US20130260669A1 - Process for cooling hot bulk material and cooler - Google Patents

Process for cooling hot bulk material and cooler Download PDF

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Publication number
US20130260669A1
US20130260669A1 US13/991,586 US201113991586A US2013260669A1 US 20130260669 A1 US20130260669 A1 US 20130260669A1 US 201113991586 A US201113991586 A US 201113991586A US 2013260669 A1 US2013260669 A1 US 2013260669A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
bulk material
conveying direction
material bed
cooler
planks
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Abandoned
Application number
US13/991,586
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English (en)
Inventor
Jarmo Eloranta
Andre Sybon
Klaus Zenker
Hakan Okka
Joerg Hoehne
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KHD Humboldt Wedag AG
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KHD Humboldt Wedag AG
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Application filed by KHD Humboldt Wedag AG filed Critical KHD Humboldt Wedag AG
Assigned to KHD HUMBOLDT WEDAG GMBH reassignment KHD HUMBOLDT WEDAG GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ELORANTA, JARMO, OKKA, Hakan, HOEHNE, JOERG, SYBON, ANDRE, ZENKER, KLAUS
Publication of US20130260669A1 publication Critical patent/US20130260669A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
    • C04B7/36—Manufacture of hydraulic cements in general
    • C04B7/43—Heat treatment, e.g. precalcining, burning, melting; Cooling
    • C04B7/47—Cooling ; Waste heat management
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
    • F27B7/38—Arrangements of cooling devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D15/00—Handling or treating discharged material; Supports or receiving chambers therefor
    • F27D15/02—Cooling
    • F27D15/0206—Cooling with means to convey the charge
    • F27D15/0213—Cooling with means to convey the charge comprising a cooling grate
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
    • Y02P40/121—Energy efficiency measures, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cooler for cooling hot bulk material, in which cooling gas flows approximately transversely to the conveying direction through a bulk material bed and in the process takes up the heat of the bulk material, wherein an apparatus which carries the bulk material bed has a ventilation floor through which cooling gas flows, and wherein the conveying principle provides for planks which extend in the conveying direction, in which at least two adjacent planks are moved simultaneously in the conveying direction and non-simultaneously counter to the conveying direction.
  • raw meal consisting of lime-containing rock and silicate-containing rock is firstly freed of chemically bound carbon dioxide in the form of the carbonate by a first heat treatment, and then the thus calcined raw meal is sintered in a rotary tubular kiln at temperatures of up to 1450° C.
  • various phases of stoichiometrically different calcium silicates form in a solid-state reaction, and the grain size distribution of the raw meal introduced into the process changes because the grains of the raw meal are joined to one another during the sintering.
  • the grains of the clinker which is thus formed generally have the size of coarse meal right up to fist-sized clinker granules.
  • the crystallization in the solid-state reaction during sintering for forming the desired phases requires rapid quenching of the clinker after the sintering process during passage through the rotary tubular kiln.
  • the freshly sintered clinker which forms a very abrasive and very hot material, is therefore discharged onto a clinker cooler.
  • heat is rapidly taken from the fresh clinker so as to quench the clinker and also to recycle the heat present in the clinker to the very heat-intensive cement production process.
  • Processes for cooling the cement clinker which have been known for a long time provide for discharging the cement clinker from the rotary tubular kiln onto a stepped grate, where the cement clinker to be cooled forms a bulk material bed.
  • the stepped grate is a static grate on which a static passive layer of cement clinker forms. This passive layer protects the static grate from overheating and abrasion.
  • the clinker emerging from the rotary tubular kiln drops onto this passive layer and slips over the natural slope angle which forms in the conveying direction onto a moving conveying grate. As it is transported over the stepped grate, the cement clinker is cooled by cooling air conducted through the conveying grate from below.
  • the stepped grate is adjoined by a moving conveying grate with grate bars which move alternately in the conveying direction and have grate plates.
  • This conveys the clinker in the direction towards the end of the cooler, the cooling air flowing into the material to be cooled through the movable grate bars and through the stationary grate bars with grate plates or through interstices which are present between the movable grate bars with grate plates.
  • This known type of clinker coolers has proved itself in practice.
  • a disadvantage of these clinker coolers is the high wear rate, since the abrasive and also very hot clinker passes into the interstices between the steps.
  • a cooler of this type is therefore high-maintenance compared to more modern clinker coolers.
