • an inlet awning 28 is used to direct part of the hot flue gas 16 , typically provided to the wet scrubber module 12 at a temperature of approximately 300° F., downwardly at a 45° angle with respect to horizontal.
  • Liquid slurry 30 that is sprayed within the wet scrubber module 12 and/or which drains from packing, trays, or other surfaces within the wet scrubber module 12 , flows downwardly onto an upper surface 32 of the inlet awning 28 .
  • a weir plate 34 located above a tip 36 of the inlet awning 28 provides a gap 38 through which liquid slurry 30 passes, and thus regulates and improves the uniformity of a liquid slurry curtain 40 that is discharged down into the hot flue gas stream 16 .
  • the hot flue gas 16 enters the wet scrubber module 12 , it is quenched and humidified by the liquid slurry curtain 40 , evaporating a fraction of the water present in the liquid slurry curtain 40 .
  • sidewalls 44 extend from the inlet awning 28 into the housing 14 and downwardly to a point below the lower surface 26 of inlet flue 18 . These sidewalls 44 prevent liquid slurry 30 from flowing off the side ends 42 of the inlet awning 28 or along an inner surface 46 of the housing 14 from entering inlet flue 18 . These sidewalls 44 are necessary to maintain an acceptable wet/dry interface away from these surfaces to avoid the deposition problems discussed earlier.
  • the inlet awning 28 is provided with stiffeners 48 which, in conjunction with the sidewalls 44 , further distribute the slurry flow 30 evenly about these surfaces.
  • Hydraulic testing of the known inlet flue 18 and inlet awning 28 devices described above revealed a significant flue gas side total pressure drop.
  • High flue gas side pressure drops require increased fan pressure capability, resulting in increased fan and motor capacity and increased operating costs for the life of the unit. This is very undesirable because even a 1.0 inch H 2 O gas side pressure drop can be assessed at values which can reach one million dollars. Therefore, reducing the flue gas side pressure drop in the wet scrubber equipment is an effective way to reduce costs. However, such reductions must still be achieved in a manner which prevents unwanted deposition of dried slurry material at the transition interface and/or zone.
  • the present invention relates generally to the cleaning of a flue gas and, in one embodiment, to a device, system and method that mitigates and/or prevents slurry deposition at the flue inlet to a wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) unit in order to keep the inlet dry and minimize deposition (e.g., deposition scale) at the flue inlet to the WFGD tower.
  • WFGD wet flue gas desulfurization
  • a wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) unit, system and/or method according to the present invention comprises, among other features, a scale prevention system comprising a plenum air device and/or forced-air box located proximate the inlet transition zone.
  • a wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) unit, system and/or method according to the present invention comprises, among other features, a scale prevention system comprising at least one chill plate located proximate the inlet transition zone.
  • a wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) unit, system and/or method according to the present invention comprises, among other features, a scale prevention system comprising a plenum air device and/or forced-air box and at least one chill plate, where both devices are located proximate the inlet transition zone.
  • one aspect of the present invention is drawn to a scale prevention system for a wet flue gas desulfurization unit (WFGD), the system comprising: a flue structure, wherein the flue structure is connected to the inlet of an wet flue gas desulfurization unit; at least two air nozzles, each air nozzle having a respective air supply line, wherein the at least two air nozzles are positioned on the interior of the flue so as to provide air coverage across the horizontal width of the flue inlet to the wet flue gas desulfurization unit; and at least one inlet awning designed to deflect a slurry from the wet flue gas desulfurization unit, the at least one inlet awning being position above the flue inlet to the wet flue gas desulfurization unit.
  • WFGD wet flue gas desulfurization unit
  • a scale prevention system for a wet flue gas desulfurization unit comprising: a flue structure, wherein the flue structure is connected to the inlet of an wet flue gas desulfurization unit; at least two air nozzles, each air nozzle having a respective air supply line, wherein at least one air nozzle is positioned on each opposite vertical interior wall of the flue so as to provide air coverage across the horizontal width of the flue inlet to the wet flue gas desulfurization unit; and at least two lateral air nozzles, each lateral air nozzle having a respective air supply line, wherein each lateral air nozzle is positioned internally of each of the at least two air nozzles and are positioned at the top edge of the flue inlet to the wet flue gas desulfurization unit so as to provide air coverage across the horizontal width of the flue inlet to the wet flue gas desulfurization unit.
  • WFGD wet flue gas desulfurization unit
  • a scale prevention system for a wet flue gas desulfurization unit comprising: a flue structure, wherein the flue structure is connected to the inlet of an wet flue gas desulfurization unit; and at least two chill plates, each chill plate having a respective supply line, wherein the at least two chill plates are positioned on the interior of the flue so as to provide temperature control across the horizontal width of the flue inlet to the wet flue gas desulfurization unit.
  • FIG. 1 is an illustration of a typical wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) unit
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional illustration of the wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) unit of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3A is a sectional side view of the transition between the inlet flue and the wet scrubber module of FIG. 2 ;
  • FIG. 3B is a sectional view illustrating a portion of FIG. 3A ;
  • FIG. 4 is sectional plan view taken in the direction of the 4 - 4 arrows of FIG. 2 ;
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional side view illustrating a side wall for the inlet awning of FIG. 2 ;
  • FIG. 6 is an illustration of one embodiment of a scale prevention system for a WFGD flue inlet
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional illustration of the scale prevention system of FIG. 6 ;
  • FIG. 8 is an illustration of another embodiment of a scale prevention system for a WFGD flue inlet
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional illustration of the scale prevention system of FIG. 8 ;
  • FIG. 10 is an illustration of still another embodiment of a scale prevention system for a WFGD flue inlet
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional illustration of the scale prevention system of FIG. 10 ;
  • FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional illustration of still another embodiment of a scale prevention system for a WFGD flue inlet
  • FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional illustration of still another embodiment of a scale prevention system for a WFGD flue inlet.
  • FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional illustration of still another embodiment of a scale prevention system for a WFGD flue inlet.
  • the present invention relates generally to the cleaning of a flue gas and, in one embodiment, to a device, system and method that mitigates and/or prevents slurry deposition at the flue inlet to a wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) unit in order to keep the inlet dry and minimize deposition (e.g., deposition scale) at the flue inlet to the WFGD tower.
  • WFGD wet flue gas desulfurization
  • a wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) unit, system and/or method according to the present invention comprises, among other features, a scale prevention system comprising a plenum air device and/or forced-air box located proximate the inlet transition zone.
  • a wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) unit, system and/or method according to the present invention comprises, among other features, a scale prevention system comprising at least one chill plate located proximate the inlet transition zone.
  • a wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) unit, system and/or method according to the present invention comprises, among other features, a scale prevention system comprising a plenum air device and/or forced-air box and at least one chill plate, where both devices are located proximate the inlet transition zone.
  • inlet transition zone is defined to mean the area in the WFGD inlet and/or tower where the temperature gradient is changing from “hot” to “cold” and/or the flue gas is experiencing a change in the amount of water saturation in the flue gas due to contact of the flue gas with the slurry from the WFGD.
  • the “inlet transition zone” is not located in one specific area. Rather, the “inlet transition zone” varies from one WFGD unit to another, or can even vary within the same WFGD depending upon operating conditions.
  • the air supplied to the various air lines and/or piping of any one or more embodiments of the present invention can be supplied from temperature controlled air from any suitable source (e.g., from any suitable air pump, compressor, etc.), or can be supplied from any surplus oxidation air that might be available from the oxidation air being supplied to the WFGD.
  • the air supplied to the various air lines and/or piping of any one or more embodiments of the present invention can be supplied from any combination of temperature controlled air from any suitable source (e.g., from any suitable air pump, compressor, etc.) and any surplus oxidation air that might be available from the oxidation air being supplied to the WFGD.
  • the temperature of the air supplied to the various air lines and/or piping of any one or more embodiments of the present invention should be within a range of about ⁇ 25° F. to about +25° F. of the WFGD slurry temperature.