  • This thermal wedge forms, according to the established concept, because the cooling air penetrates the hot clinker from the bottom upwards. If the entire layer thickness of the clinker is still hot, the cooling air which enters the clinker from below is heated even after a short distance through the clinker layer, in which case the lower clinker layer is left cooled and the upper, significantly wider part of the layer of the bulk material bed is still hot. Since the clinker continues to move along, this process takes place again in the conveying direction. Here, the cold cooling air penetrates the already cold layer of the bulk material bed and then the still hot lower layer, which is cooled, and therefore the width of the hot layer is reduced. This process takes place until the entire layer thickness of the layer of the bulk material bed of the clinker is cooled.
  • the desired effect of this gradual cooling is for the cooling air to leave the uppermost layer of the bulk material bed at the highest possible temperature.
  • the clinker is cooled with little cooling air being used, and first and foremost the heat is transported back into the process at a high temperature.
  • a bulk material bed with little mixing movement primarily little mixing movement from the bottom upwards, is therefore advantageous.
  • the established cross-flow cooler theory also states that a greatly moving bulk material bed could have the effect that an already cooled grain might pass into the still hot region and be heated again by the still hot layer.
  • the temperature of the uppermost layer would be reduced, because the thermal energy is distributed over a greater volume of the bulk material to be cooled.
  • the cooling air temperature upon discharge from the clinker cooler layer would be reduced, and the efficiency of the cooling would therefore likewise be reduced.
  • DK 140399 therefore proposes fitting flow obstacles on the moving planks, as a result of which the planks are divided into individual portions.
  • the concept according to DK 140399 is that the bulk material bed rolls over the flow obstacles when the individual planks are withdrawn individually, such that the loosened areas over the borderlines between the planks, which are denoted as cold channels, close.
  • the wedge form is said to have the effect that the bulk material bed moves over the driver during the backward movement of the individual drivers, which move in relation to the ventilated supporting grate, and by contrast is pushed by the virtually perpendicular side in the conveying direction upon movement in the conveying direction.
  • planks have differently configured surfaces, on which the bulk material bed lies, in the conveying direction, and these surfaces, on account of their different frictional locking with the bulk material bed lying thereon, lead to mean transport speeds which differ from one another, such that as a result the bulk material bed is stretched in the region of quicker conveying and compressed in the region of slower conveying. Further advantageous configurations of the invention are given in the dependent claims.
  • the object is achieved in terms of a process as defined in claims 8 to 9 .
  • a conveying principle in which at least two adjacent planks are moved simultaneously in the conveying direction and non-simultaneously counter to the conveying direction.
  • the disadvantage of this conveying principle specifically the undesirable loosening of the bulk material bed over the borderline extending in the conveying direction between the planks that move in relation to one another in and counter to the conveying direction, is avoided by virtue of the fact that, given alternative stretching and compression of the layer of the bulk material bed, this loosened area is closed during stretching by bulk material which continues to flow from the side, and is closed during compression by compaction of the bulk material.
  • the established model of cross-flow cooling suitably describes the conditions in the layer of the bulk material bed when the bulk material bed has an ideal form. This means that it behaves like a fluidized bulk material bed which is nevertheless free of mixing movement. This is because the cooling air flowing through the bulk material bed can then cool each particle completely and from all sides.
  • the sintered clinker has material properties in terms of thermal conduction like some ceramics, in which a glowing region can be present in the immediate vicinity of a very much colder region. It is therefore possible for a fist-sized clinker piece to still glow on one side and to have a temperature of 60° C. to 80° C. on an opposite side.
  • a simple configuration of the invention provides that the planks of the clinker cooler have an apparatus which carries the bulk material bed and has a ventilation floor, the plank having differently configured surfaces in the conveying direction.
  • the surface which differs from the supporting grates as the apparatus carrying the bulk material bed is a simple smooth surface with a very small degree of frictional locking. During the common forward movement, it is not apparent that the different frictional locking of the surfaces comes into effect, but during the return movement the different surface configuration makes its presence felt in the length of the planks in the conveying direction.
  • the bulk material bed is held in the region in which a plank moves back individually under the bulk material bed by the adjacent strip of bulk material, which lies on a plank which at that time does not move, such that, despite a return movement of the plank, the strip of the bulk material bed lying thereon remains in its position.
  • the regions over the borderlines between the planks are loosened, which can be attributed to the fact that the strip of the bulk material bed is withdrawn over the plank moving back with a specific, non-negligible force, as a result of which the loosening is created.
  • the first surfaces with particularly low frictional locking are faced by those second surfaces which preferably have overlapping profiles as the supporting grate, between which the cooling gas flows into the bulk material bed.