  • the temperature of the air supplied to the various air lines and/or piping of any one or more embodiments of the present invention should be within a range of about ⁇ 20° F. to about +20° F., or about ⁇ 15° F. to about +15° F., or about ⁇ 10° F. to about +10° F., or about ⁇ 5° F. to about +5° F., or even about ⁇ 2.5° F. to about +2.5° F. of the WFGD slurry temperature.
  • individual range values and/or limits can be combined to form additional non-disclosed ranges.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates one embodiment of an inlet scale mitigation and/or prevention system (hereinafter solely referred to as a “scale prevention system” for the sake of brevity).
  • a scale prevention system 100 is disclosed.
  • flue 102 is shown as entering the tower portion 104 of a WFGD unit.
  • the tower portion 104 of the WFGD is shown as having a circular cross-sectional shape, the present invention is not limited thereto. Accordingly, any geometric shape can be utilized for the tower portion 104 of a WFGD unit.
  • flue 102 is formed so as to have at least one expansion joint 106 that traverses the width of flue 102 .
  • scale prevention system 100 also includes left and right air lines and/or piping 108 that supply air to left and right side clean-out nozzles 110 .
  • Side clean-out nozzles 110 direct clean-out air supplied via each clean-out nozzle's respective air line and/or piping 108 in the same general direction as the flue gas flow direction (denoted by arrow 112 ).
  • scale prevention system 100 can further include an inlet awning and/or sidewalls like those disclosed and discussed in FIG.
  • left and right air lines and/or piping 108 , left and right side clean-out nozzles 110 and, if so present, inlet awning and/or sidewalls act together to prevent WFGD slurry from entering into flue 102 and causing scale to build-up on the WFGD-end of flue 102 .
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional illustration of the open end of flue 102 as it enters the tower portion 104 of the WFGD illustrating the orientation of left and right clean-out nozzles 110 .
  • an inlet awning and/or sidewalls according to the embodiment of FIG. 5 can be placed over the top and side edges of flue 102 (above the upper edges of left and right clean-out nozzles 110 ) to provide further protection against the WFGD slurry “raining” down from above and then entering flue 102 .
  • left and right clean-out nozzles 110 can be any desired height so long as left and right clean-out nozzles start at the bottom edge of flue 102 and proceed substantially vertically up toward the top edge of flue 102 .
  • FIG. 8 illustrates another embodiment of a scale prevention system 200 .
  • flue 202 is shown as entering the tower portion 204 of a WFGD unit.
  • the tower portion 204 of the WFGD is shown as having a circular cross-sectional shape, the present invention is not limited thereto. Accordingly, any geometric shape can be utilized for the tower portion 204 of a WFGD unit.
  • flue 202 is formed so as to have at least one expansion joint 206 that traverses the width of flue 202 .
  • the expansion joint can have one or more expansion joint drip zones and/or drains 232 represented by the left and right rectangular shapes.
  • expansion joint drip zones and/or drains 232 are located on the underside of the expansion joint section of flue 202 .
  • scale prevention system 200 also includes left and right air lines and/or piping 234 that supply air to left and right side clean-out nozzles 236 as well as lateral clean-out nozzles 238 .
  • Lateral clean out nozzles 238 are located toward the center line of flue 202 and are separated by baffle plate 240 .
  • lateral clean-out nozzles 238 and baffle plate 240 are located along the bottom edge of flue 202 as it enters into tower 204 . In another embodiment, lateral clean-out nozzles 238 and baffle plate 240 are located along the top edge of flue 202 as it enters into tower 204 . For the purposes of the present invention, the bottom edge of flue 202 is located closest to the bottom of tower 204 . Baffle plate 240 is placed between lateral clean-out nozzles 238 in order to create multiple air zones due to the presence of at least two lateral clean-out nozzles.
  • baffle plate 240 permits each of the left and right lateral clean-out nozzles 238 to be operated independently of one another thereby permitting customized control of the air provided to the left and right portions of flue 202 as it enters tower 204 .
  • left and right clean-out nozzles 238 can be operated in tandem rather than independently.
  • scale prevention system 200 can further include an inlet awning and/or sidewalls that cover/surround the top and/or side portions of flue 202 so as to prevent WFGD slurry “raining” down from above and then entering flue 202 .
  • left and right air lines and/or piping 234 , left and right side clean-out nozzles 236 , left and right lateral clean-out nozzles 238 , and baffle plate 240 act together to prevent WFGD slurry from entering into flue 202 and causing scale to build-up on the WFGD-end of flue 202 .
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional illustration of the open end of flue 202 as it enters the tower portion 204 of the WFGD illustrating the orientation of left and right clean-out nozzles 236 , left and right lateral clean-out nozzles 238 , and baffle plate 240 .
  • an inlet awning and/or sidewalls can be placed over/around the top and/or side edges of flue 202 (above left and right lateral clean-out nozzles 238 and baffle plate 240 ) to provide further protection against the WFGD slurry “raining” down from above and then entering flue 202 .
  • FIG. 10 illustrates another embodiment of a scale prevention system 300 .
  • flue 302 is shown as entering the tower portion 304 of a WFGD unit.
  • the tower portion 304 of the WFGD is shown as having a circular cross-sectional shape, the present invention is not limited thereto. Accordingly, any geometric shape can be utilized for the tower portion 304 of a WFGD unit.
  • flue 302 is formed so as to have at least one expansion joint 306 that traverses the width of flue 302 .
  • the expansion joint can have one or more expansion joint drains (not shown) located on the underside of the expansion joint section of flue 302 .
  • scale prevention system 300 also includes left and right lines and/or piping 320 that supply temperature controlled air and/or temperature controlled liquid to left and right chill plates 322 .
  • the combination of left and right lines and/or piping 320 and left and right chill plates 322 seek to reduce the temperature at the inlet of WFGD tower 304 so as to mitigate and/or prevent scale build-up due to a large temperature change between the flue gas entering the WFGD and the WFGD's slurry that is “raining” down from above.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 10 can be combined with either of the embodiments of FIG. 6 or FIG. 8 .
  • scale prevention system 300 can further include an inlet awning and/or sidewalls that cover/surround the top and/or side portions of flue 302 so as to prevent WFGD slurry “raining” down from above and then entering flue 302 .
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional illustration of the open end of flue 302 as it enters the tower portion 304 of the WFGD illustrating the orientation of left and right chill plates 322 .
  • an inlet awning can be placed over the top edge of flue 302 to provide further protection against the WFGD slurry “raining” down from above and then entering flue 302 .
  • FIGS. 12 through 14 are cross-sectional illustrations of various alternative embodiments of the present invention.
  • a flue 402 and partial WFGD tower 404 are illustrated.
  • the scale prevention system disclosed therein contains both left and right side clean-out nozzles 236 and left and right chill plates 322 .
  • the scale prevention system disclosed therein contains left and right clean-out nozzles 236 , left and right lateral clean-out nozzles 238 , baffle plate 240 , and left and right chill plates 322 located as shown at the end of flue 502 as it enters tower 504 .
  • FIG. 12 a flue 402 and partial WFGD tower 404 are illustrated.
  • the scale prevention system disclosed therein contains both left and right side clean-out nozzles 236 and left and right chill plates 322 .
  • the scale prevention system disclosed therein contains left and right clean-out nozzles 236 , left and right lateral clean-out nozzles 238 , baffle plate 240 , and left and right chill plates 3
  • the scale prevention system disclosed therein contains left and right clean-out nozzles 236 , left and right lateral clean-out nozzles 238 , baffle plate 240 , and left and right chill plates 322 , with the left and right clean-out nozzles 236 being located vertically above the respective left and right chill plates 322 located as shown at the end of flue 602 as it enters tower 604 .
  • 12 through 14 can further include an inlet awning and/or sidewalls that cover/surround the top and/or side portions of flue 402 / 502 / 602 so as to prevent WFGD slurry “raining” down from above and then entering flue 402 / 502 / 602 .