  • one configuration of the surfaces has a wedge form, the flat end of which is oriented counter to the conveying direction.
  • the wedges are located permanently on the moving supporting grate.
  • the bulk material has to move over the wedge and drops down from the virtually perpendicular side of the wedge at the end of the wedge in the conveying direction.
  • both the closure of the cold channels and the vertical mixing are further promoted.
  • an elevated, autogenous wear-resistant layer does not form between the wedges, as is the case in the case of the flow obstacles according to DK 140399, and the wedges bring about the closure of the cold channels in addition to the vertical circulation.
  • Yet another variant of the invention which reinforces the circulation effects, provides that one configuration of the surfaces has a wedge form which is inclined to the side and the flat end of which is oriented counter to the conveying direction.
  • This surface configuration has a structure like a plough, which lies on its back and the ploughshare of which points upwards.
  • the wedges inclined to the side slide under the bulk material bed which compresses at this point in this phase, the latter slipping to the sloping side of the cooler.
  • the part of the bulk material bed which lies to the sloping side is thereby compressed, the borderline is filled in and the bulk material bed undergoes a rotational movement about an axis extending in the conveying direction.
  • the bulk material bed moves like a helix from the rotary tubular kiln to the end of the cooler, one helix being present per plank.
  • This embodiment indicated last here leads to a very intense tumbling movement and vertical mixing, admittedly at the cost of an increased transport resistance, which has to be introduced into the bulk material bed with a higher hydraulic force.
  • the disadvantage of the increased use of hydraulic energy in terms of cost is more than compensated for by the improved heat recuperation.
  • a pattern which has improved the closing effect for the plough and the borderlines is a pattern of lines arranged obliquely to the conveying direction. In a first case, these can all be aligned, as a result of which it is possible to compensate for a unilateral discharge behaviour of the rotary tubular kiln.
  • Rotary tubular kilns tend to separate clinker grain fractions of different sizes, the fine clinker grains and the coarse clinker grains being discharged alongside one another. Other rotary tubular kilns in turn do not discharge the burnt clinker centrally, but with lateral displacement.
  • the direction of the lines, which are bent with respect to the conveying direction, of the arrangement of the surfaces with low frictional locking alternates, i.e. they point to the left and then to the right.
  • the arrangement of the surfaces with low frictional locking has an arch form, the arch being oriented symmetrically with respect to the conveying direction.
  • the effect of this arch form is to compact the bed in the direction of the centre of the clinker cooler, depending on the selection of the surface form of the surface with low frictional locking. If the surface which is planar in the transport plane of the clinker cooler is selected, the tumbling movement continues in arch form. If, by contrast, the wedge form which slopes to the side is used, the conveying action towards the centre is strengthened or weakened, depending on the lateral orientation of the wedge form.
  • the surfaces can also be mixed. If, by way of example, the wedge-shaped, smooth surfaces are used on the sides and the planar surfaces with smooth frictional locking are used in the centre line of the conveying direction, the transport efficiency is different between the side wall and the centre line given the same stroke and the same stroke frequency of the individual planks, and the different transport efficiency can be utilized in order to compensate for a non-uniform discharge behaviour of the rotary tubular kiln.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cooler according to the invention in a first configuration with planar surfaces with low frictional locking
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged detail showing the planar surface parts
  • FIG. 3 shows different layouts for the different surfaces
  • FIG. 4 shows a further configuration of the cooler with wedge-shaped surface parts with low frictional locking
  • FIG. 5.1 is an enlarged detail showing the wedge-shaped surface parts
  • FIG. 5.2 is a side view showing the wedge-shaped surface parts in the cooler transport plane
  • FIG. 6 shows a third configuration of the cooler with wedge-shaped surface parts which slope to the side
  • FIG. 7 is a view from the front showing the wedge-shaped surface parts which slope to the side in the cooler transport plane.
  • FIG. 1 shows the parts of a clinker cooler 100 which are essential to the invention in a first configuration.
  • Said clinker cooler consists of four planks 101 , 102 , 103 and 104 , which are arranged alongside one another and extend in the conveying direction 105 .
  • the transverse side shown in the foreground is that side onto which the rotary tubular kiln discharges the clinker, and the transverse side shown in the background of the figure forms the end of the cooler.
  • the clinker is discharged onto the front side of the clinker cooler 100 , and in the process cooling air 107 flows through it, said cooling air flowing from below through the cassette-shaped inserts 110 into the bulk material bed (which is not shown here) lying on the cooler 100 .
  • the cassette-shaped inserts have overlapping profiles through which the cooling air 107 flows but through which the clinker cannot drop from above.
  • Smooth surface structures with second inserts 115 alternate with the cassette-shaped inserts 110 .
  • These inserts 115 can also be provided with cooling air openings.
  • the inserts 115 with low frictional locking are shown in the enlarged detail in FIG. 2 . These replace the cassette-shaped inserts 110 at regular intervals, such that an alternatively compacting and re-loosening action is established at those points in the strip of the bulk material bed over the planks 101 , 102 , 103 and 104 where the second inserts 115 are arranged.
  • the arrangement thereof in the cooler transport plane is also the cause of the different surface configurations.
  • the simplest type of arrangement is a regular alternation of cassette-shaped inserts 110 having overlapping profiles, which are laid slightly deeper in order to form a depression for an autogenous wear-resistant layer in the recess, and second inserts having a virtually planar surface. This arrangement leads to an almost peristaltic tumbling movement of the bulk material in the strips of the bulk material bed which lie over the individual planks 101 , 102 , 103 and 104 .
  • the second surfaces 115 In addition to the regular alternation over the entire width of the cooler, it is also possible to arrange the second surfaces 115 with low frictional locking obliquely with respect to the cooler transport direction 105 , as shown in Sub figure 3 b . In order to avoid a net conveying effect to the side of the cooler, it is possible to regularly alternate the oblique arrangement, such that the tumbling movement acts to one side and then to the other side of the cooler 100 .
  • Sub figure 3 c shows an arrangement showing a net conveying effect to the side if the tumbling movement is not distributed symmetrically, as shown in Sub figure 3 a , but rather dissymmetrically over the cooler transport surface.
  • Sub figure 3 d shows an arch-shaped arrangement of the second surfaces 115 , the arches being arranged symmetrically about the centre line of the conveying direction 105 .
  • FIG. 4 shows a configuration of the cooler according to the invention as a cooler 200 , which likewise has four planks 201 , 202 , 203 and 204 which lie alongside one another and extend in the conveying direction 205 , in this case the cooling air penetrating from below not being shown for simplification.
  • the second surfaces 215 in this cooler have a wedge-shaped configuration, are arranged fixedly on the planks 201 , 202 , 203 and 204 and do not move as in the case of a cooler type which appears to be extremely similar, in which the wedge-shaped pushing elements move in relation to the plank surface.
  • the virtually perpendicular surfaces 216 point in the conveying direction 205 and the flat ends of the wedges 217 point counter to the conveying direction.
  • the action of the perpendicular surfaces 216 does not have an effect, because the entire bulk material bed moves forwards on the cooler 200 .
  • the second, wedge-shaped inserts 215 slide under the strip of the bulk material bed located over the plank moving counter to the conveying direction 205 , and in the process lift the strip of the bulk material bed over themselves, and the bulk material bed drops over the virtually perpendicular edge 216 , the bulk material bed being newly compacted and in the process also undergoing vertical mixing.
  • the bed is gently lifted by a wedge with low frictional locking and circulated, with no depression being formed between the individual wedges which is filled with a layer of the bulk material bed stationary over the planks.
  • FIG. 5.1 shows the arrangement of the virtually perpendicular side over which the bulk material emerges when the individual planks 201 , 202 , 203 and 204 are withdrawn.
  • FIG. 5.2 is a sketched side view showing the cooler transport plane of the cooler 200 , the wedge-shaped inserts 215 protruding slightly over the cooler transport plane.
  • FIG. 6 shows a third configuration of the cooler as a cooler 300 , in this case too the cooling air penetrating from below not being shown for simplification compared with the illustration in FIG. 1 .
  • the second inserts 315 of the cooler which is otherwise identical to coolers 100 and 200 , are in the form of wedges which slope to one side.
  • the second insert 315 with low frictional locking compared to the cassette-shaped inserts 110 slides under the bulk material bed, which is compacted to the sloping side and then drops over the edge of the second insert 315 which points in the conveying direction.
  • the concept of the invention relates to a deliberate disruption of the moving floor conveyor known per se, in order firstly to be able to avoid fluidization of the bulk material bed but also nevertheless to avoid the situation where hot, non-fluidized clinker granules are in the slipstream of others and therefore cannot emit their heat.
  • the advantages of some types of cooler such as for example the recuperation efficiency, are retained and other disadvantages, such as moving elements in the hot layer of the bulk material bed, are not present. Loosened areas which are inherent to the transport system over the borderline between the individual strips of the bulk material bed, and which arise in particular in the case of small bulk material bed heights, are closed or the formation thereof is suppressed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
US13/991,586 2010-12-23 2011-12-13 Process for cooling hot bulk material and cooler Abandoned US20130260669A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010055825.7 2010-12-23
DE102010055825.7A DE102010055825C5 (de) 2010-12-23 2010-12-23 Verfahren zum Kühlen von heißem Schüttgut und Kühler
PCT/EP2011/072615 WO2012084608A1 (de) 2010-12-23 2011-12-13 VERFAHREN ZUM KÜHLEN VON HEIßEM SCHÜTTGUT UND KÜHLER