  • any of the nozzles, chill plates and/or baffle plates of the present invention can be varied as needed and/or desired. Accordingly, the present invention is not limited to just one geometric shape, layout, and or design orientation. Furthermore, the various nozzles, chill plates, and/or baffle plates can be operated in combination, various sub-combinations, or even each item independently.
  • a scale prevention system prevents scale from forming and then falling into the WFGD tank.
  • scale forms the scale that forms is smaller in size and is able to broken-up into smaller pieces by the agitators and pump (absorber recycle pumps and/or bleed pumps). Given this, in the bleed pump stream, the scale pieces are able to be pumped into the primary hydroclones.
  • the one or more systems of the present invention prevent larger scale pieces from forming and thereby prevents such scale pieces from entering into the one or more hydroclones were such pieces are not able to be removed in the underflow stream. This reduces plugging of the one or more hydroclones and thus reduces the frequency of maintenance intervals.
  • the present invention is also advantageous over those systems that utilize some type of water-based system to prevent scale formation at the tower end of a flue entering a WFGD.
  • Such water-based systems are subject to a number of drawbacks including, but not limited to, undesirable variations in the WFGD tower water/aqueous balance, corrosion at the tower end of the flue entering the WFGD; and/or water supply problems that might actually end up causing an increase in scale formation.
  • Another potential advantage attributable to the present invention is the reduction in scale size and frequency reduces the amount and size of scale pieces that are forced through the Absorber Recycle (AR) pumps. This has the potential of reducing the amount of abrasive particles in the pump stream. Furthermore, scale pieces are typically pushed into the AR headers and into the slurry nozzles in the upper portion of the towers. These nozzles have small openings and if enough scale pieces become wedged together, there is a high likelihood of plugging AR nozzles and/or headers. Such plugging leads to a drop in SO 2 removal as well as the risk of lower limestone utilization by the system. Accordingly, the one or more embodiments of the present invention can reduce the severity and/or occurrence of this phenomena thereby resulting in better SO 2 removal rates as well as less damage to the one or more AR nozzles.
  • AR Absorber Recycle
  • the embodiments of the present invention utilize two different principles to reduce the amount of scale that forms at the flue inlet of a WFGD.
  • the embodiments of FIGS. 6 through 8 utilize pressurized and/or forced air via various nozzles and/or a plenum structure to keep the inlet area clean by two means: (i) by higher pressure air forcing any slurry and/or eddy current gas flow out of the inlet and into the tower; and (ii) by supplying air that serves to create an insulating zone between the hot flue gas and cooler slurry.
  • the air supplied to the flue inlet can be humidified down to an acceptable temperature. This colder plenum should be kept at a temperature equal to or less than the operating temperature of the WFGD fluid in order to prevent the slurry from flash-drying to the plenum and forming scale.
  • the air source for the various embodiments of the present invention is provided from the WFGD's oxidation air flow into the tower, then an added benefit is realized in that WFGD sites are designed and are operating with (due to tower loading turn-down) excess oxidation air.
  • This excess oxidation air leads to adverse chemistry effects in some plants including but not limited to: (a) strong oxidizer formation with downstream impacts; (b) tower corrosion from manganese deposition forming a galvanic bridge to drive fluoride induced under-deposit corrosion; (c) adverse selenium speciation; and (d) mercury reemission. Accordingly, the use of such excess oxidation air can help to reduce, mitigate and/or eliminate one or more of the above noted negative effects.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 that utilize left and right chill plates, with or without the use of pressurized/oxidation air, can decrease the formation of the scale at the flue inlet to the WFGD.
  • the chill plates help to maintain a cooler inlet surface which helps to prevent the thermal shock the slurry experiences at the flue inlet. This thermal shock can lead to the “flash drying” that is linked to scale formation at the flue inlet.