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US20130260669A1 true US20130260669A1 (en) 2013-10-03

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US (1) US20130260669A1 (da)
EP (1) EP2655994B2 (da)
CN (1) CN103189705B (da)
BR (1) BR112013006474B1 (da)
CA (1) CA2816693C (da)
DE (1) DE102010055825C5 (da)
DK (1) DK2655994T3 (da)
JO (1) JO3720B1 (da)
RU (1) RU2588934C2 (da)
SA (1) SA111330095B1 (da)
WO (1) WO2012084608A1 (da)

Cited By (2)

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CN108645225A (zh) * 2018-08-10 2018-10-12 江西银杉白水泥有限公司 一种白水泥冷却用篦冷机
US10816268B2 (en) 2017-03-27 2020-10-27 Alite Gmbh Cement clinker cooler with reciprocating planks

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010055825C5 (de) 2010-12-23 2017-05-24 Khd Humboldt Wedag Gmbh Verfahren zum Kühlen von heißem Schüttgut und Kühler
EP2843342B2 (en) 2013-08-27 2019-07-03 Alite GmbH Clinker cooler
JP6838955B2 (ja) 2016-12-13 2021-03-03 川崎重工業株式会社 クーラ装置

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JO3720B1 (ar) 2021-01-31
CN103189705B (zh) 2016-02-17
DK2655994T3 (da) 2015-07-13
CN103189705A (zh) 2013-07-03
CA2816693C (en) 2019-07-30
DE102010055825B4 (de) 2013-07-04
BR112013006474A2 (pt) 2016-07-26
WO2012084608A1 (de) 2012-06-28
DE102010055825C5 (de) 2017-05-24
EP2655994B1 (de) 2015-04-08
EP2655994B2 (de) 2022-11-30
RU2013126076A (ru) 2014-12-20
CA2816693A1 (en) 2012-06-28
SA111330095B1 (ar) 2014-11-25
RU2588934C2 (ru) 2016-07-10
BR112013006474B1 (pt) 2020-01-07
EP2655994A1 (de) 2013-10-30

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