  • the chill plates also permit the use flowing liquid/or gas at a predetermined temperature so as to keep the contact surface of the inlet at a lower temperature than the flue gas inlet temperature.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
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  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
US13/960,384 2012-10-23 2013-08-06 System and method for controlling scale build-up in a wfgd Abandoned US20140112834A1 (en)

Priority Applications (15)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/960,384 US20140112834A1 (en) 2012-10-23 2013-08-06 System and method for controlling scale build-up in a wfgd
JP2015539583A JP2015532205A (ja) 2012-10-23 2013-08-07 湿式煙道ガス脱硫におけるスケール堆積の制御システム及び方法
BR112015009132A BR112015009132A2 (pt) 2012-10-23 2013-08-07 sistema e método para controlar acúmulo de crosta em uma wfgd
MX2015005005A MX2015005005A (es) 2012-10-23 2013-08-07 Sistema y metodo para controlar la acumulacion de incrustacion en una wfgd.
RU2015114915A RU2015114915A (ru) 2012-10-23 2013-08-07 Система и способ контроля образования осадка при мокрой очистке дымовых газов от сернистых соединений
KR1020157012388A KR20150074035A (ko) 2012-10-23 2013-08-07 습식 배연 탈황에서 스케일 침적을 제어하기 위한 시스템 및 방법
AU2013335237A AU2013335237A1 (en) 2012-10-23 2013-08-07 System and method for controlling scale build-up in a WFGD
CA2889125A CA2889125A1 (en) 2012-10-23 2013-08-07 System and method for controlling scale build-up in a wfgd
EP13849053.7A EP2911983A4 (en) 2012-10-23 2013-08-07 SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING DEPOSITS IN A WFGD SYSTEM
PCT/US2013/053912 WO2014065925A1 (en) 2012-10-23 2013-08-07 System and method for controlling scale build-up in a wfgd
CN201380067176.2A CN104870379A (zh) 2012-10-23 2013-08-07 用于控制湿法烟气脱硫中垢堆积的系统和方法
TW102129273A TW201422319A (zh) 2012-10-23 2013-08-15 控制在溼式排煙脫硫（ｗｆｇｄ）之積垢的系統與方法
ARP130103022A AR092238A1 (es) 2012-10-23 2013-08-26 Sistema y metodo para controlar la acumulacion de sarro en un wfgd
ZA2015/02620A ZA201502620B (en) 2012-10-23 2015-04-17 System and method for controlling scale build-up in a wfgd
CL2015001044A CL2015001044A1 (es) 2012-10-23 2015-04-23 Sistema y método para el control de desulfurización de gases de combustión húmeda acumulados a escala.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US201261717133P 2012-10-23 2012-10-23
US13/960,384 US20140112834A1 (en) 2012-10-23 2013-08-06 System and method for controlling scale build-up in a wfgd

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EP (1) EP2911983A4 (ko)
JP (1) JP2015532205A (ko)
KR (1) KR20150074035A (ko)
CN (1) CN104870379A (ko)
AR (1) AR092238A1 (ko)
AU (1) AU2013335237A1 (ko)
BR (1) BR112015009132A2 (ko)
CA (1) CA2889125A1 (ko)
CL (1) CL2015001044A1 (ko)
MX (1) MX2015005005A (ko)
RU (1) RU2015114915A (ko)
TW (1) TW201422319A (ko)
WO (1) WO2014065925A1 (ko)
ZA (1) ZA201502620B (ko)

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JP2022110669A (ja) * 2021-01-19 2022-07-29 富士電機株式会社 サイクロン式の排ガス浄化装置

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MX2015005005A (es) 2016-01-20
AR092238A1 (es) 2015-04-08
RU2015114915A (ru) 2016-11-10
EP2911983A1 (en) 2015-09-02
CN104870379A (zh) 2015-08-26
TW201422319A (zh) 2014-06-16
KR20150074035A (ko) 2015-07-01
EP2911983A4 (en) 2016-08-31
CA2889125A1 (en) 2014-05-01
BR112015009132A2 (pt) 2017-07-04
AU2013335237A1 (en) 2015-05-14
CL2015001044A1 (es) 2015-12-28
ZA201502620B (en) 2016-01-27
JP2015532205A (ja) 2015-11-09

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